Deck 6: School and Work

Question 1

A school climate that is high in both responsiveness and demandingness is similar in its effects to _____ parenting.

A)indulgent
B)indifferent
C)authoritative
D)authoritarian

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A large high school may have many more clubs,interest groups,sports teams,and student publications;however,students in small high schools are ___________ likely to take part in extracurricular activities.

A)much more
B)much less
C)generally shy,therefore,not
D)prefer to be observers from the sidelines and definitely not

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Schools in which the curriculum and teaching style respond to the evolving needs and capabilities of students are said to have

A)a temperate climate.
B)a good stage-environment fit.
C)constructive tracking.
D)self-righting tendencies.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Moving from elementary to junior high school may be difficult because

A)most students in the new school already know their reputation from before.
B)it coincides with other stressful transitions such as puberty.
C)the looser classroom atmosphere makes it hard to know how to act.
D)the greater interest teachers take in their students feels like prying.

Question 5

An effect of ability grouping is that

A)students in honors courses are more motivated to learn.
B)students in low-ability courses have lower achievement and involvement.
C)honors courses attract more experienced teachers.
D)All of the above.

Question 6

_______ high schools have academic advantages,such as higher attendance and passing rates,higher grades and achievement test scores,even after individual and family backgrounds are taken into account.

A)Bigger
B)Smaller
C)Comprehensive
D)Downsized

Question 7

In comprehensive high schools,students followed

A)college preparatory programs.
B)vocational programs.
C)general education programs.
D)Any of the above,depending on what their abilities were thought to be.

Question 8

Faced with a choice of expanding or creating a new high school that lacks its history and school spirit,parents and community leaders often opt for

A)downsizing.
B)supersizing.
C)cost efficiencies.
D)None of the above.

Question 9

A system that assigns students to different sequences of courses on the basis of some measure of ability is called

A)tracking.
B)preprogramming.
C)slipstreaming.
D)merit grouping.

Question 10

Canadian researchers who studied the data collected from the Tennessee Project STAR (Student-Teacher Achievement Ratio)found

A)smaller classes increased the grades of the already achieving students more than those of the 'other' students.
B)the advantages that seemed to be gained by minority students were not found upon closer examination of the results.
C)A and B
D)None of the above

Question 11

In their analysis of schools in Alberta and New Brunswick,Corak and Lauzon (2009)found that decreasing class size

A)helped some of the student populations,but may have led to even lower achievement in other students.
B)greatly improved academic achievement in the early grades.
C)greatly improved academic achievement in the high school years.
D)worked best when classes are reduced from 35 to 25 students.

Question 12

Which of the following experience is more characteristic of Canadian teens in the period from the last year of elementary school to the first year of middle or junior high school?

A)achievement scores go down
B)interest in school goes down
C)school-related anxiety goes up
D)there did not seem to be any general impact on grades nor social or behavioural functioning

Question 13

High school students who are academically below average are more likely to take part in extracurricular activities

A)when they are required to improve their grades in order to participate.
B)in large schools with a wide array of clubs,teams,and interest groups.
C)in smaller schools where their participation carries more weight.
D)that force them to use the academic skills they need to work on.

Question 14

John Dewey's belief that high schools should promote democratic equality and citizenship was a core principle of _____ education.

A)progressive
B)civic
C)humanitarian
D)comprehensive

Question 15

American research suggests that students have better feelings about themselves and their connection to school in which one of the following systems that Canadian research suggests may not be the best plan?

A)6-3-3
B)5-3-4
C)8-4
D)comprehensive.

Question 16

A school environment that stresses competition and outstanding academic successes leads to a(n)_____ orientation among students.

A)mastery
B)performance
C)superiority
D)defeatist

Question 17

The social institution that has the most direct impact on the daily lives of adolescents is

A)local government.
B)the workplace.
C)school.
D)newspapers and television.

Question 18

Those who favor smaller high schools argue that

A)science labs,libraries,and sports facilities are unnecessary luxuries.
B)smaller schools are more energy efficient.
C)breaking up big high schools reduces problems with gangs.
D)students in smaller schools feel less alienated and more attached to their schools.

Question 19

Smaller schools are safer schools for the following reasons,except

A)are less likely to impose invasive security measures such as metal detectors and drug sweeps.
B)students are much less likely to be victims of violence.
C)students are much more likely to be victims of theft.
D)create an especially positive effect on achievement for ethno-cultural minority students.

Question 20

From a handful of schools in the 1960s,middle schools,and the ________ system they are part of,spread dramatically and are now the most common form of early secondary education in Canada.

A)8-4
B)6-3-3
C)5-3-4
D)progressive

Question 21

Junior high and middle school teachers,compared to elementary school teachers,

A)are more likely to get involved with students' social and emotional problems.
B)put more effort into helping students overcome academic difficulties.
C)have less confidence in their own teaching efficacy.
D)have a stronger belief in their students' teachability.

Question 22

Ms.Gomez,who teaches 10th grade history,is warm and supportive,but makes it clear that she expects her students both to follow the rules and to do well in the class.Ms.Gomez would be considered a(n)_____ teacher.

A)authoritative
B)permissive
C)authoritarian
D)comprehensive

Question 23

The four (4)causal factors that are particularly central to achievement attributions can be arranged according to two causal dimensions

A)locus of causality and causal stability
B)locus of stability and causal stability
C)outcome and locus of causality
D)outcome and locus of stability

Question 24

About _____ of 100 students receive IQ scores high enough to meet the usual criterion for "gifted" programs.

A)2 or 3
B)10
C)20
D)35

Question 25

The expectations that teachers hold for different students

A)have no impact on academic performance.
B)are generally fair and impartial.
C)are not likely to be noticed by the students.
D)are often linked to gender,race,and social class.

Question 26

The practice of _____ involves including students with physical,cognitive,or developmental problems in regular classrooms.

A)regularizing
B)mainstreaming
C)slipstreaming
D)classification

Question 27

Students who believe their teachers care about them and who feel a connection to their fellow students develop a sense of _____ that is linked to better grades and lower rates of dropping out.

A)school membership
B)self efficacy
C)zero tolerance
D)positive self regard

Question 28

Aisha's parents have transferred her to a private school.It is likely that she will

A)not have access to as many advanced courses as her friends in public school.
B)do no better on achievement tests than she would have if she hadn't transferred.
C)receive more support and help from her parents and teachers.
D)have just as many classmates whose parents are poor.

Question 29

Paulo attends a school with a lot of students who are unmotivated and disruptive.It is likely that Paulo

A)will put more effort into schoolwork to make up for the others.
B)thinks of students who act up and get away with it as cool.
C)has mostly skilled and experienced teachers.
D)has a strong sense of school membership.

Question 30

According to the text book,the inclusion of _________may increase the achievement scores of Aboriginal students studying among their Aboriginal peers,and also help with the retention and graduation rates of black youth in Toronto's black focussed schools.

A)zero tolerance for discrimination
B)culturally relevant curricula/materials
C)less stereotyping
D)safety zoning

Question 31

Teachers who have a _____ put more effort into trying to reach students and communicate high expectations.

A)self-fulfilling prophecy
B)sense of personal efficacy
C)conflict with school officials
D)master's degree in education

Question 32

According to the text book,who are more likely to choose schools for their children?

A)labourers who want a better future for their children.
B)immigrants who place a major emphasis on education.
C)parents with more income and more education.
D)Aboriginal parents.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT one of the four (4)causal factors that are particularly central to achievement attributions?

A)ability
B)effort
C)ease/difficulty
D)outcome

Question 34

The advantages of private school may be more about getting into university than staying there.Recent research in British Columbia indicates that public school students _________ at university,where,unlike in private schools,there is very little individual attention.

A)are disadvantaged
B)may have an advantage
C)do just as well as private school students
D)None of the above

Question 35

In English class,the teacher calls on Jasdeep Singh.When he hesitates,trying to find the right words,the teacher quickly calls on Wendy instead.It is likely that

A)the teacher thinks Wendy is bright.
B)the teacher doesn't think much of Jasdeep's ability.
C)Jasdeep's achievement in English will go down over the year.
D)All of the above.

Question 36

According to Bernard Weiner's (1985,1992)attribution theory,one influential approach to achievement focuses on what happens ________ an activity.

A)prior to
B)during
C)after
D)researching

Question 37

Students who had poor grades and test scores in _______ were more likely to leave school before graduation.

A)grade 11
B)grade 10
C)grade 9
D)grade 8

Question 38

Researchers have determined that early school leavers have much less success in finding steady employment,and have lower wages.What percentage of these students return to school in some form for upgrading and possible university admission?

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)35%

Question 39

Statistics on school safety indicate that

A)the number of violent crimes against students has climbed steadily.
B)males and females are equally likely to bring a weapon to school.
C)teens are much safer at school than out of school.
D)half of all high school students have been threatened or injured with a weapon at school.

Question 40

Francesca is active in a school club and on a sports team.It is likely that,compared to those who are less active in extracurricular activities,Francesca

A)spends less time on homework and earns lower grades.
B)is too busy with her activities to talk to her parents and teachers about school concerns.
C)is less likely to drop out of high school and more likely to go on to college.
D)is more involved in problem behaviours and substance use.

Question 41

_______ is the web of social and professional relationships that make it easier to be productive or accomplish one's goals.

A)Network
B)Website
C)References
D)Social capital

Question 42

Nearly ______of Canadian teens go on to post-secondary education after finishing high school,generally at a college or university while only _____for Aboriginal students.

A)50;40
B)65;45
C)75;51
D)82;56

Question 43

Nancy Deutsch spent 4 years observing the children and staff members in an after school program at a Boys & Girls Club.In her view,the fairly____ structure is one of the features that make the program work.

A)organized
B)formal
C)loose
D)rigid

Question 44

An important characteristic of schools is the goodness of fit between the student's stage of development and the school's approach.Discuss this in terms of adolescents and the typical middle school and high school environment.

Question 45

When Saleem has a problem in school or wonders where to go with his life,he finds it easier to talk to a family friend,Mr.Mohamed,than to his parents.Mr.Mohamed encourages him,gives him sound advice,and even helped him find a job last summer.Mr.Mohamed is serving as Saleem's

A)tutor.
B)mentor.
C)protege.
D)guardian.

Question 46

The 25% of high school graduates who do not proceed to post secondary educations are referred to as the

A)proletariat.
B)drop outs.
C)forgotten half.
D)alienated.

Question 47

Compared with many other industrialized countries,Canada has a much more open system of higher education.What are some pros and cons of the Canadian approach?

Question 48

About ____% of Canadian teens report being involved in at least one organized extracurricular activity.

A)46
B)66
C)86
D)96

Question 49

What proportion of Canadian teens work part-time,how much do they earn,and what do they do with the money? What effects does this have?

Question 50

As for school achievement,the number of hours worked is more influential than the simple fact of having a job.Those who spend more than __________ hours a week at work tend to get lower grades,score lower on standardized tests,be less involved in school,and have higher dropout rates.

A)7 - 10
B)11 - 14
C)15 - 20
D)21 - 30

Question 51

For adolescents,working has been linked to

A)higher self esteem.
B)school misconduct and delinquency.
C)higher school grades.
D)less substance use.

Question 52

A lot of teens think that getting into college or a university is the hardest part,however,this is not necessarily so.About ________ drop out,for such reasons as inadequate study habits and not so good marks,but many eventually return.

A)15%
B)25%
C)30%
D)35%

Question 53

The children who lived in less safe neighbourhoods,spent more unsupervised time with peers after school,and had parents who did not pay as much attention to where they were and what they were doing were _____________ for problem behaviours compared to children is safer neighbourhoods.

A)at similar levels of risk
B)more at risk
C)occasionally at risk
D)never at real risk

Question 54

What are extracurricular activities and what effects do they have on those who take part in them?

Question 55

What is meant by teacher expectancy effects,what is the evidence for and against them,and which adolescents are most likely to be affected by them?