Deck 34: Endocrine Control

Question 1

Peptide and protein hormones are polar molecules that ____.  

A) inhibit the effect of nonpolar hormones
B) alter the effect of certain genes
C) bind to a receptor at the cell membrane
D) move directly across the cell membrane and enter the nucleus
E) form ATP

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A(n)______hormone released by the hypothalamus prevents the release of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland.  

A) releasing
B) inhibiting
C) amino acid-derived
D) steroid
E) peptide

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Figure 34.5

What is the most likely cause of the excessive growth exhibited by the person in the center of the accompanying figure?  

A) Pituitary tumor
B) Lack of GH receptor response
C) Low levels of rhGH
D) Cretinism
E) Laron syndrome

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Mutations can affect hormone receptors in the following ways,except for which statement?  

A) Result in missing or defective receptors
B) Alter the rate of production of receptors
C) Affect the response to a hormone
D) Decrease the level of hormones in their vicinity
E) Alter the binding site of receptors

Question 5

Which of the following statement is not correct in context with the thyroid gland?  

A) It secretes two iodine-containing amines.
B) Thyroid hormone decreases the metabolic activity of cells throughout the body.
C) Low blood concentration of thyroid hormone causes the hypothalamus to secrete thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH).
D) Thyroid-releasing hormone causes the anterior pituitary to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
E) TSH stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormone.

Question 6

Which hormone causes a decrease in fat storage and an increase in synthesis of muscle proteins?

A) Growth hormone
B) Oxytocin
C) Prolactin
D) Adrenaline
E) Epinephrine

Question 7

What do peptide hormones consists of?  

A) Fatty acid chains
B) Short chains of amino acids
C) Modified cholesterol
D) Proteins
E) Modified amino acids

Question 8

Researchers first discovered the existence of hormones by studying secretions from the ________.  

A) adrenal glands
B) pancreas
C) gonads
D) thymus gland
E) pineal gland

Question 9

Neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus make ____,which are secreted into blood at the posterior pituitary.  

A) adrenaline and prolactin
B) prolactin and oxytocin
C) antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
D) luteinizing hormone and oxytocin
E) growth hormone and prolactin

Question 10

Figure 34.4A


-The synthesis site for the hormones of this figure is indicated by the letter ____.
 

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Which type of hormone releases cyclic AMP as a second messenger?  

A) Peptide only
B) Steroid only
C) Protein only
D) Peptide and protein only
E) peptide, steroid, and protein

Question 12

Figure 34.4A


-Signals that stimulate the release of hormone molecules are carried along the component indicated by the letter ____.  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

The intercellular signaling molecule secreted by an endocrine gland or cell is called a(n)__________.  

A) hormone
B) neurotransmitter
C) neuromodulator
D) prostaglandin
E) antibody

Question 14

The hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are ____.  

A) peptide hormones
B) neurotransmitters
C) steroid hormones
D) second messengers
E) polar

Question 15

Which gland is associated with seasonal biorhythms?  

A) Pineal
B) Parathyroid
C) Thymus
D) Pituitary
E) Thymus

Question 16

Which endocrine gland is the main center for control of the internal environment?  

A) Pineal
B) Hypothalamus
C) Thyroid
D) Adrenal cortex
E) Thalamus

Question 17

Figure 34.4A


-The releasing site for the hormones of this figure is indicated by the letter ____.
 

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

If excessive growth hormone secretion occurs during adulthood,the result is called ____.
 

A) Laron syndrome
B) gigantism
C) dwarfism
D) acromegaly
E) rhGH

Question 19

Which are lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol?  

A) Steroid hormones
B) Peptide hormones
C) Amine hormones
D) Second messengers
E) Proteins

Question 20

Because a steroid hormone is nonpolar,it ____.  

A) must be transported across a cell membrane with a receptor molecule
B) is equipped with specific receptor molecules
C) can dissolve in blood
D) can diffuse directly across a cell membrane
E) is an inhibiting hormone

Question 21

Insulin and glucagon work together to maintain optimum levels of ____ in the blood.  

A) glycogen
B) glucose
C) alpha cells
D) thyroxine
E) digestive enzymes

Question 22

Melatonin secretion influences ____.  

A) secondary sex characteristics
B) glucagon production
C) adrenal function
D) seasonal changes in behavior
E) Graves' disease

Question 23

Hypothyroidism can be caused by a dietary deficiency in ____.  

A) vitamin D
B) multivitamins
C) Penicillin
D) thyroxin
E) iodine

Question 24

A decrease in cortisol triggers a negative feedback loop and causes release of _____.  

A) FSH
B) cortisol
C) corticotropin releasing hormone
D) luteinizing hormone
E) TSH

Question 25

Ecdysone,a steroid hormone,controls ____.  

A) the menstrual cycle
B) molting in arthropods
C) the wake-sleep cycle
D) the formation of hormone receptors
E) the formation of sperm

Question 26

Which statement best describes type 1 diabetes?  

A) Near-normal insulin levels are maintained.
B) Beta cells are hyperactive.
C) It is the more common form of diabetes.
D) Insulin-producing cells are attacked by the immune system.
E) It often occurs as a result of obesity.

Question 27

A pancreatic hormone that causes cells to break down glycogen and release glucose is known as _______.  

A) calcitonin
B) glucagon
C) insulin
D) pancreas
E) melatonin

Question 28

Which is a thyroid hormone produced by many animals that encourages bones to take up and incorporate calcium?  

A) Calcitonin
B) Glucagon
C) Insulin
D) Parathyroid
E) Melatonin

Question 29

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.secrete insulin and glucagon
c.secretes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
d.chemical signal of the nervous system that acts locally
e.secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.secretes cortisol and aldosterone
g.secretes melatonin in low light conditions
h.luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
i.chemical messenger circulated by the blood, affecting distant parts of the body
j.secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.hypothalamus product involved in sex hormone production
l.secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
adrenal cortex

Question 30

A decrease in blood glucose from skipping a meal will cause the ____ to secrete glucagon,which will cause the ____ to break down glycogen into glucose.  

A) liver; pancreas
B) pancreas; gall bladder
C) spleen; pancreas
D) pancreas; spleen
E) pancreas; liver

Question 31

The three stress hormones are _____.  

A) cortisol, FSH, and LH
B) epinephrine, cortisol, and FSH
C) norepinephrine, cortisol, and FSH
D) epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol
E) epinephrine, norepinephrine, and FSH

Question 32

A normally functioning pancreas produces insulin,a hormone that causes cells to ____.  

A) produce glucagon
B) take up and store glucose
C) synthesize protein
D) break down glucose
E) produce glucagon

Question 33

_____ is a hormone that triggers the gonads to release sex hormones.  

A) Estrogen
B) Testosterone
C) Progesterone
D) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
E) Luteinizing hormone

Question 34

Glucagon is ____.  

A) produced by beta cells in response to high insulin levels.
B) produced by alpha cells in response to low insulin levels.
C) produced by beta cells in response to high blood glucose levels.
D) produced by alpha cells in response to low blood glucose levels.
E) produced by alpha cells in response to high blood glucose levels.

Question 35

Chemicals that interfere with ecdysone function are sometimes used as ____.  

A) insecticides
B) fungicides
C) herbicides
D) fungicides and nematocides
E) fertilizers

Question 36

Illness,stress,or anxiety override the negative feedback loop that regulates ____,thus causing its level to soar.  

A) cortisol
B) somatotropin
C) insulin
D) prolactin
E) parathyroid hormone

Question 37

In individuals affected by type 2 diabetes,hyperglycemia is caused by ____.  

A) decreased response of target cells to insulin.
B) increased response of target cells to insulin.
C) inability of pancreatic cells to make insulin.
D) excess insulin production.
E) lowered blood sugar levels.

Question 38

Type I diabetes is characterized by ___________.  

A) high blood insulin levels
B) low blood sugar levels
C) destruction of insulin-secreting beta cells
D) low glucagon levels
E) higher than normal uptake of glucose from the blood

Question 39

Activities that disrupt the production of melatonin at night may increase the risk of ____.  

A) heart disease
B) cancer
C) increasing gonadal output
D) pancreas reduction
E) too much sleep

Question 40

Which of the following is a secondary sexual trait?  

A) Ovulation in females
B) Pproduction of semen in males
C) Facial hair in males
D) Ovaries in a female
E) Testes in males

Question 41

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.secrete insulin and glucagon
c.secretes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
d.chemical signal of the nervous system that acts locally
e.secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.secretes cortisol and aldosterone
g.secretes melatonin in low light conditions
h.luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
i.chemical messenger circulated by the blood, affecting distant parts of the body
j.secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.hypothalamus product involved in sex hormone production
l.secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
pineal gland

Question 42

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.secrete insulin and glucagon
c.secretes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
d.chemical signal of the nervous system that acts locally
e.secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.secretes cortisol and aldosterone
g.secretes melatonin in low light conditions
h.luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
i.chemical messenger circulated by the blood, affecting distant parts of the body
j.secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.hypothalamus product involved in sex hormone production
l.secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
adrenal medulla

Question 43

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.secrete insulin and glucagon
c.secretes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
d.chemical signal of the nervous system that acts locally
e.secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.secretes cortisol and aldosterone
g.secretes melatonin in low light conditions
h.luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
i.chemical messenger circulated by the blood, affecting distant parts of the body
j.secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.hypothalamus product involved in sex hormone production
l.secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
gonadotropin stimulating hormone

Question 44

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.estrogen
b.luteinizing hormone
c.growth hormone
d.oxytocin
e.antidiuretic hormone
This hormone controls water retention and loss.

Question 45

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.secrete insulin and glucagon
c.secretes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
d.chemical signal of the nervous system that acts locally
e.secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.secretes cortisol and aldosterone
g.secretes melatonin in low light conditions
h.luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
i.chemical messenger circulated by the blood, affecting distant parts of the body
j.secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.hypothalamus product involved in sex hormone production
l.secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
parathyroid gland

Question 46

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.secrete insulin and glucagon
c.secretes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
d.chemical signal of the nervous system that acts locally
e.secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.secretes cortisol and aldosterone
g.secretes melatonin in low light conditions
h.luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
i.chemical messenger circulated by the blood, affecting distant parts of the body
j.secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.hypothalamus product involved in sex hormone production
l.secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
pancreatic islets

Question 47

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.secrete insulin and glucagon
c.secretes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
d.chemical signal of the nervous system that acts locally
e.secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.secretes cortisol and aldosterone
g.secretes melatonin in low light conditions
h.luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
i.chemical messenger circulated by the blood, affecting distant parts of the body
j.secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.hypothalamus product involved in sex hormone production
l.secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
thyroid gland

Question 48

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.secrete insulin and glucagon
c.secretes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
d.chemical signal of the nervous system that acts locally
e.secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.secretes cortisol and aldosterone
g.secretes melatonin in low light conditions
h.luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
i.chemical messenger circulated by the blood, affecting distant parts of the body
j.secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.hypothalamus product involved in sex hormone production
l.secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
anterior lobe of pituitary

Question 49

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.pituitary
b.adrenal
c.pancreas
d.thyroid
e.Thymus
This gland produces a hormone that directly controls development and helps control metabolic rate.

Question 50

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.secrete insulin and glucagon
c.secretes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
d.chemical signal of the nervous system that acts locally
e.secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.secretes cortisol and aldosterone
g.secretes melatonin in low light conditions
h.luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
i.chemical messenger circulated by the blood, affecting distant parts of the body
j.secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.hypothalamus product involved in sex hormone production
l.secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
gonad

Question 51

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.estrogen
b.luteinizing hormone
c.growth hormone
d.oxytocin
e.antidiuretic hormone
This hormone induces protein synthesis and cell division.

Question 52

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.pituitary
b.adrenal
c.pancreas
d.thyroid
e.Thymus
This gland is the target for corticotropin (ACTH).

Question 53

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.secrete insulin and glucagon
c.secretes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
d.chemical signal of the nervous system that acts locally
e.secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.secretes cortisol and aldosterone
g.secretes melatonin in low light conditions
h.luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
i.chemical messenger circulated by the blood, affecting distant parts of the body
j.secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.hypothalamus product involved in sex hormone production
l.secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
posterior lobe of pituitary

Question 54

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.estrogen
b.luteinizing hormone
c.growth hormone
d.oxytocin
e.antidiuretic hormone
The mammary glands are the target for this hormone.

Question 55

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.pituitary
b.adrenal
c.pancreas
d.thyroid
e.Thymus
Insulin is produced in this gland.

Question 56

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.secrete insulin and glucagon
c.secretes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
d.chemical signal of the nervous system that acts locally
e.secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.secretes cortisol and aldosterone
g.secretes melatonin in low light conditions
h.luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
i.chemical messenger circulated by the blood, affecting distant parts of the body
j.secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.hypothalamus product involved in sex hormone production
l.secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
pituitary gland products involved in sex hormone production

Question 57

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.pituitary
b.adrenal
c.pancreas
d.thyroid
e.Thymus
Oxytocin is released from this gland.

Question 58

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.secrete insulin and glucagon
c.secretes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
d.chemical signal of the nervous system that acts locally
e.secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.secretes cortisol and aldosterone
g.secretes melatonin in low light conditions
h.luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
i.chemical messenger circulated by the blood, affecting distant parts of the body
j.secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.hypothalamus product involved in sex hormone production
l.secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
neurotransmitter

Question 59

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.pituitary
b.adrenal
c.pancreas
d.thyroid
e.Thymus
Antidiuretic hormone is released from this gland.

Question 60

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.secrete insulin and glucagon
c.secretes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
d.chemical signal of the nervous system that acts locally
e.secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.secretes cortisol and aldosterone
g.secretes melatonin in low light conditions
h.luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
i.chemical messenger circulated by the blood, affecting distant parts of the body
j.secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.hypothalamus product involved in sex hormone production
l.secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
hormones

Question 61

Figure 34.1


Which part of figure above related to :

-pancreas

Question 62

Figure 34.1


Which part of figure above related to :

-thymus

Question 63

Figure 34.1


Which part of figure above related to :

-thyroid gland

Question 64

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.estrogen
b.luteinizing hormone
c.growth hormone
d.oxytocin
e.antidiuretic hormone
Uterine contractions are induced by this hormone.

Question 65

Binding of a protein hormone may lead to formation of a(n)__________,which relays a signal into the cell.

Question 66

Figure 34.1


Which part of figure above related to :

-testes

Question 67

Figure 34.1


Which part of figure above related to :

-pineal gland

Question 68

Figure 34.1


Which part of figure above related to :

-adrenal glands

Question 69

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.adrenal cortex
b.ovary
c.pineal
d.parathyroid
e.Testes
This gland secretes a hormone that prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy.

Question 70

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.adrenal cortex
b.ovary
c.pineal
d.parathyroid
e.Testes
Progesterone is produced by this gland.

Question 71

The adrenal cortex secretion that controls sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys is _____.  

A) cortisol
B) epinephrine
C) aldosterone
D) norepinephrine
E) adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 72

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.adrenal cortex
b.ovary
c.pineal
d.parathyroid
e.Testes
This gland controls circadian rhythms

Question 73

Figure 34.1


Which part of figure above related to :

-hypothalamus

Question 74

When blood glucose is low,__________ is secreted,which calls for the liver to break down glycogen.

Question 75

Figure 34.1


Which part of figure above related to :

-ovaries

Question 76

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.estrogen
b.luteinizing hormone
c.growth hormone
d.oxytocin
e.antidiuretic hormone
The kidneys are the target for this hormone.

Question 77

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.adrenal cortex
b.ovary
c.pineal
d.parathyroid
e.Testes
Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by this gland.

Question 78

All vertebrates have a(n)__________ system of secretory glands and cells.

Question 79

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.adrenal cortex
b.ovary
c.pineal
d.parathyroid
e.Testes
This gland secretes testosterone.

Question 80

Figure 34.1


Which part of figure above related to :

-parathyroid gland