Deck 13: Early Adulthood: Physical, Cognitive, Social and Personality Development

Question 1

Fisher and Pruyne (2003) discovered a sudden rise in brain growth at ages 18 to 21 that primarily involved the ________________ .

Answer 1

frontal cortex

Question 2

According to Hazan and Shaver (1990), which of the following employment experiences are likely to be associated with insecurely attached individuals?

A) Confident in job skills
B) Friendly relations with colleagues; share ideas
C) Comfortable working solo
D) Low to moderate job satisfaction

Answer 2

Low to moderate job satisfaction

Question 3

According to Huston & Vangelisti (1995), when comparing parents and childless couples, in the first two years of marriage a new mother gains ________________ new roles to fill each day. For a childless wife, the number decreases by ________________ role(s).

A) 16; 2
B) 26; 0.5
C) 5; 1
D) 20; 0

Answer 3

26; 0.5

Question 4

According to the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, which of the following was not reported as one of the three key life changes as women progressed from age 22 to age 30?

A) Vocation changes
B) Residential changes
C) Interpersonal changes
D) Parenthood

Question 5

Across Australia in 2005, ________________ percent of Aboriginal young adults were economically inactive (i.e. not employed, even part time, and not studying) as compared with 11 percent of that age group in Australia in general.

A) 30
B) 40
C) 20
D) 10

Question 6

According to Seiffge- Krenke (2006), about 88 percent of German women and 75 percent of German men left home permanently between the ages of ________________ and ________________ .

Question 7

In 2008 the median age at first marriage in Australia was 27.6 years for women and 29.6 years for men. This in contrast to exactly ________________ years younger for both sexes in 1987.

Question 8

Feeney et al.'s (1993) results supported the hypothesis that ________________ influences the nature and quality of early romantic relationships.

Question 9

Flavell (1970) suggested that marriage stimulates adult ________________ through the new challenges, conflicts and pleasures that it brings.

Question 10

Which of the following has an impact on the early career development of young adults?

A) The attitude of society towards higher education
B) The mandatory retirement age
C) Technological changes
D) All of the above

Question 11

Adults with an avoidant attachment style are inclined to immerse themselves so completely in their job that they have little time or energy left over for ________________ .

Question 12

According to Gottman and his colleagues (2002), which of the following best predicted a couple's divorce within the first seven years of marriage?

A) How the couple divided income and household chores.
B) Life stage/transition period.
C) How long the couple had known each other before marriage.
D) The ratio of positive communications to negative ones.

Question 13

Erik Erikson (1968) defined ________________ as the personality dimension that develops out of a successful resolution of the central developmental crisis of early adulthood.

Question 14

According to the ABS, in 1975 ________________ percent of couples lived together before marriage. By 2006 this figure had increased to ________________ percent.

A) 35; 96
B) 21; 83
C) 16; 76
D) 9; 88

Question 15

At every stage in the family life cycle, husbands and wives with ________________ attachment styles were happier with marriage than men and women who had been married for the same number of years but had a(n) ________________ attachment style.

A) anxious- ambivalent; secure
B) secure; avoidant
C) avoidant; anxious- ambivalent
D) None of the above

Question 16

In their investigation into Australian men and women's belief in 'true romance' as a function of their experiences of couplehood, Cunningham and Antill (1981) found that:

A) more married females believed in true love than married males.
B) more dating males believed in true love than married females or cohabitating females.
C) more cohabitating females believed in true love than cohabitating males.
D) more dating males believed in true love than dating females.

Question 17

Charles Nelson et al. (2006) offered three recent examples of the effects of adult neurocognitive growth and plasticity on different areas of psychological functioning and behaviour. Which of the following is not an example of this growth?

A) Motor skills and sporting prowess
B) Reaction time and reflexes
C) Vision and hearing
D) Learning and memory

Question 18

Westbrook and Nordholm (1983) found that women's career attitudes when they first entered tertiary study ________________ to predict their levels of contentment or distress with jobs four years later.

Question 19

According to Traupmann and Hatfield (1981), for couples who stay together, the initial passion is replaced by ________________ love.

Question 20

Which of the following is a developmental prerequisite for adult couple relationships?

A) Understanding of contraception, reproduction and safe sex achieved.
B) Emotional independence from parents.
C) Identity crisis resolved and being implemented.
D) All of the above

Question 21

It is conventional to equate early adulthood with the chronological period from 18 to 30 years of age.

Question 22

According to Feeney (1994), marriages with at least one highly anxious partner are less likely to endure.

Question 23

O'Brien (1985) found that in Australia, studies show that work values account for a large and significant percentage of the variance in job satisfaction.

Question 24

Furstenberg (1976), found that parents who had unrealistically high expectations of how easy it was going to be to care for a child, and who anticipated that developmental gains such as smiling, walking, speaking and being toilet- trained would be made by their baby at far earlier ages than actually happens, adjusted relatively more poorly to parenthood.

Question 25

Hogan (1980) found that those men who had violated the normative sequence (i.e. completed education, then entered a career, then married) had lower earnings than men of equivalent background who had completed these three developmental transitions in the normal order.

Question 26

Kacerguis and Adams (1980) discovered that a young adult's resolution of the occupational aspects of Erikson's identity crisis was a better predictor of future development progress through Erikson's stage system than other identity issues such as the crystallisation of personal values, moral codes and religious beliefs, or the development of a sense of identity as child, friend and future marriage partner.

Question 27

Kurdek (1995) found that lesbian relationships were more egalitarian overall than gay male couple relationships.

Question 28

Cunningham and Antill (1981) propose the possibility of love developing to a higher level, where the 'score- keeping' resulting from a preoccupation with equity gradually disappears.

Question 29

For Australian young adults in 2008, even after graduating from university or TAFE, unemployment is a real possibility. Individuals aged 20 to 24 are almost three times as likely to be unemployed those a decade older.

Question 30

Erik Erikson (1959, 1968) viewed the development of a career identity as an important component of the ________________ over personal identity and self- definition that spans adolescence and early adulthood.

Question 31

The adult brain forms new connections to support highly skilled motor and cognitive performance, explaining the exceptional prowess of well- trained young adult athletes and musicians.

Question 32

According to Erikson's theory, the development of a satisfactory and potentially lasting intimate relationship is not dependent on both partners having previously resolved their identity crisis.

Question 33

Sternberg (1988) described 'romantic love' as an intimate passion with a commitment to a long- term future together.

Question 34

In Australia at present, approximately 16 percent of separations take place within the couple's first year of marriage.

Question 35

When a young adult who has been cohabiting or living with flatmates is forced by circumstances to return to the parental home, it has been associated with high levels of satisfaction and low stress.

Question 36

According to Feeney and colleagues (1994) an ideological preference for traditional marriage approach is growing rapidly among educated young couples in Australia and New Zealand today.