Deck 38: Respiration

Question 1

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the human lungs in the ____.  

A) bronchi
B) alveoli
C) bronchioles
D) trachea
E) glottis

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Figure 38.4


-The most oxygenated blood is indicated by the letter ____.  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The "Adam's apple" is located in the ____.  

A) glottis
B) pharynx
C) trachea
D) larynx
E) bronchus

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The human voice is generated by air moving through the _____.  

A) pharynx
B) glottis
C) epiglottis
D) pleura
E) trachea

Question 5

The accompanying figure illustrates a ____.  

A) book lung
B) tracheal system
C) set of gills
D) microlung
E) circulatory system

Question 6

The glottis is ____ when swallowing and ____ when speaking.  

A) closed; open
B) open; closed
C) rigid; relaxed
D) relaxed; rigid
E) vibrating; closed

Question 7

Branches of a bronchus are known as ____.  

A) larynx
B) bronchi
C) bronchioles
D) trachea
E) pharynx

Question 8

The term "respiration" in animals refers to the ____.  

A) movement of oxygen into an animal only
B) movement of carbon dioxide out of an animal only
C) movement of oxygen into an animal and the movement of carbon dioxide out of the animal
D) binding of oxygen to hemoglobin molecules in the blood
E) diffusion of oxygen across a cell membrane

Question 9

What substance required for aerobic metabolism is supplied to the body cells by respiration?  

A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Hemoglobin
D) Nitrogen
E) Glucose

Question 10

Some aquatic invertebrates,such as lobsters and crabs,have ____,which are filamentous or platelike respiratory organs that increase the surface area available for gas exchange with water.  

A) book lungs
B) a tracheal system
C) gills
D) a siphon
E) villi

Question 11

Paired lungs are characteristic of ____.  

A) spiders
B) all birds
C) all fishes
D) all amphibian life stages
E) all insects

Question 12

Air is continuously forced through tubes that thread through vascularized tissue in a pair of inelastic lungs in _____.  

A) some fish
B) amphibians
C) birds
D) reptiles
E) some small mammals

Question 13

Figure 38.4


-The least oxygenated blood is indicated by the letter ____.  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Respiration in the human body relies on ____.  

A) exocytosis and endocytosis
B) facilitated diffusion
C) osmosis
D) simple diffusion
E) active transport

Question 15

What is the correct sequence of air flow in mammals?  

A) Nasal cavities, larynx, pharynx, bronchi, trachea
B) Nasal cavities, pharynx, bronchi, larynx, trachea
C) Nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
D) Nasal cavities, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi
E) Nasal cavities, bronchi, larynx, trachea, pharynx

Question 16

What is hemoglobin?  

A) A reliable source of oxygen
B) A protein that is colorless when deoxygenated
C) An iron-containing respiratory protein
D) A protein found in invertebrates such as crabs and octopus
E) A by-product of gas exchange

Question 17

Water flow across the gills of fish that maximizes the efficiency of gas exchange is known as _____.
 

A) capillary movement
B) countercurrent exchange
C) deoxygenation
D) pharyngeal movement
E) osmosis

Question 18

What is characteristic of adult frog respiration?  

A) Gills
B) Sucking air into their lungs using chest muscles
C) Countercurrent exchange
D) Drawing in air by lowering their mouth floor
E) Drawing water by inhalation across their gills

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding some insect tracheal systems?  

A) They are associated with the blood circulatory system.
B) They excrete body wastes as well as transport gases.
C) Their spiracles function like stomata in plants, opening for gas exchange and closing to conserve water.
D) The tracheal tubes are continually open in large terrestrial insects.
E) They contain respiratory pigments to enhance oxygen transport.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding hemoglobin?  

A) It is a lipid.
B) It contains iron.
C) It transports oxygen in the blood.
D) It is present in all vertebrates and invertebrates.
E) It is identical to hemocyanin.

Question 21

About _____ of lung cancers occur in smokers.  

A) 20 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 80 percent
E) 1000 percent

Question 22

Figure 38.17

Use the figure above to answer the following question.At what partial pressure of oxygen do half the heme groups in human blood have bound oxygen?  

A) 30 mm Hg
B) 100 mm Hg
C) 70 mm Hg
D) 104 mm Hg
E) 120 mm Hg

Question 23

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.Flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.Detect carbonic acid in artery walls and signal the brain to stimulate faster and deeper breathing
c.Oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.Contains a pair of vocal cords
e.Stimulate faster breathing in dangerous situations
f.Part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.Throat passage behind the mouth
h.One inhalation and one exhalation
i.Connect trachea to lungs
j.Flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.Raise and lower the ribcage
l.Microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium that function in gas exchange
Pharynx

Question 24

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.Flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.Detect carbonic acid in artery walls and signal the brain to stimulate faster and deeper breathing
c.Oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.Contains a pair of vocal cords
e.Stimulate faster breathing in dangerous situations
f.Part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.Throat passage behind the mouth
h.One inhalation and one exhalation
i.Connect trachea to lungs
j.Flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.Raise and lower the ribcage
l.Microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium that function in gas exchange
Alveoli

Question 25

Oxyhemoglobin contains _____.  

A) oxygen bound irreversibly to a heme group
B) carbon dioxide
C) carbonic anhydrase
D) bound oxygen in the absence of a heme group
E) oxygen bound reversibly to a heme group

Question 26

Contraction of the diaphragm ____.  

A) diminishes the volume of the thoracic cavity
B) increases the volume of the thoracic cavity
C) pushes the rib cage downward
D) causes external intercostal muscles to relax
E) decreases lung capacity

Question 27

Which of the following is not associated with pneumonia?  

A) An inhaled allergen
B) Bacteria
C) Virus
D) Fungi
E) Shortness of breath

Question 28

Oxygen moves from alveoli to the bloodstream ____.  

A) because the partial pressure of oxygen is greater in alveoli than in the blood
B) mainly due to the activity of carbonic anhydrase in the red blood cells
C) against a concentration gradient
D) to equal the concentration of CO₂ in the blood
E) by active transport

Question 29

People who smoke both marijuana and tobacco have ____ respiratory problems than tobacco-only smokers.  

A) less
B) more
C) more serious
D) less serious
E) the same amount of

Question 30

Most of the carbon dioxide produced by the body is transported to the lungs ____.  

A) in gaseous form
B) in the lymph system
C) as carbaminohemoglobin
D) in the form of bicarbonate
E) as carbonic acid

Question 31

Which of the following respiratory adaptations evolved independently in several groups of aquatic invertebrates?  

A) Hemocyanin
B) Hemoglobin
C) Tracheal system
D) Gills
E) Book lungs

Question 32

A moist layer of cells across which gases are exchanged between animal cells and the external environment is known as a _____________.  

A) respiration gradient
B) respiratory surface
C) respiration protein
D) respiratory circulation
E) respiration exchange

Question 33

A factor associated with SIDS is ____.  

A) sleep apnea
B) lung cancer
C) high altitude sickness
D) low red blood cell count
E) TB

Question 34

Adaptive mechanisms,such as ____,can help animals live at a high elevation.  

A) carbonic acid
B) narrower blood vessels
C) highly efficient hemoglobin-oxygen binding
D) decreased nitric oxide
E) small efficient lungs

Question 35

Which of the following is an air-filled internal organ found in the mantle cavity of land snails and slugs?  

A) Lung
B) Trachea
C) Gills
D) Spiracle
E) Pore

Question 36

"Rapture of the deep" is characterized by ____.  

A) increased O₂ in the blood
B) altitude sickness
C) excess CO₂ in the blood
D) excess CO in the blood
E) euphoria

Question 37

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.Flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.Detect carbonic acid in artery walls and signal the brain to stimulate faster and deeper breathing
c.Oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.Contains a pair of vocal cords
e.Stimulate faster breathing in dangerous situations
f.Part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.Throat passage behind the mouth
h.One inhalation and one exhalation
i.Connect trachea to lungs
j.Flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.Raise and lower the ribcage
l.Microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium that function in gas exchange
Bronchi

Question 38

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.Flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.Detect carbonic acid in artery walls and signal the brain to stimulate faster and deeper breathing
c.Oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.Contains a pair of vocal cords
e.Stimulate faster breathing in dangerous situations
f.Part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.Throat passage behind the mouth
h.One inhalation and one exhalation
i.Connect trachea to lungs
j.Flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.Raise and lower the ribcage
l.Microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium that function in gas exchange
Larynx

Question 39

Deep-diving animals accomplish their dives through ____.  

A) speeding their heart rate
B) swimming vigorously
C) storing oxygen in muscles and blood
D) binding oxygen to hemocyanin
E) going into a deep sleep

Question 40

Figure 38.15


-What is the partial pressure of oxygen at the start of the systemic capillary beds?  

A) 40 mm Hg
B) 100 mm Hg
C) 70 mm Hg
D) 104 mm Hg
E) 130 mm Hg

Question 41

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
a.Pharynx
b.Larynx
c.Trachea
d.Bronchiole
e.Alveolus
This is the last component of the human lung that air flows into.

Question 42

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.Flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.Detect carbonic acid in artery walls and signal the brain to stimulate faster and deeper breathing
c.Oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.Contains a pair of vocal cords
e.Stimulate faster breathing in dangerous situations
f.Part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.Throat passage behind the mouth
h.One inhalation and one exhalation
i.Connect trachea to lungs
j.Flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.Raise and lower the ribcage
l.Microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium that function in gas exchange
Epiglottis

Question 43

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
a.Pharynx
b.Larynx
c.Trachea
d.Bronchiole
e.Alveolus
Another name for voice box.

Question 44

Which of the following part for:

-Larynx

Question 45

Which of the following part for:

-Intercostal muscles

Question 46

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
a.Pharynx
b.Larynx
c.Trachea
d.Bronchiole
e.Alveolus
Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood circulatory system occurs here.

Question 47

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.Flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.Detect carbonic acid in artery walls and signal the brain to stimulate faster and deeper breathing
c.Oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.Contains a pair of vocal cords
e.Stimulate faster breathing in dangerous situations
f.Part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.Throat passage behind the mouth
h.One inhalation and one exhalation
i.Connect trachea to lungs
j.Flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.Raise and lower the ribcage
l.Microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium that function in gas exchange
Chemoreceptors

Question 48

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.Flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.Detect carbonic acid in artery walls and signal the brain to stimulate faster and deeper breathing
c.Oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.Contains a pair of vocal cords
e.Stimulate faster breathing in dangerous situations
f.Part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.Throat passage behind the mouth
h.One inhalation and one exhalation
i.Connect trachea to lungs
j.Flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.Raise and lower the ribcage
l.Microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium that function in gas exchange
Trachea

Question 49

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.Flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.Detect carbonic acid in artery walls and signal the brain to stimulate faster and deeper breathing
c.Oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.Contains a pair of vocal cords
e.Stimulate faster breathing in dangerous situations
f.Part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.Throat passage behind the mouth
h.One inhalation and one exhalation
i.Connect trachea to lungs
j.Flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.Raise and lower the ribcage
l.Microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium that function in gas exchange
Oxyhemoglobin

Question 50

Which of the following part for:

-Bronchiole

Question 51

Which of the following part for:

-Pleural membrane

Question 52

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.Flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.Detect carbonic acid in artery walls and signal the brain to stimulate faster and deeper breathing
c.Oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.Contains a pair of vocal cords
e.Stimulate faster breathing in dangerous situations
f.Part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.Throat passage behind the mouth
h.One inhalation and one exhalation
i.Connect trachea to lungs
j.Flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.Raise and lower the ribcage
l.Microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium that function in gas exchange
Intercostal muscles

Question 53

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.Flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.Detect carbonic acid in artery walls and signal the brain to stimulate faster and deeper breathing
c.Oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.Contains a pair of vocal cords
e.Stimulate faster breathing in dangerous situations
f.Part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.Throat passage behind the mouth
h.One inhalation and one exhalation
i.Connect trachea to lungs
j.Flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.Raise and lower the ribcage
l.Microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium that function in gas exchange
Medulla oblongata

Question 54

Which of the following part for:

-Diaphragm

Question 55

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.Flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.Detect carbonic acid in artery walls and signal the brain to stimulate faster and deeper breathing
c.Oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.Contains a pair of vocal cords
e.Stimulate faster breathing in dangerous situations
f.Part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.Throat passage behind the mouth
h.One inhalation and one exhalation
i.Connect trachea to lungs
j.Flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.Raise and lower the ribcage
l.Microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium that function in gas exchange
Sympathetic nerves

Question 56

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
a.Pharynx
b.Larynx
c.Trachea
d.Bronchiole
e.Alveolus
Air moves from the nasal cavity into this passageway.

Question 57

Which of the following part for:

-Nasal cavity

Question 58

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.

-CO₂ moves from the alveoli to this component during exhalation.

A)Pharynx
B)Larynx
C)Trachea
D)Bronchiole
E)Alveolus

Question 59

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.Flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.Detect carbonic acid in artery walls and signal the brain to stimulate faster and deeper breathing
c.Oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.Contains a pair of vocal cords
e.Stimulate faster breathing in dangerous situations
f.Part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.Throat passage behind the mouth
h.One inhalation and one exhalation
i.Connect trachea to lungs
j.Flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.Raise and lower the ribcage
l.Microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium that function in gas exchange
Respiratory cycle

Question 60

Which of the following part for:

-Left lung

Question 61

Which of the following part for:

-Epiglottis

Question 62

Which of the following part for:

-Pharynx

Question 63

Respiratory proteins such as __________ in red blood cells and __________ in muscle bind oxygen and help maintain gradients that favor gas exchange.

Question 64

Most CO₂ reacts with water inside red blood cells to form bicarbonate due to the enzymatic activity of __________.

Question 65

Which of the following components of the lung secretes a lubricating substance that allows the lung tissues to separate when inflated?  

A) Bronchial tube
B) Capillary endothelium
C) Basement membranes
D) Respiratory membrane
E) Alveolar epithelium

Question 66

Water flowing over fish gills exchanges gases with blood flowing in the opposite direction inside gill capillaries.This is called __________.

Question 67

If a person is choking,the __________ maneuver can be used to expel food from their trachea.

Question 68

__________,the volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs during one respiratory cycle,is normally far less than __________.

Question 69

Which of the following part for:

-Bronchus

Question 70

What condition stimulates kidney cells to secrete more erythropoietin?  

A) Decompression
B) Narcosis
C) Hypoxia
D) Acclimatization
E) Hemoglobin

Question 71

In mammals,lungs inflate when muscles increase the size of the ______ cavity.

Question 72

Invertebrates on land use __________ or __________ systems for gas exchange.

Question 73

In animals,respiration is a physiological process by which O₂ enters the internal environment and CO₂ leaves by diffusing across a thin,moist __________.

Question 74

Through acclimatization at low high altitude,the body makes long-term adjustments in which of the following?  

A) Cardiac output
B) Hemoglobin
C) Gaseous nitrogen
D) Decompression stability
E) Narcosis

Question 75

Which of the following part for:

-Trachea

Question 76

____ have the most efficient respiratory system of all vertebrates.

Question 77

Contractions of the dome-shaped __________ and the intercostal muscles between the ribs alter the volume of the thoracic cavity during breathing.

Question 78

What substance do the secretory cells in the lung release?  

A) Carbon dioxide
B) Myoglobin
C) Oxyhemoglobin
D) Surfactant
E) Carbonic anhydrase