Deck 7: Preschoolers: Physical, Neurocognitive, Emotional, Intellectual and Social Development in a Nutshell

Question 1

According to Piaget, classification refers to:

A) the ability to group sets of discrete items into a sequential group.
B) the ability to use associativity.
C) the ability to group sets of discrete items into a logical category.
D) the ability to use reversibility.

Answer 1

the ability to group sets of discrete items into a logical category.

Question 2

Siegal (1997), has argued that conversational factors in the standard Piaget testing situations may limit young childrens' capacity to express their genuine understanding of abstract concepts. Which of the following is an example of the potential confusing factors?

A) Confusion over language
B) Fascination with the task
C) Insincerity
D) All of the above

Answer 2

All of the above

Question 3

Piaget's theory of developmental _____________ involves modifying existing conceptual schemes to suit the new information.

Answer 3

accommodation

Question 4

A child's ability to feel and display sympathy towards others in distress typically develops around:

A) 2- 3 years of age.
B) 4- 5 years of age.
C) 6- 7 years of age.
D) 1- 2 years of age.

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding theory of mind?

A) It allows children to understand mental states such as intentions and memories.
B) It develops in typical children from ages four to eight.
C) It has been described as one of the quintessential abilities that makes us human.
D) Both A and C

Question 6

A five- year- old child saying, 'a log floats because it is big', is an example of what form of reasoning?

A) Deductive
B) Transductive
C) Inductive
D) None of the above

Question 7

When placed on the floor together, babies as young _____________ as months may poke each other or engage in a tug- of- war. By _____________ months, children with frequent peer contact show signs of rudimentary cooperation.

Question 8

According to Goodnow et al. (1984), which of the following skills were regarded as expected for a child to develop by American mothers but not by Japanese mothers?

A) To stand up for his/her own rights with others.
B) To get his/her own way by persuading friends.
C) To state his/her own preferences or opinions when asked.
D) All of the above

Question 9

A preschool child's understandings of people's mental states and the influences of thoughts, feelings and intentions on behaviour is referred to as
_____________

Question 10

The failure to understand quantity conservation is a key feature of which of Piaget's stages?

A) Concrete operational stage
B) Sensorimotor period
C) Preoperational period
D) Formal operational stage

Question 11

Which of the following is not a strategy used to memorise lists of difficult or meaningless material?

A) Elaboration
B) Digitising
C) Labelling
D) Organisation

Question 12

_____________ is defined as any operation in the system that has a corresponding opposing operation that cancels or undoes its influence.

Question 13

Which of the following skills is a three- year- old typically capable of?

A) Runs forward easily
B) Can jump about 30 centimetres
C) Hops short distances
D) Both A and B

Question 14

When Piaget analysed the development of conservation understanding, he discovered that in relation to conservation, the understanding of _____________ is mastered earlier than that of _____________ .

Question 15

According to Siegal (1997), _____________ is said to occur during conservation tasks when children who are not sure of the answer change their minds when question wording implies they should.

Question 16

According to an ABS survey, _____________ percent of Australia's children up to the age of 14 years old had been injured seriously enough in the four weeks preceding the survey to require medical attention, as compared to _____________ percent of adults over age 65.

A) 7; 8
B) 6; 18
C) 3; 10
D) 18; 6

Question 17

An accurate understanding of memory and its limitations is known as _____________ .

Question 18

Which of the following cognitive functions are not believed to be lateralised in the right hemisphere?

A) Spatial cognition
B) Music perception
C) Synthetic thinking
D) Using logic

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of creative, constructive play?

A) Washing a doll's hair or feeding a doll with air from an empty bottle, substituting for shampoo or milk.
B) Digging in a sandpit, or tossing and catching a ball.
C) Building a tower of blocks, making a sandcastle, finger painting.
D) All of the above

Question 20

Total brain volume of the grey and white matter combined _____________ between birth and age six.

Question 21

Safety greatly increases for preschoolers as their motor ability and athletic activity develop at the same rate as their cognitive capacities for planning and judging risk.

Question 22

According to research in 2007, approximately 6 percent of Australian preschoolers are clinically obese and a further 15 percent are significantly overweight.

Question 23

Many studies conducted in Australia, Europe and North America over several decades have shown that many individuals with autism never develop a fully functional theory of mind.

Question 24

Typically developing and natively signing children show pronounced _____________ hemisphere dominance of activation and heightened activity in the specific areas of the _____________ hemisphere responsible for language comprehension and production.

Question 25

Piaget argued for treating very early memories with some _____________

Question 26

According to Zaporozhets and Elkonin (1971), children displayed the highest level of memory when involved in peer play.

Question 27

Closure is when the logical and mathematical operations are mentally grouped such that all parts of individual operations are also part of the group.

Question 28

Preoperational children judge things primarily on how they look.

Question 29

Between the ages of nine and 12 years, the lateralisation of language processing and production becomes more pronounced in the average child.

Question 30

According to Peterson (2000), early research showed that children who had siblings developed concepts of false belief ahead of only children, however, after the effects of language ability were statistically controlled these differences disappeared.

Question 31

Recently, researchers have consistently agreed that improvements do occur when the memories of children who initially lack a concrete- operational understanding of tilted liquids are reassessed later on, once concrete operations have developed.

Question 32

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory places less emphasis than Piaget's on variations in cognitive skills in different cultural environments, the value of social interaction for promoting cognitive growth and cross- cultural variation in developmental patterns.

Question 33

On average, healthy children in Australia and New Zealand today gain _____________ to _____________ centimetres in height each year between their second and the sixth birthdays.

Question 34

A typical five- year- old is able to thread a needle.

Question 35

Piaget proposed that children's thought processes could be thrown into disequilibrium by having arguments with peers.

Question 36

Emotional understanding develops along with _____________ emotional during the preschool period.

Question 37

By the age of _____________ most children know their own name, can recognise themselves in photographs and mirrors and can accurately answer the basic gender identity question.

Question 38

Adolescents who remember having imaginary companions during early childhood are found to score significantly higher than their peers on measures of creative achievement in scholastic, artistic and literary fields.

Question 39

Most preschoolers have no difficulty completing a task such as placing sticks in order from smallest to largest.