Deck 18: The End of the Lifespan: Death, Dying and Bereavement in a Nutshell

Question 1

Cultural traditions shape funeral procedures and socially accepted ways of expressing grief. The emotions felt by dying people and their bereaved survivors are likely to be ______________ throughout the world.

Answer 1

similar

Question 2

In 2008, infant deaths accounted for 6 percent of total ______________ deaths, compared with only 0.8 percent of total deaths for the rest of the population.

Answer 2

Indigenous

Question 3

At birth, the life expectancy of Australians of both sexes ranks ______________ in the world.

A) sixth
B) second
C) tenth
D) fifth

Answer 3

sixth

Question 4

The ______________ or ______________ is typically constructed as a legal document that includes information on the kinds of medical treatments the individual wishes to receive, and those that he or she wishes to do without.

Question 5

According to Shanis (1985), the dying person's chance to make effective use of the final period in life depends on three things. Which of the following is not suggested by Shanis?

A) The patient should be free from pain and as alert and intellectually competent as possible.
B) Medical guidance should be adhered to, in an effort to maximise length of survival.
C) The patient and the family should have as much help as necessary to maintain physical health care.
D) The patient should be afforded the opportunity for privacy.

Question 6

In Australia and New Zealand, if the population trends continue as they presently are, there will be a large increase in the demand for professionals to work with the ______________.

Question 7

Regarding terminal illness, Kastenbaum's research suggests that ______________ suffer more from the accompanying pain, dependency and loss of occupational role, whereas ______________ are more worried by the impact that their illness and death will have on the feelings of others.

Question 8

More than ______________ percent of Indigenous Australian men die before their 65th birthday, as compared to only ______________ percent of other Australian men.

A) 65; 15
B) 75; 25
C) 85; 45
D) 70; 20

Question 9

Research contrasting the attitudes and feelings of dying patients in a hospice versus the traditional hospital setting has generally supported the belief that a ______________ environment is superior.

Question 10

People throughout the industrialised world today live almost 1.5 times as long as people in 1840.

Question 11

A large proportion of children under the age of seven believe that dead people can perform ______________ activities.

Question 12

Which of the following is not true of the bargaining stage of the process of dying?

A) The individual is willing to promise almost anything for a temporary extension of life.
B) The individual recognises that to beg for a cure is unrealistic.
C) The bargaining stage is a time for completing unfinished business.
D) All of the above are untrue regarding the bargaining stage.

Question 13

According to Job (1984), ______________ percent of elderly Australians could be classified as death postponers.

Question 14

Speece and Brent (1984) concluded that healthy children gain an awareness of the irreversibility, non- functionality and universality of death between the ages of ______________ and ______________ .

A) three; five
B) seven; ten
C) five; seven
D) six; eight

Question 15

Between the ages of three and five years, a child's concept of death is influenced by preoperational ______________ and magical or wishful thinking.

Question 16

In Japan, it is estimated that a girl born in 2001 has roughly a ______________ percent chance of living to the age of 100 (Smelser and Baltes, 2001).

A) 40
B) 50
C) 10
D) 20

Question 17

Alexander and Lester (1972) found that enthusiasts for the death- defying sport of parachute jumping earn ______________ scores on death anxiety measures as compared to their peers who prefer more cautious recreational pursuits like gardening or lawn bowls.

A) similar
B) higher
C) lower
D) much lower

Question 18

In most infra- human species the ______________ tends to outlive the ______________.

Question 19

According to demographic statistics, which of the following is likely to decrease your lifespan by two years?

A) You are married or cohabiting.
B) You have a university degree.
C) Your income is above the national average.
D) You currently smoke.

Question 20

60- year- old males with wives aged 65 to 70 had a ______________those with wives their own age. percent higher risk of mortality than

A) 40
B) 10
C) 30
D) 20

Question 21

Aboriginal infant mortality has dramatically reduced over the past 50 years but remains higher than for Anglo- Australians.

Question 22

The demands for adjustment and change during the dying process cover a wider terrain than any of the other turning points of life. This is because imminent death impinges on all of an individual's coping mechanisms and social and psychological supports.

Question 23

In a remote Aboriginal community that is still adhering to traditional beliefs and practices, death is a community event, rather than a private and personal affliction applying only to members of the deceased's immediate family.

Question 24

In elderly adults' descriptions of the most distasteful aspect of death, the most common response (23 percent) was that 'The process of dying might be painful'.

Question 25

A man of 60 whose wife is under 45 runs only half the mortality risk of a 60- year- old with similar health and income, who is married to a woman of exactly his own age (Foster, Klinger- Vartabedian and Wispe, 1984).

Question 26

The Australian Bureau of Statistics estimated that life expectancy at birth for Indigenous Australians is 17 years less (for both sexes) than non- Indigenous life expectancy (ABS, 2008).

Question 27

In Australia at present, population projections suggest that the proportion of centenarians will double by the year 2020 (McCormack, 2000).

Question 28

Children are found to have a preliminary understanding of death from at least 18 months of age (Speece and Brent, 1984).

Question 29

Even with the inclusion of religious answers, Brent and Speece (1993) discovered that beliefs in the reversibility of death were more pronounced among adults than among school- age children.

Question 30

Monozygotic twin pairs are less similar to one another than are dizygotic co- twins in their average length of life.