Deck 39: Digestion and Nutrition

Question 1

Figure 39.3C

The storage organ indicated by the letter "C" is called the ____.  

A) mouth
B) crop
C) gizzard
D) rumen
E) cloaca

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is sometimes referred to as an incomplete digestive tract,with only one opening?  

A) A gizzard
B) An intestine
C) A tube-within-a-tube
D) A gastrovascular cavity
E) A muscular pharynx

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A specialization of the stomach that aids in grinding for animals that lack teeth is the ____.  

A) crop
B) rumen
C) cloaca
D) gizzard
E) esophagus

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Preliminary digestion of carbohydrates begins in the _____.  

A) mouth
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) duodenum
E) jejunum

Question 5

Figure 39.3C

The letter "F" indicates the ____.  

A) mouth
B) crop
C) gizzard
D) intestines
E) cloaca

Question 6

Figure 39.7A



-The teeth designated by the letter "B" in the above figure are called ____.  

A) canines
B) premolars
C) incisors
D) molars
E) wisdom teeth

Question 7

Figure 39.10A, B, and C


-A villus is indicated by the letter ____.  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

Food is moved through the digestive system by ____.  

A) sphincters
B) accessory organs
C) smooth muscle contractions
D) movement of villi
E) skeletal muscle contractions

Question 9

An empty stomach increases its secretion of ____ to stimulate the appetite.  

A) pepsinogen
B) ghrelin
C) gastric fluid
D) chyme
E) serosa

Question 10

Which statement about digestion in ruminants is FALSE?

A) Ruminant animals have symbiotic bacteria to aid in the digestion of their food.
B) Food materials are re-chewed.
C) Chewing results in mechanically breaking down food and exposing more cellulose to digestive enzymes.
D) Ruminants have a smaller range of foods in their diet than do humans.
E) Ruminants have a single but disproportionately large stomach chamber.

Question 11

The enzyme that digests protein is ____.  

A) ghrelin
B) chyme
C) pepsin
D) sulfuric acid
E) lipase

Question 12

Which of the following enzymes digests starches?  

A) Pepsin
B) Catalase
C) Amylase
D) Lipase
E) Trypsin

Question 13

What are the smallest projections of the small intestine wall?  

A) Microvilli
B) Cilia
C) Villi
D) Brush border cells
E) Duodena

Question 14

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the human digestive system?  

A) Salivary gland
B) Esophagus
C) Stomach
D) Small intestine
E) Large intestine

Question 15

Contractions of the stomach muscles ____.
 

A) decrease following a heavy meal
B) mix gastric fluid with food to form chyme
C) begin the digestion of protein
D) begin the digestion of lipids
E) close the pyloric sphincter

Question 16

Figure 39.7A



-The teeth designated by the letter "D" in the above figure are called ____.  

A) canines
B) premolars
C) incisors
D) molars
E) wisdom teeth

Question 17

Helicobacter pylori has been associated with ____.  

A) irritable bowel syndrome
B) duodenal ulcers
C) stomach ulcers
D) HPV
E) GERD

Question 18

Figure 39.10A, B, and C


-A blood vessel is indicated by the letter ____.
 

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Figure 39.10A, B, and C


-The structures illustrated in the figure are found in the ____.  

A) mouth
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) small intestine
E) colon

Question 20

Figure 39.9


-The structure designated by the letter "B" in the above figure is called the ____.  

A) pyloric sphincter
B) esophagus
C) small intestine
D) duodenum
E) appendix

Question 21

In addition to being an energy source,fats are used to make _____.  

A) amino acids
B) nucleic acids
C) steroids
D) skin cells
E) carbohydrates

Question 22

The sponge,a colonial protist,digests its food using ______________________.  

A) a saclike gastrovascular cavity
B) phagocytic collar cells and amoeboid cells
C) a single opening through which food enters and wastes leave
D) enzymes secreted by cells lining the gastrovascular cavity
E) a muscular digestive organ that chemically and mechanically breaks down food

Question 23

What is a main source of saturated fatty acids?  

A) Nuts
B) Olive oil
C) Meat
D) Fish
E) Vegetable oil

Question 24

A fat-soluble vitamin that aids in blood clotting is ____.  

A) vitamin C
B) thiamin
C) riboflavin
D) vitamin K
E) folic acid

Question 25

Omnivore teeth are characterized by which of the following statements?  

A) Four types of teeth are equally developed.
B) Reduced canine teeth
C) Premolars with narrow, bladelike surface
D) Reduced number of molars
E) Sharp, pointy incisor teeth

Question 26

Calcium is a mineral that plays an important role in ____.  

A) producing thyroid hormone
B) water balance
C) intercellular signaling in muscles and nerves
D) supporting the hemoglobin molecule
E) maintaining the cell membrane

Question 27

The body opening that serves solely as the exit for wastes from a complete digestive tract is known as the ___________________.  

A) anus
B) cloaca
C) rectum
D) digestive tract
E) digestive cavity

Question 28

Vitamin C ____.  

A) helps blood to clot
B) is needed to make collagen
C) is used to create coenzymes
D) is fat soluble
E) protects cell membranes

Question 29

Lipase is synthesized in the ____.  

A) pancreas
B) small intestine
C) large intestine
D) stomach
E) liver

Question 30

When the production of glucose exceeds what the body needs,it is stored as _____ or used to synthesize fats.  

A) urea
B) bile
C) adipose cells
D) glycogen
E) amylase

Question 31

Constipation can be caused by all of the following except ____.  

A) emotional stress
B) a low-fiber diet
C) a sedentary lifestyle
D) dehydration
E) bacterial infections

Question 32

Bile helps in the digestion of _____.  

A) carbohydrates
B) fats
C) carbohydrates
D) proteins
E) nucleic acids

Question 33

An example of insoluble fiber is ____.  

A) glucose
B) starch
C) cellulose
D) sucrose
E) phospholipids

Question 34

Obese people have a greater risk of four of the following.Which one is the exception?

A) Type 1 diabetes
B) Colon cancer
C) High blood pressure
D) Breast cancer
E) Heart disease

Question 35

What is the cloaca?  

A) The body opening that serves solely as the exit for wastes from a complete digestive tract
B) The second region of the intestine
C) A muscular digestive organ that chemically and mechanically breaks down food
D) The body opening that serves as the exit for digestive and urinary waste; also functions in reproduction
E) The terminal portion of the large intestine

Question 36

Body mass index (BMI)is an indirect measurement of ____.  

A) caloric intake
B) energy utilization
C) basal metabolic weight
D) age
E) body fat

Question 37

Bile is made in the ____.  

A) gall bladder
B) pancreas
C) liver
D) small intestine
E) spleen

Question 38

Nutrient absorption mostly happens in the ____.  

A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) colon
D) pancreas
E) esophagus

Question 39

Water that enters the digestive system is absorbed into body tissues through the ____.  

A) stomach
B) pancreas
C) small intestine
D) lymph vascular system
E) large intestine

Question 40

Which enzymes from the pancreas function in the small intestine to digest proteins?  

A) Amylases
B) Lipases
C) Trypsin and chymotrypsin
D) Bile acids
E) Disaccharidases

Question 41

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.A process that propels material along the digestive tract
b.Ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.Thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.A regurgitated ball of food particles
e.Emulsify fat globules
f.Have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.Interior lining of stomach that secretes gastric fluid
h.Gastric inhibitory peptide
i.Mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.A mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
Sphincter

Question 42

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.Made in the intestinal lining; removes amino acid residues from the ends of peptides
b.Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.Made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.Made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.Made by the small intestine; breaks down two-unit sugars to glucose
f.Made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.Contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.Made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.Stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.Regulates passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
Lipase

Question 43

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.A process that propels material along the digestive tract
b.Ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.Thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.A regurgitated ball of food particles
e.Emulsify fat globules
f.Have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.Interior lining of stomach that secretes gastric fluid
h.Gastric inhibitory peptide
i.Mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.A mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
Cud

Question 44

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.Made in the intestinal lining; removes amino acid residues from the ends of peptides
b.Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.Made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.Made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.Made by the small intestine; breaks down two-unit sugars to glucose
f.Made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.Contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.Made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.Stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.Regulates passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
Disaccharidase

Question 45

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.Stomach
b.Gallbladder
c.Small intestine
d.Appendix
e.Large intestine
Microbes in this organ help ruminants break down cellulose.

Question 46

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.A process that propels material along the digestive tract
b.Ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.Thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.A regurgitated ball of food particles
e.Emulsify fat globules
f.Have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.Interior lining of stomach that secretes gastric fluid
h.Gastric inhibitory peptide
i.Mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.A mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
Ruminants

Question 47

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.A process that propels material along the digestive tract
b.Ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.Thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.A regurgitated ball of food particles
e.Emulsify fat globules
f.Have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.Interior lining of stomach that secretes gastric fluid
h.Gastric inhibitory peptide
i.Mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.A mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
Chyme

Question 48

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.A process that propels material along the digestive tract
b.Ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.Thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.A regurgitated ball of food particles
e.Emulsify fat globules
f.Have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.Interior lining of stomach that secretes gastric fluid
h.Gastric inhibitory peptide
i.Mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.A mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
Peristalsis

Question 49

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.Made in the intestinal lining; removes amino acid residues from the ends of peptides
b.Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.Made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.Made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.Made by the small intestine; breaks down two-unit sugars to glucose
f.Made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.Contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.Made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.Stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.Regulates passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
Bile

Question 50

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.Made in the intestinal lining; removes amino acid residues from the ends of peptides
b.Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.Made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.Made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.Made by the small intestine; breaks down two-unit sugars to glucose
f.Made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.Contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.Made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.Stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.Regulates passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
trypsin

Question 51

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.A process that propels material along the digestive tract
b.Ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.Thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.A regurgitated ball of food particles
e.Emulsify fat globules
f.Have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.Interior lining of stomach that secretes gastric fluid
h.Gastric inhibitory peptide
i.Mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.A mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
Serosa

Question 52

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.Made in the intestinal lining; removes amino acid residues from the ends of peptides
b.Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.Made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.Made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.Made by the small intestine; breaks down two-unit sugars to glucose
f.Made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.Contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.Made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.Stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.Regulates passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
Gastrin

Question 53

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.Made in the intestinal lining; removes amino acid residues from the ends of peptides
b.Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.Made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.Made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.Made by the small intestine; breaks down two-unit sugars to glucose
f.Made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.Contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.Made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.Stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.Regulates passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
Pepsin

Question 54

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.A process that propels material along the digestive tract
b.Ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.Thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.A regurgitated ball of food particles
e.Emulsify fat globules
f.Have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.Interior lining of stomach that secretes gastric fluid
h.Gastric inhibitory peptide
i.Mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.A mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
Bile salts

Question 55

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.Made in the intestinal lining; removes amino acid residues from the ends of peptides
b.Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.Made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.Made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.Made by the small intestine; breaks down two-unit sugars to glucose
f.Made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.Contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.Made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.Stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.Regulates passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
Pyloric sphincter

Question 56

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.Made in the intestinal lining; removes amino acid residues from the ends of peptides
b.Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.Made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.Made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.Made by the small intestine; breaks down two-unit sugars to glucose
f.Made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.Contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.Made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.Stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.Regulates passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
Monosaccharides

Question 57

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.A process that propels material along the digestive tract
b.Ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.Thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.A regurgitated ball of food particles
e.Emulsify fat globules
f.Have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.Interior lining of stomach that secretes gastric fluid
h.Gastric inhibitory peptide
i.Mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.A mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
Gastric fluid

Question 58

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.A process that propels material along the digestive tract
b.Ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.Thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.A regurgitated ball of food particles
e.Emulsify fat globules
f.Have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.Interior lining of stomach that secretes gastric fluid
h.Gastric inhibitory peptide
i.Mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.A mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
Mucosa

Question 59

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.Made in the intestinal lining; removes amino acid residues from the ends of peptides
b.Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.Made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.Made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.Made by the small intestine; breaks down two-unit sugars to glucose
f.Made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.Contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.Made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.Stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.Regulates passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
Amylase

Question 60

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.Made in the intestinal lining; removes amino acid residues from the ends of peptides
b.Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.Made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.Made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.Made by the small intestine; breaks down two-unit sugars to glucose
f.Made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.Contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.Made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.Stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.Regulates passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
Aminopeptidase

Question 61

Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.Salivary gland
b.Stomach mucosa
c.Intestinal mucosa
d.Pancreas
The enzyme pepsin is produced there.

Question 62

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.Stomach
b.Gallbladder
c.Small intestine
d.Appendix
e.Large intestine
Enzymatic digestion of proteins begins in this organ.

Question 63

Figure 39.4

Which of the following part for:

-Esophagus

Question 64

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.
a.Vitamin B1
b.Vitamin B2
c.Niacin
d.Vitamin B6
e.Vitamin B12
This vitamin is a coenzyme involved in protein metabolism and immune function.

Question 65

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.
a.Vitamin B1
b.Vitamin B2
c.Niacin
d.Vitamin B6
e.Vitamin B12
This vitamin functions in carbohydrate metabolism.

Question 66

Figure 39.4

Which of the following part for:

-Pharynx

Question 67

Figure 39.4

Which of the following part for:

-Oral cavity

Question 68

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.
a.Vitamin B1
b.Vitamin B2
c.Niacin
d.Vitamin B6
e.Vitamin B12
A deficiency of this vitamin causes Beri beri.

Question 69

Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.Salivary gland
b.Stomach mucosa
c.Intestinal mucosa
d.Pancreas
Initial digestion of starch is facilitated by its secretions.

Question 70

Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.Salivary gland
b.Stomach mucosa
c.Intestinal mucosa
d.Pancreas
The fat-digesting enzyme,lipase,is formed there.

Question 71

Figure 39.4

Which of the following part for:

-Stomach

Question 72

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.
a.Vitamin B1
b.Vitamin B2
c.Niacin
d.Vitamin B6
e.Vitamin B12
A deficiency of this vitamin causes anemia and neurological disorders and is a coenzyme important in amino acid synthesis.

Question 73

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.Stomach
b.Gallbladder
c.Small intestine
d.Appendix
e.Large intestine
Short tubular projection of the large intestine.

Question 74

Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.Salivary gland
b.Stomach mucosa
c.Intestinal mucosa
d.Pancreas
The enzyme aminopeptidase is produced there.

Question 75

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.Stomach
b.Gallbladder
c.Small intestine
d.Appendix
e.Large intestine
Chemical digestion of food is completed here.

Question 76

Figure 39.4

Which of the following part for:

-Liver

Question 77

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.
a.Vitamin B1
b.Vitamin B2
c.Niacin
d.Vitamin B6
e.Vitamin B12
This vitamin is a component of the coenzyme NAD.

Question 78

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.Stomach
b.Gallbladder
c.Small intestine
d.Appendix
e.Large intestine
Bile salts,bile pigments,cholesterol,and lecithin are stored by this organ.

Question 79

Figure 39.4

Which of the following part for:

-Salivary glands

Question 80

Figure 39.4

Which of the following part for:

-Small intestine