Deck 15: Late Adulthood: Physical, Cognitive, Social and Personality Development in a Nutshell

Question 1

According to Roberto and Stroes (1995), grandparents ________________ have an influence over their grandchildren's religious, political and moral values.

Answer 1

do

Question 2

Peterson (1996) found that the socially acceptable rage for a woman to have her first child was between:

A) from around 20 years old to just over 35 years old.
B) from around 20 years old to just over 40 years old.
C) from around 18 years old to just over 45 years old.
D) from around 16 years old to just over 30 years old.

Answer 2

from around 20 years old to just over 40 years old.

Question 3

The ________________ of the relationship that parents and adult children manage to evolve for themselves after the offspring leave home is likely to be far more important than the _ of contact as a basis for both generations' happiness and psychological well- being.

A) quality; frequency
B) physical distance; length
C) length; type
D) None of the above

Answer 3

quality; frequency

Question 4

In 2006, about ________________ percent of women who became mothers for the first time in Australia were over age 35.

Question 5

In modern society, people over 50 are sometimes called the ________________ because they disproportionately occupy positions of senior leadership, from presidents and prime ministers to high court judges, corporate CEOs and university vice- chancellors.

Question 6

Lehman (1953), found that peak achievements in many disciplines arose around the age of 30. However, there were salient exceptions, particularly in domains like ________________ judgement and ________________ leadership.

Question 7

Fowler's (1981) fourth stage of faith is:

A) synthetic conventional faith.
B) mythic- literal faith.
C) individual reflective faith.
D) intuitive faith.

Question 8

The ________________ approach views inner cognitive conflict as the force driving the continual coordinating, or synthesising, of polarised contradictions.

A) Dialectical
B) Acquisition
C) Schaie
D) Piagetarian

Question 9

According to Erikson (1968), adults who fail to take the crucial developmental step of grappling with the crisis over how to be generative, may find their cognition and personality growth halted by a sense of ________________.

Question 10

Schaie's (2000) ________________ entails surmounting cognitive challenges, driven by a thirst for personal success that can only be gained against long odds or in competition with others.

A) responsible stage
B) legacy- creating stage
C) executive stage
D) achieving stage

Question 11

According to Mitchell and Helson (1990), in terms of the overall pleasure of being alive, the benefits of being over ________________ are likely to outweigh the drawbacks in biological ageing.

A) 40
B) 60
C) 70
D) 50

Question 12

Unlike adolescents in school, mature men and women must solve real life problems demanding ________________ skills.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding older aged high achievers?

A) Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species at the age of 42.
B) Benjamin Franklin helped draft the Declaration of Independence of the United States at age 60 and was 71 when he engineered the diplomatic compromise that brought the US Constitution into being.
C) Marian Hart learned to fly at age 54 and completed a solo transatlantic flight in 1975 at age 84.
D) Golda Meir became Prime Minister of Israel at age 90.

Question 14

In New Zealand, a group of 150 adults aged 18 to 75 were asked when people are at the peak of their accomplishment and have the highest self- respect. New Zealanders of all ages typically named the late 50s as the average age for the former and the early 60s for the latter (Baltes and Staudinger, 2000).

Question 15

For women, ________________ brings the reproductive phase of the lifespan to a close.

Question 16

During the final stages of menopause, many women are troubled by which of the following?

A) Numbness
B) Poor circulation
C) Hot flushes
D) All of the above

Question 17

What percentage of men aged 60-80 with a partner report engaging in sexual intercourse weekly or more often?

A) 30
B) 20
C) 40
D) More than 50

Question 18

Palmore, Fillenbaum and George (1984) examined six longitudinal data sets to explore the consequences of retirement for health, income and social activity. They concluded that little or no change in ________________ could be attributed to retirement per se.

Question 19

The lowering of testosterone levels after the age of ________________ can have an effect on male sexual performance.

Question 20

________________- ________________ describes a tendency for all the adult generations of a
family to pursue similar lifestyles.

Question 21

Schaie (2000) found that there were gains in all cognitive abilities from early adulthood to middle age.

Question 22

Lehman (1953) found that psychologists were at their peak (in terms of achievement) at an older age than any other profession examined.

Question 23

How well a person adjusts to a new lifestyle in late middle age and whether the turning point ushers in psychological growth, stagnation or loss will depend largely on cultural norms rather than the individual's personality.

Question 24

In Indigenous Australians, as among the New Zealand Maori, the ascent to elder status brings with it reduced social status but increased spiritual and cultural responsibilities.

Question 25

Once oestrogen levels in the bloodstream drop to about one half, menstruation ceases and the habitual cyclic ups and downs of the menses are replaced by a steadier hormonal balance.

Question 26

Mitchell and Helson (1990) found that 50- year- olds feel happier, healthier, more proud of themselves and more confident than 30- and 40- year olds and older women in their 60s and 70s.

Question 27

Some grandparents feel that this role makes them feel young again, although others mention how tired they become after a day with a grandchild and relish the luxury, not accorded to parents, of being able to give the child back.

Question 28

Cox (1970) found that for North American families with offspring in their 30s, an uneasy truce is characteristic of the relationship of the younger generation with their parents in more than a third of cases. A sixth of the younger generation are angry and condemning towards their parents and only half of the group genuinely enjoy and value their parents.

Question 29

Despite the relative suddenness and far- reaching hormonal and reproductive consequences of menopause, it has surprisingly little influence on the purely physical side of female sexuality.

Question 30

According to Tinsley and Parke (1987), grandmothers were found to do less caregiving (checking on the infant or changing nappies) and less serious teaching than grandfathers.

Question 31

For men, serious psychological upsets (e.g. divorce or job retrenchment) can boost the production of the stress hormone adrenal cortisone to the point where it interferes with the body's normal manufacture of testosterone.