Deck 34: Medical Nutrition Therapy for Pulmonary Disease

Question 1

Which vitamins are thought to be of particular importance in the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

A) Pyridoxine, niacin, and folate
B) Vitamins A, C, and E
C) Folate, B₁₂, and K
D) Thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin D

Answer 1

B
Explanation: The antioxidant vitamins have been theorized to be beneficial in treating BPD because of their role in maintaining cell membrane integrity. Vitamin A has been reported as beneficial; however, insufficient evidence exists regarding vitamins C and E in relationship to their potential effects.

Question 2

Fluid in the pleural space with a milky appearance is a symptom of

A) chylothorax.
B) respiratory distress syndrome.
C) acute respiratory distress syndrome.
D) asthma.

Answer 2

A
Explanation: Chylothorax is a rare cause of pleural effusion. It is caused by the disruption or obstruction of the thoracic duct, which results in the leakage of chyle (lymphatic fluid of intestinal origin) into the pleural space. The fluid typically has a milky appearance. A pleural fluid triglyceride concentration of more than 110 mg/dl strongly supports the diagnosis of a chylothorax.

Question 3

Which of the following explains why nutritional wasting is commonly seen in patients with COPD?

A) Increased energy expenditure, decreased energy intake, and impaired oxygenation
B) Decreased oxygen consumption and increased energy expenditure
C) Decreased energy expenditure and decreased oxygen consumption
D) Increased oxygen consumption and increased energy intake

Answer 3

A
Explanation: Patients with COPD may experience nutritional wasting because of a combination of factors. Increased energy expenditure occurs because of the increased work undertaken by the respiratory system to breathe. This increase results from the obstruction of airflow. On the other side of the cause is decreased food intake. This is brought on by fatigue and confusion caused by lack of oxygen and the buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true of pulse oximetry?

A) It is a pulmonary function test.
B) It gives information on lung volume.
C) It uses light waves to measure oxygen saturation of arterial blood.
D) It measures the ability of the respiratory system to exchange O₂ and CO₂.

Question 5

Long-term pulmonary improvement requires special monitoring of what in the infant with BPD?

A) Fluid and electrolytes
B) Lipid intake
C) Head circumference
D) Serum albumin

Question 6

The primary cause of aspiration pneumonia is

A) drinking water or other thin liquids.
B) tube feeding at a high rate per hour.
C) weak muscles.
D) excessive lung secretion.

Question 7

Although cigarette smoking is considered a major risk factor for developing COPD, what percentage of smokers develop the disease?

A) 5%
B) 20%
C) 35%
D) 50%

Question 8

What term refers to rapid breathing?

A) Dyspnea
B) Hemoptysis
C) Tachypnea
D) Aspiration

Question 9

What is the effect of pulmonary disease on a patient's energy requirements?

A) Decreased need for energy because of loss of lean body mass
B) Increased need for energy because of increased work of breathing
C) Decreased need for energy because of a lack of physical activity
D) Decreased need for energy because of starvation

Question 10

What pulmonary condition is a common complication of critical illness?

A) Cor pulmonale
B) Emphysema
C) Pneumonia
D) Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Question 11

Which of the following is a disease of bronchial hyperresponsiveness?

A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Emphysema
C) Tuberculosis
D) Asthma

Question 12

Which of the following is a dietary modification needed for treatment of cystic fibrosis?

A) Increased sodium for infants
B) Reduction of fat to less than 20% of calories
C) Increased carbohydrates
D) Additional water-soluble vitamins

Question 13

Which of the following is(are) synthesized in the lungs?

A) Angiotensin I
B) Arachidonic acid
C) Prostaglandins
D) Hemoglobin

Question 14

Which vitamins are most likely to be deficient in a child with cystic fibrosis?

A) Vitamins A, E, and C
B) Water-soluble vitamins and K
C) Vitamins A, D, E, and K
D) Fat-soluble vitamins and B₁₂

Question 15

What is the recommendation for determining energy needs for patients with COPD?

A) Provide 30 to 35 kcal/kg of body weight.
B) Provide 130% to 150% of the BEE.
C) Use indirect calorimetry.
D) Provide the EER.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

A) COPD is rarely caused by chronic bronchitis.
B) COPD can progress to cor pulmonale.
C) COPD leads to emphysema.
D) COPD is not seen in obese patients.

Question 17

What vitamin supplementation may be necessary for patients with tuberculosis?

A) Vitamins C and E
B) Folate and vitamin B₁₂
C) Vitamins B₆ and D
D) Pyridoxine and folate

Question 18

Which of the following recommendations should be made to the parents of an infant who has both BPD and esophageal reflux?

A) Thicken formula with baby cereal.
B) Thin formula with a glucose solution.
C) Feed the infant positioned in the supine position.
D) Delay introduction of baby food until 9 months of age.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy?

A) It is needed to treat all patients with CF.
B) It is needed to treat CF patients with malabsorption.
C) It is provided in approximately the same dosages for all CF patients.
D) It is not used to treat CF patients.

Question 20

Which results from a sweat test indicate that a patient may have CF?

A) Elevated levels of sodium and chloride
B) Decreased levels of sodium and chloride
C) Elevated levels of sodium and potassium
D) Decreased levels of potassium and chloride