Deck 3: Molecules of Life

Question 1

_______,the simplest hydrocarbon,is one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms.  

A) Ketone
B) Methane
C) Amine
D) Phosphate
E) Carboxyl

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which feature is characteristic of all polysaccharides?  

A) Produced by hydrolysis reactions
B) Always branched chains
C) Fructose subunits
D) Only consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
E) Produced by condensation reactions

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Figure 3.7B

The figure above illustrates a ____ reaction that produces one ____ and a ____.  

A) condensation; hydroxyl; polymer
B) condensation; water molecule; polymer
C) cleavage; water molecule; monomer
D) rearrangement; water molecule; polymer
E) rearrangement; hydrogen ion; polymer

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A compound that consists mainly of carbon and hydrogen is known as (a)_____________.  

A) polymer
B) hydrocarbon
C) hydrolyte
D) glucose
E) organic

Question 5

A hydrolysis reaction results in ____.  

A) bond formation of a macromolecule
B) bond breakage of a macromolecule
C) lipid molecule creation
D) nucleic acids creation
E) most macromolecules

Question 6

The versatility of which atoms can be assembled into a wide variety of organic compounds?  

A) Carbon
B) Glucose
C) Hydrocarbon
D) Polymer
E) Starch

Question 7

An -OH group is a(n)____ group.  

A) carboxyl
B) hydroxyl
C) amino
D) methyl
E) carbonyl

Question 8

An -NH₂ group is a(n)____ group.  

A) carboxyl
B) hydroxyl
C) amine
D) methyl
E) carbonyl

Question 9

The sugars in DNA and RNA ____.  

A) have a different number of carbon atoms
B) have the same structural formulas
C) are the two components of sucrose
D) have different numbers of oxygen atoms
E) are disaccharides

Question 10

Cellulose is ____.  

A) a polysaccharide found in cell walls of plants
B) a component of cell membranes
C) an oligosaccharide found in animals
D) formed by hydrolysis of monosaccharides
E) a component of invertebrate exoskeletons

Question 11

A single atom of carbon may form up to ____ covalent bonds with other atoms.  

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
E) six

Question 12

A molecule that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms is called a _______________.  

A) hydrocarbon
B) nucleic acid
C) sugar
D) starch
E) carbon

Question 13

Oligosaccharides include ____.  

A) sucrose only
B) glucose only
C) fructose only
D) lactose only
E) both sucrose and lactose

Question 14

Glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage by ____.  

A) animals
B) plants
C) protists
D) bacteria
E) archaea

Question 15

Sucrose is composed of____.  

A) two molecules of fructose
B) two molecules of glucose
C) a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose
D) a molecule of fructose and a molecule of galactose
E) a monosaccharide and a disaccharide

Question 16

Polysaccharides ____.  

A) are composed of three linked monosaccharides
B) contain only straight monomer chains
C) are always made of glucose molecules
D) may be insoluble and difficult to break down
E) are formed by cleavage reactions

Question 17

Although carbon dioxide contains carbon,it is not considered an "organic" compound because ____.  

A) it is not found in the earth's crust
B) it is not present in living cells
C) the carbon atom is not bonded to at least one hydrogen atom
D) the carbons are not in chains or rings
E) it is too small

Question 18

What groups makes amino acids and fatty acids acidic?  

A) Carbonyl
B) Hydroxyl
C) Ketone
D) Carboxyl
E) Acetyl

Question 19

Which of the following may characterize monosaccharides?  

A) An amino group
B) An amide group
C) A backbone of eight carbon atoms
D) One carbonyl group
E) The presence of glycerol and fatty acids

Question 20

Fructose and glucose are both ____.  

A) six-carbon sugars
B) disaccharides
C) monosaccharides
D) disaccharides and six-carbon sugars
E) monosaccharides and six-carbon sugars

Question 21

What may be a result of the denaturation of proteins?  

A) Formation of hydrogen bonds
B) Loss of three-dimensional structure
C) Removal of R groups from amino acids
D) No change in enzyme activity
E) Formation of covalent bonds

Question 22

Which lipid type does not have fatty acid tails?  

A) Phospholipids
B) Polysaccharides
C) Unsaturated fats
D) Steroids
E) Saturated fats

Question 23

The order of amino acids is the ____ structure of proteins.  

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) stereo

Question 24

Bonds between which groups stabilize the structure of many proteins,including those that make up human hair?  

A) Aldehyde
B) Sulfhydryl
C) Hydroxyl
D) Methyl
E) Carbonyl

Question 25

Lipids ____.  

A) yield less energy per gram than do carbohydrates
B) include cartilage and chitin
C) include fats consisting of three fatty-acid molecules and one glycerol molecule
D) are composed of monosaccharides
E) are only found in animals

Question 26

Cholesterol ____.  

A) has a rigid backbone of four nitrogen rings
B) is the most common steroid in animal tissue
C) is a lipid with a fatty-acid component
D) is needed to inhibit sexual development and maturity
E) is needed to lubricate feathers

Question 27

All steroids have ____.  

A) the same number of double bonds
B) one or more fatty acids
C) four rings of carbon to which other atoms are attached
D) the same functional groups
E) the same number and positions of double bonds

Question 28

The honeycomb made by bees is made up primarily of ____.  

A) carbohydrates
B) nucleotides
C) proteins
D) lipids
E) amino acids

Question 29

The interaction of two or more polypeptide chains in a hemoglobin molecule is its ____ structure.  

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) combined

Question 30

What type of molecule is shown in the accompanying figure?  

A) Saturated fatty acid
B) Unsaturated fatty acid
C) Triglyceride
D) Wax
E) Steroid

Question 31

What is the main function of the molecule shown in the figure above?  

A) Chemical messenger
B) Energy currency
C) Hereditary information
D) Metabolism of fats
E) Protein synthesis

Question 32

Which of the following is found in every nucleotide?  

A) Ribose
B) A single phosphate group
C) A single carbon ring
D) A double nitrogen ring
E) Nitrogen

Question 33

In triglycerides,the ____ loses its ______when its ___group reacts with glycerol.  

A) carboxyl; hydrophobicity; fatty acid
B) glucose; polarity; carbonyl
C) amino acid; pH; amine
D) fatty acid; hydrophilicity; carboxyl
E) amino acids

Question 34

Which type of lipid is composed of long-chain fatty acids attached to long-chain alcohols?  

A) Triglycerides
B) Phospholipids
C) Sterols
D) Waxes
E) Most neutral fats

Question 35

Polyunsaturated fats ____.  

A) have fewer hydrogen atoms than do saturated fats
B) are more characteristic of animal fats than plant fats
C) have no double bonds
D) are solid at room temperature
E) are gas at room temperature

Question 36

Figure 3.20

The figure above shows all of the following components except:  

A) ribose
B) deoxyribose
C) triphosphate
D) adenosine
E) amine

Question 37

Figure 3.11 B

What are the arrows pointing to in the accompanying figure?  

A) Double ionic bonds
B) Single ionic bonds
C) Double covalent bonds
D) Single covalent bonds
E) Hydrogen bonds

Question 38

What kind of bonds link amino acids to form the basic sequence of a protein?  

A) Disulfide
B) Hydrogen
C) Ionic
D) Peptide
E) Noncovalent

Question 39

Steroids ____.  

A) have no fatty-acid component
B) consist of three rings
C) have the same type of functional groups attached to them
D) are a specialized type of wax
E) are a specialized type of phospholipid

Question 40

A helix is one possible ____ structure of ____.  

A) primary; proteins
B) primary; carbohydrates
C) primary; lipids
D) secondary; nucleic acids
E) tertiary; proteins

Question 41

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.


-The basic unit of proteins

A)Amino acid
B)Glucose
C)Carboxyl head
D)Fatty acid tail
E)Nucleotide

Question 42

Which molecule is incorrectly matched with its monomer?  

A) Fat; fatty acid
B) Starch; fructose
C) Protein; amino acid
D) Cellulose; glucose
E) Nucleic acids; nucleotide

Question 43

Simple sugar converts from a straight-chain into a ring form when the __________ group combines with a hydroxyl group.  

A) aldehyde
B) sulfhydryl
C) amine
D) carbonyl
E) methyl

Question 44

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.


-The basic unit of DNA

A)Amino acid
B)Glucose
C)Carboxyl head
D)Fatty acid tail
E)Nucleotide

Question 45

Classification. The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.

-The group that makes lipid head's hydrophilic

A)-COOH
B)-CH₃
C)-NH₂
D)-OH
E)
F)-PO₄-
G)-CHO

Question 46

Classification. The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.

-The aldehyde group in simple sugars

A)-COOH
B)-CH₃
C)-NH₂
D)-OH
E)
F)-PO₄-
G)-CHO

Question 47

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
a.A six-carbon sugar
b.Found in DNA and RNA
c.Principal components of cell membranes
d.Affect metabolic reaction rates
Nucleotides

Question 48

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.


-The monomers of a polypeptide chain

A)Amino acid
B)Glucose
C)Carboxyl head
D)Fatty acid tail
E)Nucleotide

Question 49

Classification. The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.

-The methyl group

A)-COOH
B)-CH₃
C)-NH₂
D)-OH
E)
F)-PO₄-
G)-CHO

Question 50

Classification. The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.

-The carbonyl group of simple sugars

A)-COOH
B)-CH₃
C)-NH₂
D)-OH
E)
F)-PO₄-
G)-CHO

Question 51

Classification. The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.

-The amine group

A)-COOH
B)-CH₃
C)-NH₂
D)-OH
E)
F)-PO₄-
G)-CHO

Question 52

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
a.A six-carbon sugar
b.Found in DNA and RNA
c.Principal components of cell membranes
d.Affect metabolic reaction rates
Enzymes

Question 53

Classification. The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.

-The group on the carboxyl-terminal end of proteins

A)-COOH
B)-CH₃
C)-NH₂
D)-OH
E)
F)-PO₄-
G)-CHO

Question 54

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
a.A six-carbon sugar
b.Found in DNA and RNA
c.Principal components of cell membranes
d.Affect metabolic reaction rates
Phospholipids

Question 55

Classification. The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.

-The group typical of energy carriers such as ATP

A)-COOH
B)-CH₃
C)-NH₂
D)-OH
E)
F)-PO₄-
G)-CHO

Question 56

Classification. The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.

-The group that is acidic

A)-COOH
B)-CH₃
C)-NH₂
D)-OH
E)
F)-PO₄-
G)-CHO

Question 57

Classification. The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.

-Fatty acid "head"

A)-COOH
B)-CH₃
C)-NH₂
D)-OH
E)
F)-PO₄-
G)-CHO

Question 58

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.


-The basic unit of RNA

A)Amino acid
B)Glucose
C)Carboxyl head
D)Fatty acid tail
E)Nucleotide

Question 59

Classification. The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.

-Found in alcohols and sugars

A)-COOH
B)-CH₃
C)-NH₂
D)-OH
E)
F)-PO₄-
G)-CHO

Question 60

Classification. The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.

-The group on the amino-terminal end of proteins

A)-COOH
B)-CH₃
C)-NH₂
D)-OH
E)
F)-PO₄-
G)-CHO

Question 61

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.


-The hydrophilic component of a type of lipid

A)Amino acid
B)Glucose
C)Carboxyl head
D)Fatty acid tail
E)Nucleotide

Question 62

Match the molecules below with their functions.



-Precursor for important molecules such as bile salts

A)Glycogen
B)Cellulose
C)Starch
D)Phospholipid
E)Wax
F)Steroid
G)Cholesterol
H)DNA
I)RNA

Question 63

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.


-The hydrophobic component of a type of lipid

A)Amino acid
B)Glucose
C)Carboxyl head
D)Fatty acid tail
E)Nucleotide

Question 64

Choose the monomer corresponding to the polymer stated.


-Triglyceride

A)Glucose
B)Nucleotide
C)Fatty acid
D)Amino acid

Question 65

Match the molecules below with their functions.



-Main storage carbohydrate in animals

A)Glycogen
B)Cellulose
C)Starch
D)Phospholipid
E)Wax
F)Steroid
G)Cholesterol
H)DNA
I)RNA

Question 66

Match the molecules below with their functions.



-Active role in protein synthesis

A)Glycogen
B)Cellulose
C)Starch
D)Phospholipid
E)Wax
F)Steroid
G)Cholesterol
H)DNA
I)RNA

Question 67

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.


-The basic unit of cellulose

A)Amino acid
B)Glucose
C)Carboxyl head
D)Fatty acid tail
E)Nucleotide

Question 68

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.


-The basic unit of glycogen

A)Amino acid
B)Glucose
C)Carboxyl head
D)Fatty acid tail
E)Nucleotide

Question 69

Match the molecules below with their functions.



-Responsible for sexual development

A)Glycogen
B)Cellulose
C)Starch
D)Phospholipid
E)Wax
F)Steroid
G)Cholesterol
H)DNA
I)RNA

Question 70

Which two units combine in various ways to form lipids?

A) a and b
B) a and c
C) b and c
D) b and d
E) c and d

Question 71

Match the molecules below with their functions.



-Waterproofs biological structures

A)Glycogen
B)Cellulose
C)Starch
D)Phospholipid
E)Wax
F)Steroid
G)Cholesterol
H)DNA
I)RNA

Question 72

Match the molecules below with their functions.



-Contains information to build a new cell

A)Glycogen
B)Cellulose
C)Starch
D)Phospholipid
E)Wax
F)Steroid
G)Cholesterol
H)DNA
I)RNA

Question 73

Choose the monomer corresponding to the polymer stated.


-DNA

A)Glucose
B)Nucleotide
C)Fatty acid
D)Amino acid

Question 74

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.


-The basic unit of starch

A)Amino acid
B)Glucose
C)Carboxyl head
D)Fatty acid tail
E)Nucleotide

Question 75

Match the molecules below with their functions.



-Main storage carbohydrate in plants

A)Glycogen
B)Cellulose
C)Starch
D)Phospholipid
E)Wax
F)Steroid
G)Cholesterol
H)DNA
I)RNA

Question 76

Match the molecules below with their functions.



-Main component of cell membranes

A)Glycogen
B)Cellulose
C)Starch
D)Phospholipid
E)Wax
F)Steroid
G)Cholesterol
H)DNA
I)RNA

Question 77

Match the molecules below with their functions.



-The main component of plant cell walls

A)Glycogen
B)Cellulose
C)Starch
D)Phospholipid
E)Wax
F)Steroid
G)Cholesterol
H)DNA
I)RNA

Question 78

Choose the monomer corresponding to the polymer stated.


-Hemoglobin

A)Glucose
B)Nucleotide
C)Fatty acid
D)Amino acid

Question 79

A(n)_____________________ is a term given to a macromolecule (large molecule)made up of individual subunits.

Question 80

Choose the monomer corresponding to the polymer stated.


-Glycogen

A)Glucose
B)Nucleotide
C)Fatty acid
D)Amino acid