Question 1

Home-delivered meals provided for under the Older Americans Act nutrition program are administered by what agency?&#10;A) USDA&#10;B) USDHHS&#10;C) ALF&#10;D) CMS

Accepted Answer

In the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Agency on Aging administers a network of local agencies to provide both home-delivered and congregate meals for elderly adults. This is the only food assistance program through USDHHS. All other food assistance programs are provided through the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Assisted-living facilities are residential programs that provide access to supportive health care to older residents. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services provide health care services but no food assistance.

Question 2

Which changes are associated with the normal process of aging?&#10;A) Loss of lean body mass, decreased metabolic rate, and decreased function&#10;B) Loss of lean body mass, increased metabolic rate, and increased physical activity&#10;C) Increased lean body mass, increased metabolic rate, and increased physical activity&#10;D) Increased muscle strength and function

Accepted Answer

As lean body mass decreases, the loss of muscle mass results in decreased strength, function, and metabolic rate. Sarcopenia occurs more rapidly in people with limited physical activity; therefore, elderly adults who are also obese tend to be less active and retain excessive adipose tissue.

Question 3

Why does constipation occur in elderly adults?&#10;A) Increased motility in the small intestine&#10;B) Decreased motility in the small intestine&#10;C) Increased motility in the large intestine&#10;D) Decreased motility in the large intestine

Accepted Answer

Constipation involves a reduction of bowel movements, and one potential reason is a decrease in the motility in the large intestine. The longer intestinal contents remain in the colon, the more water is absorbed and the harder the stool is to transit and eliminate. Delayed transit time, medications, and reduced stimulation of the gut through reduced physical activity all contribute to the development of constipation.

Question 4

Which of the following can result from atrophic gastritis associated with aging? A) Decreased calcium and nonheme iron absorption B) Diminished absorption of vitamin B₁₂ C) Decreased absorption of carbohydrates D) Increased intestinal transit time

Accepted Answer

When the gastric mucosa atrophies, there is a reduction in the secretion of intrinsic factor. This is necessary to promote the absorption of vitamin B₁₂ from dietary sources. Reduced acid production also affects the absorption of nonheme iron but not necessarily calcium. The acid is also needed for the denaturation of protein.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of The Dining Practice Standards?&#10;A) Are guidelines for long-term care dining&#10;B) Recommend against canned nutrition supplements&#10;C) They encourage strict dietary control for diabetes and heart disease&#10;D) They are endorsed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid

Accepted Answer

The Dining Practice Standards were developed by a multidisciplinary group who wanted to improve the dining experience and nutritional care for elders living in long-term care. They were endorsed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid. The standards promote person-centered care, liberalized diets, and food first with less reliance on canned supplements.

Question 6

Which of the following theories of aging is a predetermination theory?&#10;A) Genetic theory&#10;B) Wear and tear theory&#10;C) Free radical theory&#10;D) Somatic mutation theory

Accepted Answer

Predetermination theories of aging focus on a built-in mechanism that determines when aging and death will occur. The genetic theory explains that life span is determined by heredity, and thus this falls into the predetermination theory category. Another class of theories is the accumulated damage theories. These describe aging as a process in which the body's systems break down over time because of damage. Wear and tear, free radical, and somatic mutation theories identify different ideas behind how this damage occurs.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the four syndromes known to be predictive of adverse outcomes in older adults?&#10;A) Depression&#10;B) Diabetes&#10;C) Cognitive impairment&#10;D) Malnutrition

Accepted Answer

The four syndromes known to be predictive of adverse outcomes in older adults that are prevalent in patients with frailty (known as failure to thrive) include impaired physical functioning, malnutrition, depression, and cognitive impairment.

Question 8

What is dysgeusia?&#10;A) Diminished sense of smell&#10;B) Loss of sense of taste&#10;C) Dry mouth from decreased salivation&#10;D) Result of hypochlorhydria

Accepted Answer

Some change in the sense of taste is associated with aging; however, a total loss of taste sensation more often is associated with the use of medications, diseases of the kidney or liver, diabetes, hypertension, head injury, neurologic conditions, and zinc or niacin deficiencies. Hyposmia is a diminished sense of smell and can contribute to a reduced taste sensation. Xerostomia is dry mouth. A reduction in hydrochloric acid production in the stomach can result in nutrient malabsorption.

Question 9

The Omnibus Reconciliation Act (OBRA)&#10;A) is aimed at assisted living facilities.&#10;B) pays for dietitian consults for those older than 65 years of age.&#10;C) is reform legislation aimed at improving skilled nursing care.&#10;D) is reform legislation aimed at congregate meal sites.

Accepted Answer

In 1987, Congress passed OBRA to improve quality of care in skilled nursing facilities by strengthening standards. It does not apply to assisted living facilities or congregate meal sites. Although the legislation requires that nutritional assessments be done periodically, it does not directly pay for dietitian services.

Question 10

A supercentenarian is&#10;A) a woman who is currently 65 years of age who is expected to live to be 100 years old.&#10;B) someone born today who can expect to live to be 100 years old or older.&#10;C) someone who is 100 years old or older with no disease.&#10;D) someone older than 110 years.

Accepted Answer

A supercentenarian is a new group of individuals identified to be older than 110 years of age. This population is now big enough to warrant research.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about elderly adults is FALSE?&#10;A) Among the oldest old, there are more women than men.&#10;B) More elderly men than women are married.&#10;C) Most elderly live in nursing homes.&#10;D) The life expectancy of older adults is greater than it was 100 years ago.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about elderly...

Question 12

A 70-kg man with a Stage 4 pressure ulcer needs ___________ g/day of protein and __________ kcal/day.&#10;A) 84; 2100&#10;B) 70; 2800&#10;C) 105; 2450&#10;D) 140; 2100

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 70-kg man with a Stage 4...

Question 13

Nutrition screening using the BMI as an indicator&#10;A) is the best indicator for those 85 years of age and older.&#10;B) may not be accurate because of body composition changes in elderly adults.&#10;C) is better than using mid-arm muscle circumference.&#10;D) is not part of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nutrition screening using the BMI as an...

Question 14

In Medicare benefits, for which of the following are MNT services NOT included?&#10;A) Preventive services&#10;B) Cancer&#10;C) Diabetes&#10;D) Preend-stage kidney disease

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Medicare benefits, for which of the...

Question 15

Which of the following theories of aging is an accumulated damage theory?&#10;A) Rate of living theory&#10;B) Pacemaker theory&#10;C) Immune system theory&#10;D) Cross-link theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following theories of aging...

Question 16

Increased intake of which nutrient may be required in a patient who has pressure ulcers? A) Water B) Vitamin B₁₂ C) Protein D) Potassium

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increased intake of which nutrient may be...

Question 17

How would a pressure ulcer be classified if it involves a partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis and dermis, presenting as an abrasion or shallow crater?&#10;A) Stage 1&#10;B) Stage 2&#10;C) Stage 3&#10;D) Stage 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would a pressure ulcer be classified...

Question 18

The 2010 health care reform legislation expands Medicare to include&#10;A) an annual wellness visit.&#10;B) education and counseling.&#10;C) expanded coverage for reimbursement for dietitians.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The 2010 health care reform legislation expands...

Question 19

Presbycusis is&#10;A) inability to swallow.&#10;B) loss of sense of taste.&#10;C) hearing loss.&#10;D) lack of dentition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Presbycusis is&#10;A) inability to swallow.&#10;B) loss of...

Deck 20: Nutrition in Aging