Deck 29: Digestive System and Pathologies

Question 1

Which term means the fingerlike projections in the lining of the small intestine that house blood and lymph vessels?

A) Villi
B) Cilia
C) Rugae
D) Flagella

Answer 1

A
Explanation: The walls of the small intestine have circular folds called plicae circulares that are lined with numerous fingerlike projections called villi. Each villus contains a blood capillary and a lymphatic capillary called a lacteal.

Question 2

What do the chief cells in the stomach's lining secrete?

A) Bile
B) Pepsin
C) Salivary amylase
D) Hydrochloric acid

Answer 2

B
Explanation: Pepsin, an enzyme secreted by chief cells, digests proteins.

Question 3

Which structure is a J-shaped saclike organ located between the esophagus and the small intestine?

A) Pharynx
B) Stomach
C) Pancreas
D) Gallbladder

Answer 3

B
Explanation: The stomach is a J-shaped saclike organ located between the esophagus and the small intestine. The stomach is essentially an enlargement of the GI tract bound at both ends by sphincters, and serves as an expandable food storage tank.

Question 4

Which term means swallowing?

A) Peristalsis
B) Deglutition
C) Mastication
D) Diaphoresis

Question 5

Which structure aids in the transport of food and liquids from the pharynx to the stomach?

A) Trachea
B) Pharynx
C) Esophagus
D) Duodenum

Question 6

Which term means a small round mass of food?

A) Villus
B) Bolus
C) Chyme
D) Sphincter

Question 7

What do the parietal cells in the stomach's lining secrete?

A) Bile
B) Pepsin
C) Salivary amylase and lingual lipase
D) Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

Question 8

Which term means the semiliquid substance churned by the stomach?

A) Bolus
B) Saliva
C) Chyme
D) Sphincter

Question 9

What is the pyloric sphincter located between?

A) Esophagus and stomach
B) Stomach and small intestine
C) Small intestine and large intestine
D) Large intestine and the outside of the body

Question 10

Which process is mixing and propulsion movements?

A) Peristalsis
B) Deglutition
C) Mastication
D) Diaphoresis

Question 11

Which substance breaks lipids down into glycerol and fatty acids?

A) Pepsin
B) Gastrin
C) Lingual lipase
D) Salivary amylase

Question 12

Which term refers to the large flat folded serous membrane within the abdominal cavity?

A) Perineum
B) Periosteum
C) Peritoneum
D) Pericardium

Question 13

Which structure is the first portion of the gastrointestinal tract?

A) Oral cavity
B) Nasal cavity
C) Pharynx
D) Esophagus

Question 14

What percentage of absorption occurs in the length of the small intestine?

A) 10%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 90%

Question 15

Which substance breaks down carbohydrates?

A) Pepsin
B) Gastrin
C) Lingual lipase
D) Salivary amylase

Question 16

Which term means a ring of muscle that remains contracted to close or guard an opening?

A) Villus
B) Bolus
C) Chyme
D) Sphincter

Question 17

Which functions does the digestive system perform?

A) Ingestion, absorption, secretion, and defecation
B) Production of heat, maintenance of posture, and production of movement
C) Gas exchange, olfaction, sound production, and homeostasis
D) Regulation of the reproductive process and helping the body adapt during stress

Question 18

Where do ducts from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas enter the intestines?

A) Ileum
B) Cecum
C) Jejunum
D) Duodenum

Question 19

Which section of the peritoneum contains significant amounts of fat, and resembles an apron?

A) Mesentery
B) Mesocolon
C) Lesser omentum
D) Greater omentum

Question 20

What is the first section of the small intestine called?

A) Ileum
B) Cecum
C) Jejunum
D) Duodenum

Question 21

Which condition involves inflammation of the large intestine?

A) Cirrhosis
B) Hepatitis
C) Ulcerative colitis
D) Peptic ulcer disease

Question 22

Which condition is a progressive liver disease in which destroyed cells are replaced by scar tissue?

A) Ulcerative colitis
B) Cirrhosis
C) Crohn disease
D) Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 23

Which term refers to frequent passing of unformed, loose, watery stools?

A) Ulcer
B) Diarrhea
C) Colitis
D) Constipation

Question 24

What is the ileocecal sphincter located between?

A) Esophagus and stomach
B) Stomach and small intestine
C) Small intestine and large intestine
D) Large intestine and the outside of the body

Question 25

Which condition involves periodic regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus?

A) Cirrhosis
B) Crohn disease
C) Ulcerative colitis
D) Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 26

Maltase, sucrase and lactase digest which type of nutrient?

A) Vitamin
B) Lipid
C) Protein
D) Carbohydrate

Question 27

Which part of the colon connects to the rectum?

A) Transverse
B) Ascending
C) Sigmoid
D) Descending

Question 28

What substances does the large intestine absorb?

A) Fats and lipids
B) Proteins and peptides
C) Water and electrolytes
D) Carbohydrates and starches

Question 29

Which structure stores and concentrates bile?

A) Spleen
B) Pancreas
C) Stomach
D) Gallbladder

Question 30

Which substance does the liver secrete?

A) Bile
B) Lipase
C) Pepsin
D) Trypsin

Question 31

Which term refers to the pouches in the large intestine formed by the taeniae coli appearance?

A) Villi
B) Haustra
C) Microvilli
D) Plicae circulares

Question 32

Which section of the large intestine is a blind pouch located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen?

A) Ileum
B) Cecum
C) Rectum
D) Haustra

Question 33

Which term refers to infrequent or difficult passing of stools?

A) Ulcer
B) Diarrhea
C) Colitis
D) Constipation

Question 34

Which condition is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that most commonly affects the beginning of the large intestine and end of the small intestine?

A) Gallstones
B) Crohn disease
C) Ulcerative colitis
D) Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 35

Which nutrients do trypsin and chymotrypsin from the pancreas digest?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Lipids
D) Minerals

Question 36

Which condition involves damaged areas of the gastrointestinal mucosa that are exposed to acidic gastric juice?

A) Cirrhosis
B) Hepatitis
C) Crohn disease
D) Peptic ulcer disease

Question 37

Where can gallstones become lodged?

A) Appendix
B) Cystic duct
C) Pancreatic duct
D) Cecum

Question 38

Which condition is characterized by abnormal muscular contractions of the colon?

A) Gallstones
B) Hepatitis
C) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
D) Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 39

The vermiform appendix is suspended from the inferior portion of which structure?

A) Ileum
B) Cecum
C) Rectum
D) Haustra

Question 40

Which term means inflammation of the liver?

A) Cystitis
B) Hepatitis
C) Sarcoidosis
D) Crohn disease