Deck 11: How Cells Reproduce

Question 1

Which process is absolutely necessary for asexual cellular reproduction to occur in eukaryotes?  

A) Prokaryotic fission
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis
D) Doubling of chromosomal number in descendent cells
E) Growth factor activation

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The spindle apparatus is composed of ____________________.  

A) Golgi bodies
B) microtubules
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) nucleoprotein
E) chromatids

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In mitosis,if a parent cell has 16 chromosomes,each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?  

A) 64
B) 32
C) 16
D) 8
E) 4

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following does not result from mitosis?  

A) A pair of identical twins
B) Rooted plant cuttings from a parent plant
C) The formation of sperm and egg cells
D) Two new descendent cells each with a full complement of identical DNA
E) New skin from damaged tissue

Question 5

DNA doubles ________________.  

A) before mitosis
B) immediately before prophase of mitosis
C) during prophase of mitosis
D) during metaphase of mitosis
E) at any time during cell division

Question 6

Contractile rings are made of cytoskeletal elements reorganized from the ______.  

A) cell cortex
B) microfilaments
C) motor proteins
D) cleavage furrow
E) cell plate

Question 7

DNA is replicated during ______________________.  

A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) interphase
D) prophase
E) telophase

Question 8

Figure 11.2

In the depiction of the cell cycle in the figure above,what does step 2 represent?  

A) A pair of homologous chromosomes in G1
B) Two chromosomes in anaphase
C) A pair of duplicated homologous chromosomes after G1
D) The entire genome of the organism
E) A chromosome in telophase

Question 9

Which statement is TRUE about mitosis in animal cells?  

A) The location of the centromere is the same for each chromosome.
B) Spindle poles originate next to each other in the cytoplasm.
C) The spindle apparatus is composed of actin protein molecules.
D) Chromosomes arriving at each spindle mark the beginning of telophase.
E) Sister chromatids stay connected through anaphase.

Question 10

Strictly speaking,mitosis _______________.  

A) divides the nucleus and doubles the chromosomal number in the progeny cells
B) divides the cytoplasm and doubles the chromosomal number in the progeny cells
C) divides the chromosomes within the nucleus into two haploid sets
D) divides the nucleus and maintains the chromosomal number in the progeny cells
E) maintains the structure of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and chromosomes

Question 11

Chromosomes are copied during what stage of the cell cycle?  

A) M
B) D
C) G1
D) G2
E) S

Question 12

Which of the following is associated with mitosis?  

A) Fertilization
B) Body cells
C) Sexual reproduction
D) Sperm and egg
E) Germ cells

Question 13

The interval stage before the onset of DNA replication is called the ____________________.  

A) G1 stage
B) G2 stage
C) M stage
D) S stage
E) G3 stage

Question 14

What do the mutations that are inherited by the cell's descendants initially form?  

A) Cancer
B) Tumor
C) Proto-oncogenes
D) Neoplasm
E) Oncogene

Question 15

Which of the following statements is TRUE?  

A) Once a person reaches maturity, cell division stops except to repair wounds.
B) Cell division in an adult signifies cancer.
C) Select cells throughout the body retain the ability to divide and replace themselves.
D) Cells making up a multicellular individual are not considered to be individually "alive."
E) All cells retain the ability to divide even after the organism reaches maturity.

Question 16

The number of DNA molecules in a duplicated chromosome is _________________.  

A) one
B) undetermined
C) half that of an unduplicated chromosome
D) two
E) four

Question 17

The region of noncoding DNA at the end of a chromosome and proteins that bind to it,protecting the chromosome from end damage.  

A) Telomere
B) Centromere
C) Chromosomal furrow
D) Cytokinetic region
E) Chromosomal plate

Question 18

Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called ____ chromatids.  

A) mother
B) daughter
C) sister
D) programmed
E) either mother or daughter

Question 19

Homologous chromosomes have ___________.  

A) the same length but differing genes
B) the same shape but differing genes
C) the same genes but differing shapes
D) the same genes but differing lengths
E) the same length, shape, and genes

Question 20

Some tumor-causing mutations increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate cell division.Genes in which such mutations occur are called _______.  

A) chromatids
B) cancer genes
C) metastastatic genes
D) proto-oncogenes
E) neoplasmic genes

Question 21

Mitosis comes from the Greek word "mitos," which means ____________.  

A) to divide
B) to grow
C) to swell
D) thread
E) to shrink

Question 22

Spindles are ___.  

A) permanent cell structures
B) present throughout every step of mitosis
C) present during interphase
D) mainly composed of microtubules
E) all identical

Question 23

The chromosomes are aligned midway between spindle poles during _______________.  

A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) interphase
D) prophase
E) telophase

Question 24

Which of the following is true about the enzyme telomerase?  

A) It can re-establish telomere length.
B) It is found only in adult cells.
C) It is responsible for telomere shortening.
D) It may speed up the aging process.
E) It is expressed at low levels in cancer cells.

Question 25

Which of the following is the proper sequence for mitosis? I.Metaphase
II)Telophase
III)Prophase
IV)Anaphase
 

A) I, III, IV, II
B) I, II, III, IV
C) III, I, IV, II
D) IV, I, III, II
E) III, IV, I, II

Question 26

Cancer cells ____.  

A) have normal plasma membranes
B) have an increased ability to attach to other cells
C) divide slowly to produce low densities of cells
D) show an amplified reliance on ATP formation by fermentation
E) are all malignant

Question 27

When cells are not responding to normal controls over growth and division,they form a tissue mass known as a _____________.  

A) metastasis
B) malignancy
C) tumor
D) carcinogen
E) nucleosome

Question 28

Dolly,the cloned sheep,had telomeres that ___________________.  

A) were unusually short
B) were unusually long
C) became longer with each cell division
D) did not change in length
E) were perfectly normal

Question 29

The nuclear membrane re-forms during _____________.  

A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) interphase
D) prophase
E) telophase

Question 30

Figure 11.3

The cell in panel 3 in the figure is in ___.  

A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) interphase
D) prophase
E) telophase

Question 31

Which virus causes a cell to produce proteins that bind to tumor suppressors and prevent them from working?  

A) Human papillomavirus
B) Human immunodeficiency virus
C) Rhinovirus
D) Bacteriophage
E) Hepatitis C virus

Question 32

Which of the following is typical of cancer cells?  

A) Products of oncogenes inhibit mitosis.
B) Benign tumors invade normal tissue.
C) Malignant cells migrate.
D) Cancer cells lose the ability to divide.
E) The parent cell of the tumor contains a single mutation in a single checkpoint gene.

Question 33

Which of the following is true of telomeres?  

A) They have the sequence ATAGGG.
B) They are at in the middle of chromosomes.
C) Their sequence can change.
D) They shorten with each round of cell replication.
E) They have the sequence ATAGTG.

Question 34

During which phase does DNA replication stop and the DNA begin to appear grainy and start to condense?  

A) Interphase
B) Early prophase
C) Prophase
D) Anaphase
E) Early anaphase

Question 35

The division of cytoplasm is accomplished during ____________.  

A) prokaryotic fission
B) interphase
C) meiosis
D) cytokinesis
E) karyokinesis

Question 36

Figure 11.5

This illustration shows _________________.  

A) cytoplasmic division in a plant cell
B) cytokinesis via a contractile ring mechanism
C) how chromosomes are dragged to the poles
D) chromosome condensation
E) an animal cell in interphase

Question 37

The chromatids detach from one another during __________________.  

A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) interphase
D) prophase
E) telophase

Question 38

Cytoplasmic division in animal cells involves _____.  

A) formation of a cell plate
B) formation of a deepening cleavage furrow
C) the division of sister chromatids
D) the formation of evenly spread cytoskeletal elements under the entire plasma membrane
E) the synthesis of new spindle fibers

Question 39

Which characteristic is correlated with cancer cells and metastasis?  

A) Altered nuclear and cytoplasmic controls governing cell growth and division
B) Increased use of aerobic respiration
C) Expansion of the cytoskeleton
D) Normal chromosome number
E) Decreased blood supply to the tumor

Question 40

In eukaryotic cells,which occurs during the prophase of mitosis?  

A) Duplication of chromatids
B) Replication of DNA
C) Separation of sister chromatids
D) Breakup of the nuclear envelope
E) Appearance of the nuclear envelope

Question 41

Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.Stage when chromosomes are loosely spread out and invisible under a light microscope
b.Final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.Duplicated during prophase and moves to opposite sides of the cell
d.Chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.Chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.Form the mitotic spindle
h.Half of a chromosome in prophase
i.In pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
Telophase

Question 42

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.


-Nuclear division that maintains the chromosome number

A)G2
B)Mitosis
C)S
D)G1
E)Cytokinesis

Question 43

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.


-Period when DNA is duplicated

A)G2
B)Mitosis
C)S
D)G1
E)Cytokinesis

Question 44

Benign neoplasms called warts are an outcome of ______________ infection.

Question 45

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.


-Period after DNA is duplicated

A)G2
B)Mitosis
C)S
D)G1
E)Cytokinesis

Question 46

Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.Stage when chromosomes are loosely spread out and invisible under a light microscope
b.Final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.Duplicated during prophase and moves to opposite sides of the cell
d.Chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.Chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.Form the mitotic spindle
h.Half of a chromosome in prophase
i.In pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
Centriole

Question 47

Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.Stage when chromosomes are loosely spread out and invisible under a light microscope
b.Final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.Duplicated during prophase and moves to opposite sides of the cell
d.Chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.Chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.Form the mitotic spindle
h.Half of a chromosome in prophase
i.In pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
Centrosome

Question 48

Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.Stage when chromosomes are loosely spread out and invisible under a light microscope
b.Final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.Duplicated during prophase and moves to opposite sides of the cell
d.Chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.Chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.Form the mitotic spindle
h.Half of a chromosome in prophase
i.In pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
Anaphase

Question 49

Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.Stage when chromosomes are loosely spread out and invisible under a light microscope
b.Final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.Duplicated during prophase and moves to opposite sides of the cell
d.Chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.Chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.Form the mitotic spindle
h.Half of a chromosome in prophase
i.In pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
Prophase

Question 50

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.


-Period when interphase begins in a cell

A)G2
B)Mitosis
C)S
D)G1
E)Cytokinesis

Question 51

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.


-Event that divides a cytoplasmic mass

A)G2
B)Mitosis
C)S
D)G1
E)Cytokinesis

Question 52

Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.Stage when chromosomes are loosely spread out and invisible under a light microscope
b.Final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.Duplicated during prophase and moves to opposite sides of the cell
d.Chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.Chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.Form the mitotic spindle
h.Half of a chromosome in prophase
i.In pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
Microtubules

Question 53

After plant mitosis,the vesicles fuse into a flat __________.

Question 54

Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.Stage when chromosomes are loosely spread out and invisible under a light microscope
b.Final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.Duplicated during prophase and moves to opposite sides of the cell
d.Chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.Chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.Form the mitotic spindle
h.Half of a chromosome in prophase
i.In pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
Metaphase

Question 55

Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.Stage when chromosomes are loosely spread out and invisible under a light microscope
b.Final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.Duplicated during prophase and moves to opposite sides of the cell
d.Chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.Chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.Form the mitotic spindle
h.Half of a chromosome in prophase
i.In pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
Chromatid

Question 56

Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.Stage when chromosomes are loosely spread out and invisible under a light microscope
b.Final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.Duplicated during prophase and moves to opposite sides of the cell
d.Chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.Chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.Form the mitotic spindle
h.Half of a chromosome in prophase
i.In pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
Interphase

Question 57

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.


-Last part of interphase in the parent cell

A)G2
B)Mitosis
C)S
D)G1
E)Cytokinesis

Question 58

The polar spindles are composed of __________.

Question 59

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.


-Period of cell growth before DNA duplication

A)G2
B)Mitosis
C)S
D)G1
E)Cytokinesis

Question 60

The __________ that facilitates cytokinesis in animal cells cannot work with plant cells because a stiff cell wall surrounds their __________.

Question 61

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.


-Period commonly followed by cytokinesis

A)G2
B)Mitosis
C)S
D)G1
E)Cytokinesis

Question 62

Protein products of which genes "put the brakes" on the cell cycle when DNA is damaged or incompletely copied?  

A) Checkpoint genes
B) Breakpoint genes
C) Proofreading genes
D) DNA repair genes
E) DNA reconstruction genes

Question 63

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.Telophase
Chromosomes are loosened.

Question 64

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.Telophase
Transcription of genes required for cell division begins.

Question 65

Dolly's lifespan might have been extended by giving her supplementary ___.  

A) Telomeres
B) Thymine, adenine, and guanine nucleotides
C) Growth hormone
D) Telomerase
E) Cytokines

Question 66

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.Telophase
Centromeres break apart as the separated sister chromatids begin to move to opposite poles.

Question 67

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.


-Period prior to mitosis

A)G2
B)Mitosis
C)S
D)G1
E)Cytokinesis

Question 68

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.Telophase
Cytokinesis occurs after this phase of mitosis.

Question 69

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.Telophase
Sister chromatids joined at their centromeres are attached to spindle fibers.

Question 70

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.Telophase
Spindle fibers first appear.

Question 71

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.Telophase
Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up midway between the spindle poles.

Question 72

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.Telophase
Daughter nuclear membranes form.

Question 73

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.Telophase
The microtubular spindle develops.

Question 74

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.


-Period in which metaphase occurs

A)G2
B)Mitosis
C)S
D)G1
E)Cytokinesis

Question 75

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.Telophase
Condensation of chromosomes occurs.

Question 76

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.Telophase
Chromosomes replicate.

Question 77

Spindle microtubules are at their longest during which stage of mitosis?  

A) Interphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Anaphase
E) Telophase