Deck 1: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era, and Professional Societies, Organizations, and Associations

Question 1

When is the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?

A) 1600s
B) 1700s
C) 1800s
D) 1900s

Answer 1

C
Explanation: By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures. Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or simply rubbing.

Question 2

Which term describes a component of the Ling System?

A) Shiatsu
B) Ayurveda
C) Thai massage
D) Swedish massage

Answer 2

D
Explanation: The term "Swedish massage" was used to describe the massage component of Ling's system. For this reason, Ling is often regarded as the father of Swedish massage.

Question 3

Who is the founder of modern nursing, which included massage as part of care?

A) Tiffany Field
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Charles Fayette Taylor
D) John Harvey Kellogg

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Florence Nightingale (1829-1910) from England was the founder of modern nursing. She assumed patient care in hospitals in Turkey during the Crimean War (1853-1856). She developed a standard of care for soldiers, which massage was an integral part of.

Question 4

Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and the West?

A) Rhazes
B) Celsus
C) Avicenna
D) Hippocrates

Question 5

French physician Lucas-Championniere used massage and exercise to treat soldiers injured during which event?

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) Civil War
D) Viet Nam War

Question 6

The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BC in which country?

A) India
B) China
C) Egypt
D) Greece

Question 7

In what year did George Henry Taylor and Charles Fayette Taylor introduce the Swedish Movement system in the United States?

A) 1796
B) 1856
C) 1911
D) 1958

Question 8

Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?

A) Johann Mezger
B) Pehr H. Ling
C) George Henry Taylor
D) John Harvey Kellogg

Question 9

What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic therapies?

A) Polarity
B) Shiatsu
C) Acupuncture
D) Amma

Question 10

Who wrote the first American textbook on the Swedish Movement System in 1860?

A) Hartvig Nissen
B) Andrew Weil
C) George Taylor
D) Douglas Graham

Question 11

Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?

A) Paré
B) Harvey
C) Galen
D) Mezger

Question 12

Which individual is credited with having introduced French terms still in use to describe massage techniques?

A) Johann Mezger
B) William Harvey
C) Pehr H. Ling
D) Charles Taylor

Question 13

Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?

A) Ayurveda
B) Shiatsu
C) Amma
D) Polarity

Question 14

Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular contraction of the heart?

A) Paré
B) Galen
C) Harvey
D) Mezger

Question 15

Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?

A) Galen
B) Celsus
C) Rhazes
D) Hippocrates

Question 16

Which origin for the word massage is Greek?

A) Mashesh
B) Masso
C) Masser
D) Makeh

Question 17

Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?

A) Tao Te Ching
B) Nei Ching
C) Ayur-Veda
D) Corpus Hippocraticum

Question 18

Which method is defined as manual manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes?

A) Acupuncture
B) Ayurveda
C) Polarity therapy
D) Massage therapy

Question 19

Who opened the Swedish Health Institute of Washington, DC, considered the first massage school in the United States?

A) John Harvey Kellogg
B) Douglas Graham
C) Just Lucas-Championniere
D) Hartvig Nissen

Question 20

Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses applied pressure of the thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?

A) Ayurveda
B) Shiatsu
C) Massage
D) Amma

Question 21

What was the original name of the American Massage Therapy Association?

A) Society of Trained Masseuses
B) Esalen Massage and Bodywork Association
C) American Association of Masseurs and Masseuses
D) Chartered Society of Massage and Medical Gymnastics

Question 22

Which illegal activity uses massage as a cover for its operations?

A) Arms dealing
B) Dog fighting
C) Drug running
D) Sex trafficking

Question 23

How is human trafficking best described?

A) Immigrant movement
B) Modern-day slavery
C) Modern-day pioneering
D) Rehabilitative coercion

Question 24

What organization offered a national certification exam in 1992 that was later adopted by most states as a licensure requirement?

A) Federation of State Massage Therapy Boards
B) National Certification Board of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork
C) Associated Bodywork and Massage Professionals
D) American Massage Therapy Association

Question 25

Which organization developed and released the Massage and Bodywork Licensing Examination in 2008?

A) Federation of State Massage Therapy Boards
B) National Certification Board of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork
C) American Massage Therapy Association
D) Associated Bodywork and Massage Professionals

Question 26

Which center is the first in the world to focus on the effects of massage and its application in the treatment of diseases?

A) Remedial Hygienic Institute
B) Esalen Institute
C) Swedish Institute
D) Touch Research Institute

Question 27

What type of credential did the National Certification Board of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork begin offering in 2013?

A) Master's certification
B) Research licensure
C) Board certification
D) National licensure

Question 28

Which massage organization took the first step toward professionalism by the establishing a massage curriculum and accreditation of massage schools?

A) American Association of Masseurs and Masseuses
B) Chartered Society of Physiotherapy
C) Esalen Massage and Bodywork Association
D) Society of Trained Masseuses

Question 29

When was the Associated Bodywork and Massage Professionals founded?

A) 1926
B) 1943
C) 1965
D) 1987

Question 30

According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, which approach is considered mind/body practice?

A) Probiotics
B) Herbal supplements
C) Yoga
D) Booster vaccinations

Question 31

Who helped popularize massage therapy in the United States during the modern era by writing numerous books and publishing articles in his magazine, Good Health?

A) John Harvey Kellogg
B) Douglas Graham
C) Just Lucas-Championniere
D) Hartvig Nissen

Question 32

Which issue may legal massage therapists have to deal with because of human trafficking?

A) Paying higher costs for supplies
B) Being threatened
C) Needing additional continuing education
D) Researching businesses

Question 33

What organization was established to advance massage by supporting research?

A) Associated Bodywork and Massage Professionals
B) National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork
C) Federation of State Massage Therapy Boards
D) Massage Therapy Foundation

Question 34

Which center was a think tank for human potential movement and the first exposure to massage for many people?

A) Remedial Hygienic Institute
B) Esalen Institute
C) Swedish Institute
D) Touch Research Institute

Question 35

When was the American Massage and Therapy Association founded?

A) 1926
B) 1943
C) 1965
D) 1987