Deck 15: The Respiratory System

Question 1

The parts of the pharynx that are both air and food passageways are the:

A)oropharynx and laryngopharynx
B)laryngopharynx and nasopharynx
C)nasopharynx and oropharynx
D)oropharynx and glossopharynx

Answer 1

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 2

During swallowing, the larynx is covered by the:

A)hard palate
B)soft palate
C)glottis
D)epiglottis

Answer 2

epiglottis

Question 3

Which of these bones increases the surface area of the nasal mucosa?

A)maxillae
B)vomer
C)zygomatic
D)conchae

Answer 3

conchae

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true of the chemical regulation of respiration? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statement.)

A)The strongest stimulus to increase breathing is a decrease in CO₂ in the body fluids.
B)The carotid bodies and jugular body contain receptors that detect decreased oxygen.
C)Central chemoreceptors that are very sensitive to decreased CO₂ are located in the cerebrum.
D)Severe hypoxia will stimulate an increase in breathing rate and depth.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of the nervous regulation of respiration? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The inspiration and expiration centers are in the medulla.
B)The normal breathing rhythm is regulated by the medulla and midbrain.
C)The smooth muscle of the diaphragm does not require nerve impulses to contract.
D)The inflation reflex increases tidal volume when necessary.
E)The pneumotaxic center in the pons prolongs inhalation.
F)Impulses from the cerebrum, for singing, can override the medulla, but not indefinitely.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of the upper respiratory tract? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The stratified squamous epithelium of the nasal mucosa is a good barrier to pathogens.
B)The nasopharynx and oropharynx are air passages only.
C)The tonsils are the lymphatic tissue of the pharynx.
D)The nasal mucosa warms and moistens inhaled air.
E)The conchae increase the surface area of the nasopharynx.
F)The laryngopharynx opens into the larynx and the esophagus.

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of the larynx and trachea? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The thyroid cartilage can be felt on the front of the neck.
B)The trachea is lined with ciliated epithelium; the cilia sweep upwarD.
C)The vocal cords usually vibrate during exhalation.
D)The epiglottis is the most inferior cartilage of the larynx, to prevent swallowed food from entering the trachea.
E)A series of D-shaped cartilages keeps the trachea open.
F)Irritation of the mucosa of the larynx stimulates a cough reflex.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of O₂ and CO₂ transport in the blood? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Most CO₂ is carried in the blood as bicarbonate ions.
B)Most oxygen is carried by the iron in blood plasma.
C)As the pH of tissues decreases, more oxygen is released from hemoglobin.
D)Increased CO₂ in the blood makes the blood pH more alkaline.
E)As the temperature of tissues increases, less oxygen is released from hemoglobin.
F)Too much CO₂ in the blood results in hypoxia.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true of the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Blood coming into the pulmonary capillaries is low in O₂ and high in CO₂.
B)The alveolar walls are one cell in thickness.
C)The total alveoli provide a large surface area for gas exchange.
D)The pulmonary capillaries are made of simple squamous epithelium.
E)Type II alveolar cells secrete pulmonary surfactant to increase the osmosis of gases.
F)Blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries will return to the left atrium of the heart.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a bone of the nasal cavities?

A)ethmoid
B)vomer
C)conchae
D)zygomatic

Question 11

The ciliated epithelium of the nasal mucosa:

A)sweeps mucus and pathogens out of the nose
B)keeps the air moving toward the pharynx
C)sweeps mucus and pathogens toward the pharynx
D)prevents dust from entering the nose

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true of the pleural membranes? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)These are serous membranes made of strong fibrous connective tissue.
B)The visceral pleura lines the lungs.
C)Serous fluid prevents friction during breathing.
D)The parietal pleura lines the chest wall.

Question 13

Inhaled air is first warmed and moistened by the:

A)alveoli
B)larynx
C)trachea
D)nasal mucosa

Question 14

The nasal cavities are lined with:

A)stratified squamous epithelium as a barrier to pathogens
B)ciliated epithelium to sweep mucus anteriorly
C)stratified squamous epithelium to prevent loss of water
D)ciliated epithelium to sweep mucus posteriorly

Question 15

The function of the soft palate is to:

A)cover the nasopharynx during swallowing
B)cover the larynx during swallowing
C)open to permit breathing through the mouth
D)close to prevent breathing through the mouth

Question 16

Which of the following statements are true of external respiration and internal respiration? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The P in PO₂ means presence of oxygen.
B)In the alveoli, PCO₂ is low and PO₂ is high.
C)In the tissues, PO₂ is high and PCO₂ is low.
D)Internal respiration takes place in the pulmonary capillaries.
E)External respiration takes place in the nasal cavities as the air is warmeD
F)The pressure gradient of a gas is much the same as a concentration gradient.

Question 17

Which statement is NOT true of the nasal mucosa?

A)It warms the inhaled air.
B)The cilia sweep mucus and pathogens out of the nose.
C)It adds moisture to the inhaled air.
D)Its surface area is increased by the conchae.

Question 18

Which of the following statements are true of the respiratory muscles and pressure changes during breathing? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Atmospheric pressure is a constant that depends on a person's elevation above sea level.
B)Contraction of the diaphragm increases the size of the chest cavity from top to bottom.
C)The external intercostal muscles are used only for a forced inhalation.
D)The normal elasticity of the lungs is important for normal exhalation.
E)The diaphragm is smooth muscle that contracts only as part of the breathing reflex.
F)A normal inhalation is active, but a normal exhalation is passive.

Question 19

During swallowing, the nasopharynx is covered by the:

A)hard palate
B)soft palate
C)glottis
D)epiglottis

Question 20

Which of the following statements are true of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)A severe case of pneumonia may cause respiratory alkalosis.
B)Hyperventilation increases the amount of CO₂ exhaled and lowers the pH of body fluids.
C)Holding your breath will increase the pH of body fluids.
D)To compensate for metabolic alkalosis, respiration will increase in rate and depth.
E)To compensate for metabolic acidosis, the respiratory rate will decreasE
F)Chronic emphysema may result in respiratory acidosis.

Question 21

The palatine tonsils are ____ tissue and are found in the ____.

A)lymphatic/oropharynx
B)epithelial/nasopharynx
C)epithelial/oropharynx
D)lymphatic/nasopharynx

Question 22

The function of serous fluid is to:

A)prevent friction within the alveoli
B)prevent friction between the pleural membranes
C)permit diffusion of gases in the alveoli
D)decrease the surface tension around the pleural membranes

Question 23

Which statement is NOT true of swallowing?

A)The nasopharynx is blocked by the soft palate.
B)Swallowing is a reflex regulated by the medulla.
C)Breathing ceases.
D)The larynx is blocked by the glottis.

Question 24

The serous membrane that covers the lungs is the:

A)parietal pleura
B)visceral pleura
C)pulmonary pleura
D)bronchial pleura

Question 25

The function of most cartilage in the respiratory tract is to:

A)provide smooth surfaces
B)lubricate moving parts
C)support the nasal cavities
D)keep tubular structures open

Question 26

The airways of the larynx and trachea are kept open by:

A)fibrous connective tissue
B)cartilage
C)bone
D)ciliated epithelium

Question 27

The function of the epiglottis is to:

A)cover the oropharynx during breathing
B)keep the larynx open during breathing
C)cover the oropharynx during swallowing
D)cover the larynx during swallowing

Question 28

The trachea branches into the:

A)primary bronchi, one to each lung
B)secondary bronchi, one to each lung
C)primary bronchi, two right and one left
D)secondary bronchi, two right and one left

Question 29

The visceral pleura is found:

A)covering the chest cavity
B)lining the chest cavity
C)covering the lungs
D)lining the lungs

Question 30

The alveoli are made of simple squamous epithelium, which:

A)provides a smooth surface
B)permits diffusion
C)prevents friction
D)sweeps pathogens out of the lungs

Question 31

The parts of the bronchial tree that open into the alveoli are the:

A)bronchioles
B)primary bronchi
C)secondary bronchi
D)tracheal bronchi

Question 32

Which statement is NOT true of the larynx?

A)It contains the vocal cords for speaking.
B)The thyroid cartilage is the large anterior cartilage.
C)The vocal cords are vibrated by exhaled air to produce sounds.
D)It is an air passage between the pharynx and the primary bronchi.

Question 33

Mucus and pathogens are swept out of the larynx and trachea by:

A)smooth muscle
B)peristalsis
C)ciliated epithelium
D)squamous epithelium

Question 34

Which statement is NOT true of the pleural membranes?

A)They are the serous membranes of the thoracic cavity.
B)Serous fluid prevents friction during breathing.
C)The parietal pleura lines the chest cavity.
D)The visceral pleura lines the lungs.

Question 35

Which statement is NOT true of the bronchial tree?

A)The trachea branches into the right and left primary bronchi.
B)The secondary bronchi carry air to the lobes of each lung.
C)The primary and secondary bronchi are kept open by cartilage.
D)The bronchioles are kept open by striated muscle.

Question 36

Which statement is NOT true of the pharynx?

A)The nasopharynx is a passageway only for air.
B)The tonsils are lymphatic tissue that destroys pathogens in incoming air or fooD.
C)During swallowing, the nasopharynx is covered by the epiglottis.
D)The laryngopharynx opens into the larynx and the esophagus.

Question 37

The trachea is ____ to the esophagus and ____ to the larynx.

A)anterior/inferior
B)posterior/inferior
C)anterior/superior
D)posterior/ superior

Question 38

The parietal pleura is found:

A)covering the chest cavity
B)lining the chest cavity
C)covering the lungs
D)lining the lungs

Question 39

During breathing, friction between the pleural membranes is prevented by:

A)tissue fluid
B)pulmonary surfactant
C)serous fluid
D)plasma

Question 40

The serous membrane that lines the chest cavity is the:

A)parietal pleura
B)visceral pleura
C)pulmonary pleura
D)bronchial pleura

Question 41

The internal intercostal muscles pull the ribs:

A)out and in, for a forced exhalation
B)out and down, for a forced inhalation
C)down and in, for a forced exhalation
D)out and up, for a forced inhalation

Question 42

The pulmonary capillaries are made of simple squamous epithelium, which is:

A)thin to permit diffusion
B)able to constrict to decrease blood flow
C)able to dilate to increase blood flow
D)smooth to prevent friction during breathing

Question 43

The air pressure outside the body is called:

A)intrapulmonic pressure
B)stratospheric pressure
C)atmospheric pressure
D)intrapleural pressure

Question 44

The external intercostal muscles pull the ribs:

A)up and out, for inhalation
B)up and down, for exhalation
C)in and down, for exhalation
D)down and out, for inhalation

Question 45

Which statement is NOT true of the respiratory muscles?

A)The diaphragm moves upward during inhalation.
B)The intercostal muscles are attached to the ribs.
C)The internal intercostal muscles contribute to a forced exhalation.
D)The external intercostal muscles assist in inhalation.

Question 46

Intrapulmonic pressure is the pressure:

A)of the air just before it enters the nose
B)within the bronchial tree and alveoli
C)between the pleural membranes
D)within the pulmonary circulation, where blood pressure is always low

Question 47

Any pathogens or air pollution that reach the alveoli are usually destroyed by:

A)lymphocytes in the pulmonary capillaries
B)alveolar macrophages
C)alveolar type I cells
D)alveolar type II cells

Question 48

The air pressure within the bronchial tree and alveoli is called:

A)intrapulmonic pressure
B)stratospheric pressure
C)atmospheric pressure
D)intrapleural pressure

Question 49

The function of pulmonary surfactant is to:

A)decrease surface tension within the alveoli
B)decrease friction around the alveoli
C)decrease surface tension around the alveoli
D)decrease friction between the alveoli

Question 50

Which statement is NOT true of the alveoli of the lungs?

A)They are surrounded by pulmonary capillaries.
B)Diffusion of gases takes place across only six layers of cells.
C)Tissue fluid lining the alveoli permits the diffusion of gases.
D)Surfactant permits the inflation of alveoli by decreasing their internal surface tension.

Question 51

The muscles of inhalation are the:

A)diaphragm and external intercostals contracting
B)diaphragm relaxing and external intercostals contracting
C)diaphragm and internal intercostals contracting
D)diaphragm relaxing and internal intercostals contracting

Question 52

During inhalation, the diaphragm:

A)contracts and moves downward
B)contracts and moves upward
C)relaxes and moves downward
D)relaxes and moves upward

Question 53

During exhalation, the diaphragm:

A)contracts and moves downward
B)contracts and moves upward
C)relaxes and moves downward
D)relaxes and moves upward

Question 54

Inflation of the alveoli is made possible by the presence of ____ within the alveoli.

A)tissue fluid
B)plasma
C)serous fluid
D)surfactant

Question 55

The diaphragm is made of ____ and separates the ____.

A)skeletal muscle/thoracic and abdominal cavities
B)skeletal muscle/two lungs
C)smooth muscle/thoracic and abdominal cavities
D)smooth muscle/two lungs

Question 56

If surfactant were not produced, how would the alveoli be affected?

A)Inflation would be difficult.
B)Deflation (exhalation) would be difficult.
C)Overinflation would occur frequently.
D)The alveoli would rupture.

Question 57

Pulmonary surfactant is produced by:

A)pulmonary capillaries
B)the pleural membranes
C)alveolar type I cells
D)alveolar type II cells

Question 58

The importance of the tissue fluid that lines the alveoli is that it:

A)prevents friction
B)permits sliding
C)decreases surface tension
D)permits diffusion of gases

Question 59

The internal intercostal muscles are important for a:

A)normal exhalation
B)normal inhalation
C)forced exhalation
D)deep inhalation

Question 60

The tissue of which the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries are made is:

A)ciliated epithelium
B)smooth muscle
C)simple squamous epithelium
D)stratified squamous epithelium

Question 61

Intrapleural pressure is the pressure:

A)in the potential pleural space
B)between the visceral pleura and the alveoli
C)within the alveoli nearest to the pleura
D)between the parietal pleura and the chest wall

Question 62

The term ventilation means:

A)movement of air through the upper respiratory tract
B)movement of air through the lower respiratory tract
C)exhaling as forcefully as possible to empty the alveoli
D)movement of air into and out of the alveoli

Question 63

In external respiration, carbon dioxide diffuses from the:

A)alveoli to the blood
B)blood to the tissue fluid
C)blood to the alveoli
D)tissue fluid to the blood

Question 64

The respiratory air pressure that is always negative is:

A)intrapulmonic pressure
B)intrapleural pressure
C)interpulmonic pressure
D)interpleural pressure

Question 65

Residual air is important because it:

A)prevents collapse of the lungs
B)provides for continuous exchange of gases
C)signals the need to breathe again
D)provides a rest period for the respiratory muscles

Question 66

If air at atmospheric pressure were to enter one side of the chest cavity, what would happen?

A)The alveoli on that side would rupture.
B)Pulmonary circulation at the site would increase.
C)The parietal pleura would suction air from the lung on that side.
D)The lung on that side would collapse.

Question 67

Which statement is NOT true of respiratory volumes?

A)They vary with the age and height of a person.
B)Residual air is the air we cannot exhale.
C)Vital capacity is the volume of the deepest inhalation.
D)Tidal volume is considered a normal breath.

Question 68

In external respiration, oxygen diffuses from the:

A)alveoli to the blood
B)blood to the tissue fluid
C)blood to the alveoli
D)tissue fluid to the blood

Question 69

External respiration is:

A)the exchange of gases in the alveoli
B)the passage of air through the upper respiratory tract
C)inhalation followed by exhalation
D)only exhalation

Question 70

The movement of air to and from the alveoli is called:

A)pulmonary respiration
B)ventilation
C)cyclic respiration
D)reflex respiration

Question 71

Which statement is NOT true of the air pressures involved in breathing?

A)Intrapleural pressure is always below atmospheric pressure.
B)Atmospheric pressure is highest at sea level.
C)Intrapulmonic pressure constantly changes during breathing.
D)Enlargement of the chest cavity causes intrapulmonic pressure to increase.

Question 72

The volume of air in the greatest inhalation followed by the most forceful exhalation is called:

A)vital capacity
B)maximal capacity
C)maximal volume
D)vital volume

Question 73

During exhalation, intrapulmonic pressure ____ and air ____.

A)increases/enters the alveoli
B)decreases/enters the alveoli
C)increases/leaves the alveoli
D)decreases/leaves the alveoli

Question 74

Vital capacity is the pulmonary volume that includes:

A)tidal volume and inspiratory reserve
B)tidal volume and expiratory reserve
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and the vital residual last gasp reserve

Question 75

The pressure in the potential pleural space is called:

A)intrapleural pressure
B)interpleural pressure
C)contrapleural pressure
D)hypopleural pressure

Question 76

During inhalation, intrapulmonic pressure ____ and air ____.

A)increases/enters the alveoli
B)decreases/enters the alveoli
C)increases/leaves the alveoli
D)decreases/leaves the alveoli

Question 77

The volume of air left in the lungs after the most forceful exhalation is called:

A)residual air
B)remainder volume
C)maintenance capacity
D)alveolar capacity volume

Question 78

If total lung capacity is 5000 mL and vital capacity is 4000 mL, the remaining liter of air is:

A)inspiratory reserve
B)expiratory reserve
C)tidal volume
D)residual air

Question 79

The elastic lungs are always tending to collapse, but this is prevented by:

A)serous fluid
B)pulmonary surfactant
C)plasma
D)mucus

Question 80

The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in one breath is called:

A)tidal volume
B)normal volume
C)normal capacity
D)expected capacity