Deck 6: The Skeletal System

Question 1

Which statement is NOT true of long bones?

A)The diaphysis is the shaft, made of compact bone.
B)An epiphysis is an end, made mostly of spongy bone.
C)Blood vessels are found in compact bone.
D)The marrow cavity contains yellow bone marrow and is in the center of each epiphysis.

Answer 1

The marrow cavity contains yellow bone marrow and is in the center of each epiphysis.

Question 2

The regulation of the calcium content of adult bones is a function of the:

A)osteocytes
B)osteoblasts
C)osteoclasts
D)fibroblasts

Answer 2

osteocytes

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true of synovial joints? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Synovial fluid prevents friction.
B)The joint capsule is made of elastic connective tissue.
C)Ligaments are bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bone to bone.
D)Sutures are not synovial joints.
E)The synovial membrane lines the joint capsulE
F)Bursae cushion the articular cartilages in a joint.

Answer 3

Synovial fluid prevents friction.
Ligaments are bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bone to bone.
Sutures are not synovial joints.
The synovial membrane lines the joint capsulE

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true of the joints of the limbs? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)
A.The shoulder and hip joints are the same type of synarthrosis.
B.The shoulder is more movable than the hip because it has a deeper socket.
C.At the shoulder, the humerus articulates with the clavicle.
D)Palm up to palm down movement is permitted by the pivot joint between the ulna and the humerus.
E.The hinge joint of the knee is between the femur and fibulA
F.Both the shoulder and hip joints are surrounded by muscles that help provide stability and prevent dislocation.

Question 5

Which statement is true of compact bone?

A)It is made of osteons (haversian systems) and found within flat and irregular bones.
B)It is made of osteons and found in the diaphysis of a long bonE.C.It is not made of osteons and is found in the diaphysis of a long bonE.D.It is not made of osteons and is found within flat and irregular bones.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of the embryonic growth of long bones? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Long bones are first made of cartilage.
B)The first center of ossification in a long bone is in the distal epiphysis.
C)Bone matrix formation proceeds from the distal end of the bone to the proximal end and is completed at birtH.
D)An epiphyseal disc is on the articular surface of a long bone.
E)On the diaphysis side of an epiphyseal disc, cartilage replaces bonE
F)When a bone stops growing, all of the cartilage in an epiphyseal disc has been replaced by bone.

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of bone tissue? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Osteons are found only in spongy bone.
B)An osteon consists of one osteocyte surrounded by capillaries.
C)Spongy bone is found on the surfaces of flat and irregular bones.
D)Compact bone forms the diaphyses of short bones.
E)The blood vessels in compact bone come from the periosteum.
F)Osteoblasts are the cells that reabsorb excess bone during remodeling.

Question 8

Which statement is NOT true of osteons (haversian systems)?

A)They are found in compact bone.
B)They are found in spongy bone.
C)They contain osteocytes in rings of bone matrix.
D)They have a good blood supply.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true of the factors that contribute to the height of a person? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Genes for height may be for enzymes involved in bone matrix formation.
B)A child cannot be taller than her or his parents.
C)Calcium and phosphorus are important in the diet because they become part of bone matrix.
D)The absorption of calcium from food in the small intestine is facilitated by vitamin a.
E)Vitamins C and D are important in the diet to become part of bone matrix.
F)Either estrogen or testosterone will promote the closure of the epiphyseal discs of long bones.

Question 10

The production of new bone matrix for growth or repair is a function of the:

A)osteocytes
B)osteoblasts
C)osteoclasts
D)fibroblasts

Question 11

Which of the following statements are true of types of joints? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Movement of the fingers for gripping is permitted by gliding joints.
B)Shaking the head from side to side is permitted by a condyloid joint between the atlas and the axis.
C)Sutures are found only in the skull.
D)The symphysis between the mandible and temporal bones permits raising the jaw.
E)The only saddle joints in the body are in the thumb and big toE
F)The two pubic bones have a pivot joint to facilitate pregnancy and birth in women.

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true of the bones of the skull? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The frontal bone forms the forehead.
B)The ethmoid bone encloses the pituitary glanD.
C)The parietal bones create the opening for the spinal cord.
D)The sphenoid bone anchors the anterior meninges.
E)The occipital bones form the joints with the lower law.
F)The temporal bones contain the structures of the pathway for hearing.

Question 13

Which of the following statements are true of red bone marrow (RBM) and blood cells? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)RBM is found in the diaphyses of long bones.
B)RBM is the body's primary hemopoietic tissue.
C)All of the body's red blood cells are produced in the RBM.
D)RBM is found in the compact bone of flat bones.
E)Platelets are produced in the RBM and are important for blood clottinG
F)White blood cells are not produced in the RBM, but rather by the liver.

Question 14

Which of the following statements are true of the embryonic and infant skull? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The cranial bones are first made of cartilage.
B)The first site of bone matrix production is called a center of ossification.
C)All of the cranial bones form sutures just before birtH.
D)Bone matrix is produced by osteoclasts.
E)Fontanels are made of fibrous connective tissue, and they permit the compression of the skull during birtH
F)All the fontanels become completely ossified within 2 months after birth.

Question 15

Which of the following statements are true of the paranasal sinuses? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)They are lined with simple squamous epithelium that is smooth to prevent friction.
B)They are air cavities in the frontal and parietal bones.
C)If they fill with mucus, they may become painful.
D)An upper respiratory pathogen may infect these sinuses.
E)They make the skull lighter in weight.
F)They provide more air to vibrate when we speak.

Question 16

The reabsorption of bone matrix is a function of the:

A)osteocytes
B)osteoblasts
C)osteoclasts
D)fibroblasts

Question 17

Which of the following statements are true of the effects of hormones on bones? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Calcitonin decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bone matrix.
B)Insulin increases the use of fats for energy production in growing bones.
C)The rate of mitosis in growing bones is increased by growth hormone.
D)If thyroxine is present, all food types may be used for energy production.
E)Parathyroid hormone lowers the blood calcium level to preserve calcium for bone growtH
F)Protein synthesis in growing bones is increased by growth hormone and thyroxine.

Question 18

Which of the following statements are true of the vertebral column? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)There are 12 thoracic vertebrae and 8 cervical vertebrae.
B)Discs of fibrous cartilage form the joints between vertebrae.
C)The sacral and lumbar vertebrae each consist of 5 fused vertebrae.
D)Within the vertebral canal is the spinal cord.
E)The spinous and transverse processes provide for muscle attachment.
F)The backbone as a whole is flexible because it has so many gliding joints.

Question 19

Which of the following statements are true of the rib cage? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The manubrium articulates with all of the true ribs.
B)During inhalation the ribs are pulled up and in.
C)All of the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae.
D)The most inferior part of the sternum is the xiphoid process.
E)The floating ribs help protect the heart.
F)The true ribs and false ribs have costal cartilages.

Question 20

Which statement is true of spongy bone?

A)It is made of osteons (haversian systems) and found within flat and irregular bones.
B)It is made of osteons and found in the diaphysis of a long bone.
C)It is not made of osteons and is found in the diaphysis of a long bone.
D)It is not made of osteons and is found within flat and irregular bones.

Question 21

In the embryo, the bones of the skull are first made of:

A)bone
B)cartilage
C)fibrous connective tissue
D)elastic connective tissue

Question 22

Which statement is NOT true of adult bone marrow?

A)Red bone marrow is found in flat bones.
B)A long bone has red bone marrow in the diaphysis.
C)Yellow bone marrow is mostly adipose tissuE.D.All RBCs are produced by red bone marrow.

Question 23

All of the types of blood cells are produced by:

A)red bone marrow
B)bone tissue
C)yellow bone marrow
D)all of these

Question 24

In an embryonic long bone, centers of ossification are found in the:

A)diaphysis only
B)diaphysis and each epiphysis
C)diaphysis and distal epiphysis only
D)none of these, because the pattern depends on the particular bone

Question 25

An infant's skull may be compressed slightly during birth without harming the brain because of the presence of:

A)thin cranial bones
B)sutures
C)hinge joints
D)fontanels

Question 26

In the long bones of children, growth occurs at the:

A)center of the diaphysis
B)entire length of the diaphysis
C)ends of the epiphyses
D)epiphyseal discs

Question 27

Which statement is true of the cells of bone?

A)Osteocytes regulate the calcium metabolism of adult bones.
B)Osteoblasts blast away old bone when repair is needeD.C.Both A and B.D.Both A and B, and osteoclasts produce new bone matrix.

Question 28

In the embryo, the bones of the arms and legs are first made of:

A)cartilage
B)bone
C)fibrous connective tissue
D)elastic connective tissue

Question 29

In the embryo frontal bone:

A)the first osteoblasts come from fibroblasts
B)the first osteoblasts begin a center of ossification
C)both A and B
D)both A and B, and the osteoblasts secrete calcium salts

Question 30

In an embryonic femur, the marrow cavity is formed by the:

A)osteoclasts
B)osteoblasts
C)osteocytes
D)chondrocytes

Question 31

In the embryo, the bones that are first made of fibrous connective tissue are the bones of the:

A)rib cage
B)arms and legs
C)backbone
D)skull

Question 32

Red bone marrow produces these cells:

A)WBCs, RBCs, and osteocytes
B)platelets, RBCs, and WBCs
C)RBCs, osteocytes, and platelets
D)platelets, osteocytes, and WBCs

Question 33

The fontanels in an infant's skull are made of:

A)fibrous connective tissue
B)bone
C)cartilage
D)elastic connective tissue

Question 34

In the embryo, bone matrix is produced by cells called:

A)osteoblasts
B)osteocytes
C)osteoclasts
D)fibroblasts

Question 35

The spongy bone of flat and irregular bones contains:

A)osteons to produce new bone
B)adipose tissue to store energy
C)fibrous connective tissue for added strength
D)red bone marrow to produce blood cells

Question 36

The type of bone tissue that contains red bone marrow is:

A)spongy bone in the diaphysis of a long bone
B)compact bone in the diaphysis of a long bone
C)compact bone in flat and irregular bones
D)spongy bone in flat and irregular bones

Question 37

Which statement is NOT true of the epiphyseal discs of long bones?

A)They are first made of cartilage.
B)Growth occurs when cartilage replaces bone on the diaphysis side.
C)Cartilage production on the epiphysis side makes the bone grow in lengtH.D.Growth stops when all the cartilage has been replaced by bone.

Question 38

Which statement is NOT true of the development of the skull before birth?

A)The cranial bones are first formed as cartilage.
B)Calcification begins in the third month of gestation.
C)Osteoblasts differentiate from fibroblasts.
D)Ossification is not complete at birth.

Question 39

In an embryonic femur, the osteoclasts form:

A)the primary center of ossification in the diaphysis
B)the secondary center of ossification in the distal epiphysis
C)the marrow cavity in the diaphysis
D)all of the centers of ossification

Question 40

The purpose of fontanels in the fetal skull is:

A)to permit compression of the skull during birth
B)to allow for growth of the brain after birth
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and to contain red bone marrow

Question 41

In the phrase "genes for height," the word genes means:

A)proteins that become part of bone
B)parts of the RNA needed for the synthesis of calcium ions
C)parts of the DNA needed for the synthesis of calcium ions
D)parts of the DNA that code for enzymes for bone matrix synthesis

Question 42

The term genetic potential for height means:

A)how tall a child will be by age 10
B)the minimum height a person will become
C)how tall a person will become
D)how tall a person may become

Question 43

The nutrient that is needed for the efficient absorption of calcium by the small intestine is:

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin A
D)vitamin B

Question 44

The hormone in men that promotes closure of the epiphyseal discs is:

A)calcitonin
B)progesterone
C)estrogen
D)testosterone

Question 45

In the body, the ____ are storage sites for calcium, which is needed in the blood for ____.

A)muscles/digestion
B)bones/clotting
C)cartilage/clotting
D)bones/digestion

Question 46

The hormones that promote closure of the epiphyseal discs are:

A)insulin and thyroxine
B)thyroxine and GH
C)GH and insulin
D)estrogen and testosterone

Question 47

The hormone that increases energy production from glucose only is:

A)insulin
B)thyroxine
C)GH
D)PTH

Question 48

Two vitamins that are needed for the calcification process to synthesize bone matrix are:

A)vitamins A and E
B)vitamins E and B
C)vitamins B and D
D)vitamins C and A

Question 49

The hormone in women that promotes closure of the epiphyseal discs is:

A)calcitonin
B)testosterone
C)progesterone
D)estrogen

Question 50

The hormone that decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is:

A)thyroxine
B)calcitonin
C)parathyroid hormone
D)growth hormone

Question 51

The protein that is part of bone matrix is:

A)collagen
B)elastin
C)keratin
D)bonetin

Question 52

The hormone that increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is:

A)thyroxine
B)calcitonin
C)parathyroid hormone
D)growth hormone

Question 53

The hormones that regulate the amount of calcium in the bones and the blood are:

A)PTH and calcitonin
B)thyroxine and calcitonin
C)PTH and GH
D)GH and thyroxine

Question 54

The nutrient needed for bone growth that can be synthesized by the body is:

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin A
D)calcium

Question 55

Which nutrient is NOT paired with its correct function with respect to bone growth?

A)calcium - becomes part of bone matrix
B)phosphorus - becomes part of bone matrix
C)vitamin D - becomes part of bone matrix
D)vitamin C - needed for the formation of bone matrix

Question 56

Two nutrients that are needed to become part of bone matrix are:

A)calcium and vitamin D
B)calcium and phosphorus
C)phosphorus and vitamin C
D)phosphorus and vitamin D

Question 57

Three nutrients that are needed to become part of bone matrix are:

A)protein, calcium, and vitamin D
B)phosphorus, calcium, and vitamin C
C)calcium, phosphorus, and protein
D)protein, vitamin C, and calcium

Question 58

Which statement is NOT true of PTH and calcitonin?

A)Calcitonin contributes to the maintenance of a strong bone matrix.
B)PTH increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones.
C)PTH increases the absorption of calcium by the small intestine.
D)Calcitonin is secreted by the pituitary gland.

Question 59

The phrase closure of the epiphyseal discs means that:

A)all cartilage is replaced by bone
B)cartilage production stops unless there is need for repair
C)calcium can no longer be taken in by osteocytes in these areas
D)the blood supply to these areas has been closed off

Question 60

The hormone that increases the absorption of calcium from food in the small intestine is:

A)PTH
B)calcitonin
C)GH
D)thyroxine

Question 61

The hormone that increases energy production from all food types is:

A)insulin
B)thyroxine
C)GH
D)PTH

Question 62

The hormones that contribute to bone growth by increasing the rate of protein synthesis are:

A)thyroxine and GH
B)GH and PTH
C)PTH and insulin
D)insulin and calcitonin

Question 63

Thyroxine contributes to the growth of bones by:

A)increasing energy production
B)increasing protein synthesis
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and by increasing calcium absorption

Question 64

The cranial bone that attaches the anterior meninges and forms part of the nasal septum is:

A)the sphenoid
B)the frontal
C)the ethmoid
D)none of these

Question 65

The paranasal sinuses open into the:

A)middle ear
B)nasal cavities
C)brain
D)mouth

Question 66

Which of these bones does NOT directly help protect the brain?

A)temporal
B)zygomatic
C)frontal
D)occipital

Question 67

The paranasal sinuses may become stuffed up because:

A)they are microscopic cavities
B)the mucus produced by their epithelium may block their outlets
C)their only outlets are to the cranial cavity
D)they have no outlets

Question 68

The ethmoid bone helps protect the sensory receptors and nerves for:

A)smell
B)hearing
C)taste
D)touch

Question 69

The sphenoid and ethmoid bones are among the bones of the:

A)arm
B)leg
C)vertebral column
D)skull

Question 70

The hormone that increases cell division in growing bones is:

A)insulin
B)thyroxine
C)GH
D)PTH

Question 71

Which statement is NOT true of the paranasal sinuses?

A)They contain air.
B)They are lined with ciliated epithelium.
C)They provide resonance for the voice.
D)They make the skull heavier in weight.

Question 72

Growth hormone contributes to the growth of bones by:

A)increasing protein synthesis
B)increasing the rate of mitosis
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and by increasing the use of glucose for energy

Question 73

Paranasal sinuses are found in all of these bones except the:

A)ethmoid
B)zygomatic
C)frontal
D)sphenoid

Question 74

Which pair of bones directly helps to protect the brain?

A)maxilla and frontal
B)zygomatic and temporal
C)parietal and mandible
D)sphenoid and occipital

Question 75

The temporal bone helps protect the sense organs for:

A)sight
B)smell
C)hearing
D)taste

Question 76

Which bone does NOT help form the orbit?

A)parietal
B)frontal
C)sphenoid
D)lacrimal

Question 77

The cranial bone that encloses the pituitary gland is the:

A)sphenoid
B)frontal
C)ethmoid
D)temporal

Question 78

Paranasal sinuses are found in all of these bones except the:

A)mandible
B)maxillae
C)sphenoid
D)frontal

Question 79

Which statement is NOT true of hormones and bone growth?

A)Thyroxine increases energy production from all foods.
B)Growth hormone increases mitosis.
C)Calcitonin helps keep calcium in bones.
D)Insulin increases protein synthesis and mitosis.

Question 80

The hormones that contribute to bone growth by increasing the production of energy are:

A)insulin and thyroxine
B)thyroxine and calcitonin
C)calcitonin and GH
D)GH and PTH