Deck 10: The Inmate World: Living Behind Bars

Question 1

Who among the following noted that "prisons are 24-hour-a-day, year-in-and-year-out environments in which people are sequestered with little outside contact"?

A) Gresham Sykes
B) Eldridge Cleaver
C) William J. Sabol
D) Hans Toch

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Who among the following stated that prison society reduces the pains of imprisonment, compensates for the losses caused by imprisonment, and offers varying degrees of comfort to those who successfully adjust to it?

A) Victoria R. Derosia
B) Gresham Sykes
C) Erving Goffman
D) Donald Clemmer

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A combination of importation theory and deprivation theory is known as the _____.

A) adaptive theory
B) integration model
C) learning theory
D) exportation model

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The belief that inmate subcultures are brought into prisons from the outside world is called the _____ theory.

A) adaptation
B) learning
C) deprivation
D) importation

Question 5

The pains of imprisonment are described in the book _____.

A) Asylums
B) The Prison Community
C) The Society of Captives
D) The Green Mile

Question 6

The process by which inmates adapt to jail society and take on the ways, mores, customs, and general culture of a penitentiary is known as _____.

A) deprivation
B) importation
C) prisonization
D) integration

Question 7

According to Gresham Sykes, the major problems faced by new inmates like the loss of liberty, a lack of material possessions, deprivation of goods and services, the loss of heterosexual relationships, the loss of personal autonomy, and a reduction in personal security were referred to as the _____.

A) pains of imprisonment
B) essential corrections
C) inmate subcultures
D) prison argots

Question 8

An inmate starts a gang in a prison in order to procure more goods and services. This is an example of the _____ theory.

A) adaptation
B) learning
C) deprivation
D) importation

Question 9

The importation theory holds that inmate society is shaped by _____.

A) factors outside prison
B) deprivations in prison life
C) reduced self-esteem in prisoners
D) reduced self-doubts in prisoners

Question 10

The _____ is a set of norms and values among prison inmates.

A) inmate community
B) prison code
C) prison argot
D) code of honor

Question 11

Which among the following is an issue faced by new prison inmates?

A) They experience an increase in self-doubts.
B) They experience an increase in self-esteem.
C) They experience an increase in personal autonomy.
D) They experience an increase in personal security.

Question 12

Donald Clemmer coined the term _____.

A) deprivation
B) imitation
C) prisonization
D) copying

Question 13

Which among the following is a classic work of Erving Goffman?

A) Soul on Ice
B) The Prison Community
C) Asylums
D) Living Inside Prison Walls

Question 14

When a gang member in the real world is convicted and starts a gang in prison, it is an example of the _____ theory.

A) adaptation
B) learning
C) deprivation
D) importation

Question 15

Who among the following used the phrase total institution to describe a place where the same people work, eat, sleep, and engage in recreation together day after day?

A) William J. Sabol
B) Erving Goffman
C) Eldridge Cleaver
D) Gresham Sykes

Question 16

The special language of the inmate subculture is called _____.

A) prison speak
B) prison lingo
C) prison argot
D) prison code

Question 17

The belief that inmate subcultures develop in response to the scarcities in prison life is called the _____ theory.

A) adaptation
B) learning
C) deprivation
D) importation

Question 18

Which of the following is a book written by Victoria R. Derosia?

A) Soul on Ice
B) The Prison Community
C) Asylums
D) Living Inside Prison Walls

Question 19

Which of the following statements is one of the five elements of the inmate code as defined by Sykes and Messinger?

A) Don't quarrel with other inmates.
B) Interfere with the interests of other inmates.
C) Trust the guards or prison staff.
D) Don't be tough, whine often.

Question 20

Which among the following is a book written by Gresham Sykes?

A) Asylums
B) The Prison Community
C) The Society of Captives
D) The Green Mile

Question 21

In prison argot, a male inmate who assumes an aggressive role during homosexual relations is called a _____.

A) homeboy
B) wolf
C) dog
D) fish

Question 22

According to John Irwin's classification of prisoners, _____ are drug-involved inmates.

A) dope fiends
B) thieves
C) convicts
D) square johns

Question 23

According to Frank Schmalleger's typology of male inmate roles, _____ use intimidation to get what they want and are far more likely to use threats than to use actual physical force.

A) punks
B) bullies
C) agitators
D) hedonists

Question 24

Inmates who are unable to cope with the realities of prison life and withdraw psychologically from the world around them are called _____.

A) opportunists
B) retreatists
C) legalists
D) radicals

Question 25

In prison argot, a croaker is a(n) _____.

A) inmate who dies in prison
B) inmate who is violent
C) physician or a doctor
D) homeboy or friend

Question 26

A(n) _____ adapts to prison by exploiting the minimal pleasures it offers.

A) hedonist
B) opportunist
C) retreatist
D) legalist

Question 27

According to Frank Schmalleger's typology of male inmate roles, a(n) _____ is a young inmate, often small, who has been forced into a sexual relationship with an aggressive, well-respected prisoner.

A) opportunist
B) punk
C) colonist
D) agitator

Question 28

The better-educated prisoners who fight confinement through the system of laws, rules, and court precedent are called _____.

A) radicals
B) opportunists
C) legalists
D) retreatists

Question 29

According to Frank Schmalleger's typology of male inmate roles, a(n) _____ responds to the boredom of prison life by causing problems for others.

A) hedonist
B) agitator
C) retreatist
D) punk

Question 30

In prison argot, a _____ is the search of a prisoner's cell or a work area.

A) shank
B) slinging rock
C) nimby
D) shakedown

Question 31

_____ are defined as prison lifestyles or as forms of ongoing social accommodation to prison life.

A) Inmate roles
B) Prison codes
C) Officer codes
D) Prison argots

Question 32

According to Frank Schmalleger's typology of male inmate roles, _____ see confinement as a natural consequence of criminal activity and view time spent in prison as an unfortunate cost of doing business.

A) gang-bangers
B) agitators
C) real men
D) hedonists

Question 33

According to Gresham Sykes, _____ served primarily as illustrative symbols of the prison community or as ways for inmates to mark themselves as outlaws and social outcasts.

A) prison argots
B) inmate roles
C) prison codes
D) officer codes

Question 34

In prison argot, an inmate who plays the male role during a lesbian relationship is called a _____.

A) lemon squeezer
B) stud broad
C) femme
D) cherry

Question 35

According to Frank Schmalleger's typology of male inmate roles, _____ see themselves as political prisoners of an unfair society and believe that a discriminatory world has denied them the education and skills needed to succeed in a socially acceptable way.

A) radicals
B) opportunists
C) legalists
D) agitators

Question 36

According to Frank Schmalleger's typology of male inmate roles, _____ control those around them through force or the threat of force and are notorious for resorting quickly to physical power.

A) punks
B) gang-bangers
C) agitators
D) mean dudes

Question 37

According to John Irwin's classification of prisoners, _____ are inmates who are unfamiliar with criminal subcultures.

A) thieves
B) convicts
C) dope fiends
D) square johns

Question 38

In prison argot, a _____ is a newly arrived inmate.

A) punk
B) fish
C) homeboy
D) seed

Question 39

According to Frank Schmalleger's typology of male inmate roles, _____ do their own time, do not complain, and do not cause problems for other inmates.

A) real men
B) mean dudes
C) agitators
D) hedonists

Question 40

Argot is a French word meaning _____.

A) slang
B) confrontation
C) speech
D) code

Question 41

According to Rose Giallombardo, which of the following is true of women's prisons?

A) Male and female inmate subcultures are completely different.
B) Women's prisons fail to develop a substitute universe unlike male prisons.
C) Female inmate subcultures encourage relationships rather than isolation.
D) Women's prisons possess all values inherent in a male inmate subculture.

Question 42

Inmate subculture can vary from one institution to another.

Question 43

According to Esther Heffernan, career offenders who are well socialized into the lives of crime and who support inmate values and subculture are called _____ inmates.

A) gang
B) cool
C) life
D) square

Question 44

According to Frank Schmalleger's typology of male inmate roles, _____ are known by their tattoos and hand signs, which indicate clan affiliation and can be read by anyone familiar with prison society.

A) gang-bangers
B) punks
C) opportunists
D) agitators

Question 45

A prison that houses both female and male offenders is called a _____.

A) coed prison
B) prison argot
C) prison lingo
D) partial institution

Question 46

Heterosexual inmates often feel compelled to engage in homosexual behavior due to the conditions of confinement in prisons of the United States.

Question 47

Pseudofamilies are to women's prisons what _____ are to men's prisons.

A) gangs
B) families
C) friends
D) victims

Question 48

A place where the same people work, play, eat, sleep, and recreate together on a continuous basis is called a total institution.

Question 49

The subcultures in less secure institutions are much more rigid in their demands on prisoners than those in maximum-security institutions.

Question 50

The concept of prisonization was identified by Donald Clemmer in his book The Prison Community.

Question 51

According to Esther Heffernan, women that are not familiar with criminal lifestyles and have few criminal experiences are called _____ inmates.

A) gang
B) cool
C) life
D) square

Question 52

The special language of the inmate subculture is called prison speak.

Question 53

An opportunist takes advantage of the formal self-improvement chances of a prison, such as schooling, trade training, and counseling.

Question 54

The top of the sexual hierarchy in male prisons is occupied by inmates engaged in situational homosexuality who are called _____.

A) punks
B) hacks
C) Men
D) bullies

Question 55

The process by which inmates adapt to jail society and take on the ways, mores, customs, and general culture of a penitentiary is known as prisonization.

Question 56

According to Esther Heffernan, women who have previous criminal records and do not cause trouble for other inmates while in prison are called _____ inmates.

A) gang
B) cool
C) life
D) square

Question 57

According to recent BJS surveys, which of the following is true of women prisoners?

A) Female prisoners seldom resemble male prisoners in ethnic background and age.
B) Female inmates have shorter criminal records than male inmates.
C) Female prisoners are more likely to be serving time for violent crimes.
D) Female prisoners have experienced lesser physical and sexual abuse than the men.

Question 58

The theory of importation suggests that inmate subcultures develop in response to the deprivations in prison life.

Question 59

Family-like structures, common in women's prisons, where inmates assume roles similar to those of family members in a free society are called _____.

A) coed prisons
B) cocorrections
C) pseudo families
D) homosexual unions

Question 60

_____ refers to the incarceration and interaction of female and male offenders under a single institutional administration.

A) Cocorrection
B) Deprivation theory
C) Importation theory
D) Pseudofamily

Question 61

The belief that inmate subcultures developed in response to the deprivations in prison life was presented in the _____.

Question 62

The pains of imprisonment are described in the book _____, written by Gresham Sykes.

Question 63

The social roles in men's prisons place greater emphasis on homosexual relations as a mode of adaptation to prison life than do the social roles in women's prisons.

Question 64

_____ refers to the habits, customs, mores, values, beliefs, or superstitions of the body of incarcerated individuals in correctional institutions. It is also called prisoner subculture.

Question 65

In the United States, women are more likely than men to be serving time for larceny or fraud.

Question 66

In the United States, female inmates generally have longer maximum sentences than male inmates.

Question 67

The taking on of the ways, mores, customs, and general culture of a penitentiary by its inmates is known as _____.

Question 68

In his classic work _____, Erving Goffman used the term total institution.

Question 69

Female prisoners are more guarded than male prisoners about the information they share and the manner in which they share it.

Question 70

In the United States, treatment, education, recreation, and other programs that are offered in women's prisons are the same as those offered in men's prisons.

Question 71

According to one BJS study, an estimated 5.2 percent of white women are pregnant at the time of incarceration.

Question 72

A place where the same people work, play, eat, sleep, and recreate together on a continuous basis is called a(n) _____.

Question 73

In the United States, security in women's prisons is the same as in men's prisons.

Question 74

Pseudofamilies exist in men's prisons in the same manner that they exist in women's prisons.

Question 75

Donald Clemmer coined the term _____.

Question 76

The Prison Community was written by _____.

Question 77

In the United States, the growth in the number of women in prison is increasing much faster than that of men.

Question 78

Rose Giallombardo suggested that the inmate subculture in a women's prison tends to encourage relationships rather than isolation.

Question 79

The belief that inmate subcultures were brought into prisons from the outside world was presented in the _____.

Question 80

The social structure and subcultural norms and expectations in women's prisons are the same as those in men's prisons in the United States.