Deck 8: Parole: Early Release and Reentry

Question 1

Research shows that when people are released from jail and prison, _____.

A) they all have a job lined up before leaving prison
B) their chances of finding a place to live are bleak
C) they do not commit parole violations or new crimes
D) their health condition becomes better

Answer 1

B

Question 2

_____ is considered the forerunner of modern American parole.

A) Alexander Maconochie's marks system
B) Maconochie's system of ticket of leave
C) Global positioning system
D) Crofton's system of conditional release

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The marks system developed by Captain Alexander Maconochie measured:

A) the number of scars on a prisoner's back from whippings.
B) a prisoner's willingness to pay for his or her early release.
C) a prisoner's behavior and provided scores for improved conduct.
D) the severity of the crime the prisoner had committed.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Almost _____ offenders leave state and federal prison every day in the United States.

A) 1,000
B) 2,000
C) 2,500
D) 3,000

Question 5

To control prison overcrowding, wardens kept the number of _____ about equal to the number of new prisoner admissions.

A) people being released on parole
B) legislators who supported parole
C) parole violators
D) parole advocates

Question 6

The first legislation authorizing parole in the United States was enacted in _____.

A) Massachusetts
B) Pennsylvania
C) Maryland
D) Vermont

Question 7

Early release after a time period specified and set by law is called _____.

A) presentence release
B) pre-parole release
C) discretionary release
D) mandatory release

Question 8

The Wickersham Commission reported that parole is logical because it:

A) ensures the most effective rehabilitation practice.
B) is an inexpensive way to supervise offenders.
C) assures zero recidivism by offenders.
D) is an effective example of punitive practice.

Question 9

Captain Alexander Maconochie favored _____ sentences over fixed sentences.

A) non-mandatory
B) mandatory
C) indeterminate
D) unconditional

Question 10

The parole concept has its roots in the 18th-century English penal practice called _____.

A) probation
B) royal pardon
C) indentured servitude
D) civil slavery

Question 11

Early release of a prisoner based on a paroling authority's assessment of eligibility is called _____.

A) discretionary release
B) mandatory release
C) presentence release
D) pre-parole release

Question 12

From 1775 through 1856, English offenders were sent to _____ as punishment for crimes.

A) South Africa
B) the United States
C) Australia
D) Scotland

Question 13

The practice of indentured servitude was discontinued with the beginning of the _____ in 1775.

A) French Revolution
B) American Revolutionary War
C) Pan-Armenian National Movement
D) Non-cooperation Movement

Question 14

The first reformatory to implement an extensive parole program was _____.

A) Auburn Reformatory
B) Crofton Reformatory
C) Franklin Reformatory
D) Elmira Reformatory

Question 15

Prisoner reentry issues for women are:

A) significantly less problematic than for men.
B) confined to strictly economic challenges.
C) especially magnified for minority women.
D) almost always short term in nature.

Question 16

The use of programs targeted at promoting the effective reintegration of offenders back to communities upon release from prison and jail is known as _____.

A) parole
B) reclassification
C) reentry
D) probation

Question 17

Prisoners who were sent to Australia and then committed further felonies were sent to _____.

A) Ireland
B) South Africa
C) Norfolk Island
D) the United States

Question 18

The American Probation and Parole Association (APPA) supports _____.

A) presentence release
B) discretionary parole
C) mandatory parole
D) pre-parole release

Question 19

A person who is conditionally released from prison to community supervision is referred to as a _____.

A) releasee
B) parolee
C) probationer
D) successful graduate

Question 20

The conditional release of a prisoner prior to completion of his or her imposed sentence under the supervision of a supervision officer is called _____.

A) probation
B) pardon
C) parole
D) furlough

Question 21

_____ is the earliest date on which an inmate might be released.

A) Parole eligibility date
B) Release date
C) Expiration date
D) Reentry date

Question 22

The conditional release of a prisoner prior to completion of the imposed sentence under the supervision of the state is called probation.

Question 23

_____ are made by a paroling authority such as a parole board or parole commission after its members review a case to determine whether they believe a prisoner is ready to be returned to the community.

A) Discretionary parole decisions
B) Mandatory parole decisions
C) Conditional release decisions
D) Control release decisions

Question 24

Persons are discharged from nonrevocable parole (NRP) after _____.

A) one year
B) two years
C) five years
D) eight years

Question 25

Felon disenfranchisement means depriving people who have been convicted of felonies the right:

A) to vote in elections.
B) to purchase firearms.
C) to run for public office.
D) to enter into contracts.

Question 26

_____ can initiate parole revocation hearings and return parolees to prison if they threaten community safety or otherwise violate the conditions of release.

A) Parole officers
B) Parole advocates
C) Prison wardens
D) District attorneys

Question 27

A(n) _____ acts as a service broker and advocates on behalf of parolees for "wraparound services" such as substance abuse treatment, job training, employment, faith instruction, family member support, housing, and community services.

A) reentry court
B) livability court
C) ecclesiastical court
D) appellate court

Question 28

The region in the United States with the highest number of parolees is the _____.

A) North
B) South
C) East
D) West

Question 29

A correctional agency that has the authority to grant the conditional release of a prisoner is called a _____.

A) release committee
B) probation board
C) parole board
D) discharge committee

Question 30

_____ requires a correctional authority to grant parole after an inmate serves a specific period of time as required by law.

A) Discretionary release decision
B) Mandatory parole release
C) Conditional parole release
D) Control release decision

Question 31

Which of the following is true of a nonrevocable parole (NRP)?

A) It is a type of unsupervised parole.
B) It can be revoked for technical violations.
C) It mandates reporting to a parole officer.
D) It can be availed for both high-level and low-level crimes.

Question 32

In the United States, at least _____ percent of the inmates who enter prison eventually return to the community.

A) 10
B) 40
C) 65
D) 95

Question 33

One of the latest innovations in helping offenders released from prison make a successful adjustment to the community is the _____.

A) reentry court
B) ticket of leave system
C) intensive supervised probation
D) electronic monitoring

Question 34

The supervision of parolees is carried out by _____.

A) parole officers
B) parole advocates
C) prison wardens
D) district attorneys

Question 35

An inmate's eligibility for parole is determined by _____.

A) the sentence received from court as set by law
B) the discretion of a judge
C) a parole review board's independent findings
D) a parole officer's recommendation

Question 36

British Navy Captain Alexander Maconochie favored determinate sentences rather than indeterminate ones.

Question 37

Early release based on a paroling authority's assessment of eligibility is called mandatory release.

Question 38

From 1775 through 1856, English offenders were sent to South Africa as punishment for their crimes.

Question 39

Community-focused parole is:

A) a method of having citizens spy on parolees to report violations.
B) the utilization of citizens volunteers to supervise parolees.
C) a process of engaging the community so the community engages parole.
D) a program that involves parolees in doing community projects.

Question 40

In 1840, British Navy Captain Alexander Maconochie was appointed Superintendent of Norfolk Island.

Question 41

White or Hispanic children are more likely to be in foster care than are black children.

Question 42

An inmate's eligibility for parole is determined by the sentence received from the court as set by law.

Question 43

In the 1940s, legislators supported parole because it cost more than incarceration.

Question 44

In 1987, the American Probation and Parole Association voiced its objection to parole and undertook efforts to abolish it.

Question 45

Mandatory parole decisions occur in jurisdictions using indeterminate sentencing.

Question 46

Placing an offender in prison deters future criminal behavior.

Question 47

The trend among parole authorities is to grant or deny parole on the basis of risk to the community.

Question 48

Not all who are sent to prison are released on parole.

Question 49

In spite of all the efforts being made at prisoner reform, offenders are still leaving prison unprepared for successful reentry.

Question 50

Joint supervision of parolees by teams of police and parole officers is the most common way that police currently contribute to prisoner reentry efforts.

Question 51

The first legislation authorizing parole in the United States was enacted in Massachusetts in 1837.

Question 52

Reentry courts incorporate positive judicial reinforcement actions after goals are achieved.

Question 53

Prisons and the parole system failed to rehabilitate offenders in the 1920s and the early 1930s in the United States.

Question 54

In the 1940s, district attorneys supported parole because parolees could be returned to prison without new trial proceedings.

Question 55

Black children are more likely than white or Hispanic children to have a parent who is incarcerated.

Question 56

Parolees have merely been granted the privilege of living in the community instead of prison.

Question 57

Only offenders convicted of violent, sexual, low-level crimes who have been determined to be a serious risk to the public are eligible for nonrevocable parole (NRP).

Question 58

The conditions under which parolees must live are different in form and structure to those for probationers.

Question 59

The first reformatory to implement an extensive parole program was Crofton Reformatory in Northern Ireland.

Question 60

Wardens supported parole because the possibility of earning parole served as an incentive for offenders, making it easier to maintain peace in prisons.

Question 61

Community-focused parole is a process of getting inmates to engage with the community while on parole.

Question 62

A person who is conditionally released from prison to community supervision is referred to as a(n) _____.

Question 63

_____ is referred to as the founder of parole.

Question 64

In the United States, almost _____ offenders leave prison every day.

Question 65

The parole concept has its roots in an 18th-century English penal practice called _____.

Question 66

Early release after a time period specified and set by law is called _____.

Question 67

The earliest date on which an inmate might be paroled is called _____.

Question 68

The process of transition that offenders make from prison or jail to communities is called _____.

Question 69

Prisoners who committed felonies in Australia were transported to England's most punitive prison on _____.

Question 70

The American Probation and Parole Association (APPA), an association of probation and parole professionals, supports _____.

Question 71

The first reformatory to implement an extensive parole program was _____.

Question 72

From 1775 through 1856, English offenders were sent to _____ as punishment for crimes.

Question 73

British Navy Captain Alexander Maconochie, superintendent of the Norfolk Island penal colony, favored _____ over fixed sentences.

Question 74

The _____ Commission reported that parole was logical because it was an inexpensive way to supervise offenders.

Question 75

The practice of indentured servitude was discontinued with the beginning of the _____ in 1775.

Question 76

The Wickersham Commission was appointed by President _____.

Question 77

The conditional release of a prisoner prior to completion of the imposed sentence under the supervision of an officer is called _____.

Question 78

Early release based on a paroling authority's assessment of eligibility is called _____.

Question 79

The first legislation authorizing parole in the United States was enacted in _____.

Question 80

In 1840, British Navy Captain _____ was appointed superintendent of Norfolk Island.