Deck 1: Studying Personality: Assessment, Research, and Theory

Question 1

__________ is generally considered to have formalized the study of personality.

A) Freud
B) Allport
C) Jung
D) Skinner

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Your personality can be

A) rigid and inflexible.
B) constantly changing.
C) based on traits and behavior.
D) all of the answers

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Freud based his theory of personality on

A) the laboratory setting.
B) cognitive processing.
C) clinical observation of his patients.
D) behaviorism.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Children who are exposed to vastly different environments

A) have vastly different personalities.
B) are equally the same in personality.
C) are more isolated and lonely.
D) are likely to be more introverted than extroverted.

Question 5

In research, those who have a high level of social network use

A) are more extroverted.
B) are more introverted.
C) are more anxious.
D) score higher on tests of emotional stability.

Question 6

_______________ presents a mechanistic picture of human beings.

A) Psychoanalysis
B) Education
C) Medication
D) Behaviorism

Question 7

Watson was a psychologist who focused on ___________ in the United States.

A) behaviorism
B) psychoanalysis
C) existentialism
D) cognitive processes

Question 8

Personality can be summed up by which of the following phrases?

A) Personality is how we perceive ourselves and also how others perceive us.
B) Personality shows that we are deterministic, mechanical and don't change throughout our lives.
C) Personality involves the interpretations of fantasies and past recollections of repressed memories.
D) Personality is entirely based on how we were treated during childhood.

Question 9

Understanding and knowing your own personality

A) will help you to diagnose others that are different from you.
B) will help you find compatible people in your life.
C) will help you to avoid people who are not perfect for your life.
D) will help determine your success and life fulfillment.

Question 10

In research, shy American college students who use text messages were more likely to experience

A) a reduction in their feelings of loneliness.
B) an increase in their fears of loneliness.
C) no change in their feelings of loneliness.
D) an increase in emotional instability

Question 11

Behaviorism, according to __________, perceives human beings as well-ordered machines.

A) Skinner
B) Watson
C) Jung
D) Freud

Question 12

Wundt and others created the study of psychology but believed the subject was also linked to

A) the study of physics and chemistry.
B) the analysis of basic elements as they pertain to our mind.
C) culture and the variety of our interactions with people.
D) all of the above.

Question 13

Social networking sites, such as Facebook, can

A) increase an idealized self-image.
B) help a person pretend they are someone else.
C) be as accurate as face-to-face interactions in determining personality.
D) all the answers

Question 14

In the past, ____ ____were more likely to be used in research on personality theory.

A) white women
B) Latino men
C) white men
D) black men

Question 15

We ________ personality in order to better understand ourselves and others.

A) correct
B) exaggerate
C) judge
D) ignore

Question 16

Persona is

A) a person's mechanistic behavior.
B) predictable and automatic.
C) like a mask used by actors in a play.
D) only what others think about us.

Question 17

Your personality can be shaped by

A) organic reflex reactions.
B) the number and variety of your social situations and interactions with others.
C) hypnosis.
D) adult neurosis.

Question 18

We research theories of personality to

A) agree with all theorists on their own personality theories.
B) describe their use for real-world problems.
C) show how personality theories are superior to any other theories.
D) generalize that all people are the same across cultures.

Question 19

Learned habits and response systems are attributed to

A) Jung.
B) Watson.
C) Skinner.
D) Freud.

Question 20

Neo-psychoanalysts focus on

A) their own interpretations of behavior.
B) behaviorism.
C) learned responses and habits.
D) the whole person in how they function in the real world.

Question 21

Types of validity include __________ validity.

A) predictive
B) content
C) construct
D) all the answers

Question 22

The MMPI, in its different forms, is used with

A) adults only.
B) adults and adolescents only.
C) only children.
D) adults, adolescents and children.

Question 23

Self-report measures of personality are advantageous because

A) they are designed to be taken by children, adolescents, and adults.
B) they are designed for people of all ranges of intelligence.
C) they are designed to be scored accurately.
D) they are designed for people with all ranges of reading ability.

Question 24

The ____ ____ is a widely used technique for personality assessment.

A) classroom exam
B) achievement test
C) intelligence test
D) clinical interview

Question 25

A projective test of personality

A) clearly describes an objective viewpoint of personality.
B) projects a person's fears, needs, and values through the test.
C) is based on the behavioral theory of personality.
D) is based on a model created by John Watson.

Question 26

The MMPI is NOT appropriate for

A) those with lower intelligence.
B) those with lower reading skills.
C) children.
D) all the answers.

Question 27

The most widely used self-report personality test used today is

A) the Rorschach Inkblot Technique.
B) the MMPI.
C) the Myers-Briggs Indicator.
D) the Thematic Apperception Test.

Question 28

When taking a self-report inventory, people may be more honest with their answers if

A) an online test is given.
B) a paper-and-pencil test is given.
C) a person wants to look "good" on their answers.
D) a person takes a test in the classroom.

Question 29

Which question best clarifies the meaning of validity?

A) Has the test been taken by many people?
B) Does the student know what is on the test?
C) Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure?
D) Is the test reliable?

Question 30

Girls and boys are still reared according to

A) the norms of the neighborhood where they were raised.
B) the explicit wishes of the grandparents.
C) books on parenting.
D) traditional stereotypes.

Question 31

In the assessment of personality, research shows

A) a higher level of depression in girls than in boys.
B) a higher rate of depression in women than in men.
C) a gender bias or stereotype for women diagnosed with depression.
D) all the answers.

Question 32

Reliability is

A) the consistency of the responses to a test.
B) when a test measures what the test is supposed to measure.
C) used to validate and predict behavior.
D) the scores from different tests.

Question 33

Reliability involves

A) consistent results on multiple administrations of a test.
B) a reliable indicator of the validity of a test.
C) a reliable score for the person taking the test.
D) a valid profile of a person taking a test.

Question 34

The Thematic Apperception Test is a(n) ____________ test.

A) valid and reliable
B) objective
C) projective
D) multiple-choice

Question 35

__________ may affect the results in the assessment of personality.

A) Maturation
B) Culture
C) Living conditions
D) Poverty

Question 36

The Rorschach Inkblot Technique is given

A) only to adults.
B) to objectively interpret the values, needs, and fears of a person.
C) only to patients in a psychiatric hospital.
D) to people of a wide range of age.

Question 37

A research study from 1940 showed that those with more "masculine" jobs

A) report lower job satisfaction.
B) report a higher mortality rate.
C) report higher rates of depression.
D) report higher rates of job burnout.

Question 38

In research for the Rorschach, conclusions on validity and reliability are

A) mixed.
B) highly accurate and precise.
C) invalidated.
D) considered valid and reliable, since the test is so popular.

Question 39

The Thematic Apperception Test was developed by

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Morgan and Murray.
C) Carl Jung.
D) John Watson.

Question 40

A limiting factor in research of personality is that subjects

A) come from only cultural and ethnic samples.
B) are paid and easily conform to how the researcher wants them to respond.
C) are mostly college students.
D) are mostly children and adolescents in treatment.

Question 41

The correlational method of research compares

A) the relationship between multiple variables.
B) the relationship between children, adolescents and adults.
C) the relationship between several cultures and ethnic populations.
D) the relationship between two variables.

Question 42

Case study data collected with the clinical method

A) is more objective.
B) reveals the truth about the person.
C) is more precise than correlation methods.
D) is more subjective.

Question 43

People from collectivist cultures ___________ than those from individualistic cultures.

A) tend to be more self-critical
B) tend to be less self-critical
C) tend to be about the same in self-criticism
D) tend to exhibit greater optimism

Question 44

__________ students are more self-critical than _________ students in assessment of personality.

A) European / American
B) Australian/ American
C) American/ Japanese
D) Japanese / American

Question 45

Online testing is less expensive and less time-consuming than conventional classroom tests.

Question 46

Freud is known as the founder of psychoanalysis.

Question 47

Projective tests are totally accurate and objective in their ability to describe personality.

Question 48

Self-report inventories remain the most objective approach to personality assessment.

Question 49

Ethnicity and culture are considered widely variable in the study of personality.

Question 50

A test-taker tends to make himself appear unacceptable on a self-report inventory.

Question 51

The _________ variable is manipulated, while the ___________ variable is the measure itself.

A) independent/dependent
B) dependent/independent
C) experimental/independent
D) control/independent

Question 52

There is a significant difference in scores between online tests and paper-and-pencil tests.

Question 53

Traditional Hispanic and Asian cultures tend to

A) seek therapy more frequently than Whites.
B) seek therapy less often than Whites.
C) not seek therapy at all.
D) keep their distress hidden and only reveal this distress with close family members.

Question 54

Online or virtual research is advantageous because

A) there are objective and reliable sources such as Wikipedia.
B) users tend to be older and more proficient with this kind of research.
C) users are younger and more proficient with this kind of research.
D) results of online research show a significant improvement over other research methods.

Question 55

A(n) ____________ is a technique for determining the effect of one or more variables on behavior.

A) experiment
B) case study
C) projective test
D) clinical observation

Question 56

Reliability of assessment techniques is intended to measure a certain test and its scores.

Question 57

The MMPI is considered a projective measure of assessment.

Question 58

The MMPI is not appropriate for people with limited reading skills.

Question 59

John Watson formed the movement called existentialism.

Question 60

The primary limitation for the correlation method is

A) multiple regression.
B) using statistical analysis.
C) determining cause and effect.
D) analyzing the variable.

Question 61

The Internet, Facebook, and other media has increased our social networking. Give your opinions on how social networking can (A) increase and (B) decrease the accuracy of how we can perceive others? Give at least two different responses for A and
B.

Question 62

Men are more often diagnosed with depression than are women.

Question 63

The case study or case history is the primary method for studying a patient's emotional problems.
(A) What are at least three benefits from studying case studies and/or case histories?
(B) What are three deficits in studying only case studies?

Question 64

(A) List at least three differences between paper-and pencil tests and online tests. (B) Provide an example of what kind or type of personality test would be best-suited for a paper-and pencil type test and for an online test.

Question 65

Projective tests have low reliability and low validity, but are widely used anyway.

Question 66

Until recently, culture and ethnicity were not studied in the assessment of personality. However, traditional research studies have been done extensively on family background, gender differences and life span development. (A) Share at least three reasons why culture and ethnicity are important concepts to add to present day research. (B) Now relate culture and ethnicity to such problems as gangs and turmoil in public schools.

Question 67

Watson argued that psychology must be studied by our senses, while Freud believed we should study the unconscious mind. Give two real-life examples of the importance of how we study with our senses as in Watson's viewpoint, and two examples in real-life of why we need to focus on the unconscious.

Question 68

The Rorschach Inkblot tests can be widely used for ethnic minorities rather than the MMPI.

Question 69

Clinical interviews and behavioral assessments are routinely done for assessment of personality.