Deck 2: Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis

Question 1

Homeostasis, according to Freud's theories, has to do with

A) balance and equilibrium.
B) homosexuality and heterosexuality.
C) sexual fantasies from childhood.
D) none of the above.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The ___________ is the root of psychic energy.

A) libido
B) cathexis
C) instinct
D) aggressive drive

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Freud believed anxiety initially comes from

A) childhood sexual conflicts.
B) hating your parents.
C) unresolved guilt.
D) traumatic experiences in childhood.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

__________ instincts are necessary for survival, according to Freud.

A) Sexual
B) Life
C) Libido
D) Habitual

Question 5

According to Freud, what are the two primary types of instincts?

A) Sex and habits
B) Life and death
C) Food and hunger
D) Pleasure and desire

Question 6

The unconscious is

A) not easily understood.
B) located in the visual cortex of our brain.
C) situated in the frontal lobe of our brain.
D) known to us at all times.

Question 7

According to Freud, childhood sexual fantasies are always

A) based in reality for the patient.
B) based on a dream or a figment of the imagination of the patient.
C) based on direct evidence revealed through hypnosis.
D) the cause of adult neurosis.

Question 8

Later in Freud's life, ________ and _________ affected him deeply.

A) death/aggression
B) the conscious/the unconscious
C) sex/fantasies
D) cocaine/drugs

Question 9

Freud believed that ________ and _________ are compelling parts of human nature.

A) libido/death
B) life/death
C) sex/aggression
D) libido/cathexis

Question 10

According to Freud, __________ are internal stimuli.

A) fantasies
B) moral beliefs
C) defense mechanisms
D) instincts

Question 11

According to Freud, there is a(n) _____ instinct and a(n) ______ instinct in all of us.

A) mood/inhibition
B) ego/id
C) death/life
D) avoidant/passive

Question 12

In childhood, Freud later revealed a deep ____________towards his mother.

A) hatred
B) attraction
C) dependence
D) helplessness

Question 13

Freud's theory of childhood sexual fantasies is

A) controversial to this day.
B) true.
C) false.
D) based on authenticated child abuse cases.

Question 14

Cathexis is a term that Freud used to describe

A) psychic energy.
B) physical energy.
C) psycho-motor energy.
D) mood.

Question 15

For Freud, the basis of anxiety and neurosis is

A) parenting.
B) sex.
C) hypnotic.
D) marriage.

Question 16

The father of modern psychology was

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Carl Jung.
C) John Watson.
D) Wilhelm Wundt.

Question 17

The physical location for the libido is situated near the

A) spleen.
B) heart.
C) gonads.
D) There is no location in the body.

Question 18

Freudian teachings became widely popular in the ___________ of American children.

A) rearing
B) education
C) medication
D) books

Question 19

Freud regarded ___________ as our primary motivation.

A) sex
B) instincts
C) childhood fantasies
D) defense mechanisms

Question 20

According to Freud, the motivating force in life is driven by

A) the Oedipus Complex.
B) our instincts.
C) our health.
D) our won behaviors.

Question 21

According to Freud, the preconscious resides within

A) the id.
B) the ego.
C) the superego.
D) both the id and the superego.

Question 22

Freud's techniques of dream analysis and free association

A) cannot be accurately measured in research analysis.
B) are typically authentic and based in reality.
C) are used to create behavior changes in the patient.
D) are behavioral and cognitive in nature.

Question 23

For Freud, penis envy

A) suggests that a girl or woman has a defective brain.
B) suggests that a girl or woman can never be fully developed until she has a female child.
C) suggests that a girl has a defective or poorly developed superego.
D) suggests that boys have an inferiority complex, more so than girls.

Question 24

According to Heinz Kohut, an infant's primary selfobject is typically the

A) child
B) mother
C) friends of the child
D) grandparents of the child

Question 25

Childhood sexual abuse

A) can be debilitating through life.
B) is based only on the repressed dreams and fantasies of a child.
C) is very rare and has no debilitating qualities for the victim.
D) should be ignored and dismissed as unreal by the therapist and the possible victim.

Question 26

Object-Relations Theory

A) totally rejects Freud's theory.
B) evolved from Jung's theory, but not Freud's theory.
C) evolved from Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
D) is based on the concept of the libido.

Question 27

Anna Freud's analytic work was mostly with

A) children.
B) adults.
C) adolescents.
D) the elderly.

Question 28

Object relations theories suggest that the core of personality is formed in

A) early childhood
B) late childhood
C) early adolescence
D) infancy

Question 29

Freud's concepts of the ego, id, and libido

A) are authentic and true, experimentally.
B) have great credibility.
C) are reinforced and supported in research.
D) cannot be tested as true, experimentally.

Question 30

Temper tantrums, manipulating a parent, and aggressive drives are formed in the

A) latency stage.
B) phallic stage.
C) oral stage.
D) anal stage.

Question 31

According to Melanie Klein, in object relations theory

A) a baby views their world through spatial relationships.
B) a baby views their world from a confused state of mind.
C) a baby sees their world as either satisfying or hostile (when satisfaction is denied).
D) a baby views their world based on physical development and maturation.

Question 32

The preconscious

A) describes our dream life.
B) is in the pre-frontal cortex of the brain.
C) is a concept used to describe our values and morals.
D) is the storehouse for our memories, thoughts, and perceptions.

Question 33

Freud used the case study method for his research. This type of research is based on

A) a small and restricted sample of those he studied.
B) the dreams and fantasies of his clients.
C) the conscious and the unconscious memories of those he studied.
D) All the answers

Question 34

Object relations theory is entirely based on

A) aggressive drives.
B) fantasies and dreams.
C) the death and life instincts.
D) relationships.

Question 35

The ________________ bond is crucial in object relations theory.

A) mother - child
B) grandparent - child
C) sibling - parent
D) social - environmental

Question 36

An example of a Freudian slip would be:

A) "Oops, I forgot to lock the door!"
B) "Is my slip showing?"
C) "I'm Peter. What's your shame?"
D) "I thought I brought my car keys with me, but I left them at home!"

Question 37

Anna Freud is known for her theory of

A) Freudian psychoanalysis.
B) id, ego, and superego identity.
C) ego psychology.
D) object relations.

Question 38

The ego-ideal consists of

A) goals that the ego strives to reach.
B) good or correct behaviors children learn from their parents.
C) the reality principle and its strivings for the ideal ego.
D) ideals and principles the ego has rejected.

Question 39

According to Loftus' studies concerning false memories,

A) a therapist could implant false memories knowingly or unknowingly.
B) a person's memories can't always be judged as true.
C) "repressed" memories of childhood may not be accurate in reality.
D) All of the answers.

Question 40

The ego constantly tries to compromise between the demands of

A) the id and reality.
B) the id and primary-process thought.
C) primary-process and secondary-process thought.
D) the id, superego, and reality.

Question 41

The criticisms made of Freud's research

A) cannot be made of any other personality theorist.
B) hold for other theorists who use case studies as their primary research approach.
C) are the work of a small band of fanatical anti-Freudians.
D) demonstrate the fallacy of basing a theory on case studies.

Question 42

Freud's concept of the death instinct achieved only limited acceptance as part of the personality.

Question 43

Freud's research can be criticized for all of the following points except which?

A) He did not look deeply into the psyche.
B) His data was not gathered in systematic fashion.
C) He made no attempt to verify the accuracy of his patients' reports.
D) His sample of subjects was small and unrepresentative of the general population.

Question 44

Primary-process thought is believed to function within the ego.

Question 45

The ego is the reservoir for the libido and instincts.

Question 46

One problem with Freud's published case histories is that they

A) simply repeat the notes he took during sessions with patients.
B) are based primarily on statements made under hypnosis.
C) sometimes differ from the notes he made after each session with a patient.
D) are based primarily on dream analysis.

Question 47

Freud regarded sex as our primary motivation.

Question 48

Instincts, according to Freud, include hunger and thirst.

Question 49

The pleasure principal operates and functions primarily as a part of the id.

Question 50

All of the following are valid criticisms of Freudian psychoanalysis except which?

A) Freud failed to consider the impact of biological forces.
B) Freud's definitions are somewhat ambiguous.
C) Freud did not study emotionally healthy persons.
D) Freud focused too much on past behavior.

Question 51

Freud's methods of assessment

A) are no longer used.
B) relied heavily on self-report inventories.
C) reveal a great deal of repressed material.
D) focus on conscious experience.

Question 52

Much research on the nature of the unconscious involves

A) catharsis.
B) cathexis.
C) subliminal perception.
D) sublimation.

Question 53

The tools Freud employed to investigate personality included all of the following except

A) free association.
B) dream analysis.
C) resistances.
D) questionnaires.

Question 54

With regard to the scientific validity of his system, Freud believed that

A) only psychoanalysts were qualified to judge its validity.
B) science is not an appropriate method for investigating the mind.
C) only an experimental investigation of dreams would confirm the truths of psychoanalysis.
D) psychology could never be a science.

Question 55

The libido can be found in the pancreas of the body.

Question 56

Which Freudian idea below has not been supported by research?

A) The personality is subject to little change after age five.
B) The existence of verbal "Freudian" slips
C) The existence of the unconscious
D) The defense mechanism of repression

Question 57

Considerable research on the unconscious

A) fails to verify its existence.
B) reveals no connection to subliminal perception.
C) supports the idea that much cognitive activity is influenced by the unconscious.
D) It is impossible to conduct research on the unconscious.

Question 58

Attempts at scientifically validating Freudian concepts indicate that

A) not one of Freud's ideas has scientific support.
B) almost all of Freud's ideas have scientific support.
C) there is scientific support for some of Freud's ideas but not for others.
D) Freudian ideas cannot be investigated scientifically.

Question 59

The ego-ideal consists of good, correct behaviors for which children have been praised.

Question 60

Research suggests that the influence of the unconscious is

A) stronger among neurotics than typical people.
B) substantial.
C) delayed until adolescence.
D) negligible.

Question 61

A person who is stubborn or stingy may be described as oral-retentive.

Question 62

Dream analysis is largely symbolic and cannot be used to determine if child sexual abuse has actually occurred.

Question 63

Resistance means the patient refuses their medication.

Question 64

Moral anxiety is a conflict between the id and the superego.

Question 65

In Freud's psychosexual stages of development, each developmental stage has a conflict that must be resolved before the infant or child can progress to the next stage.

Question 66

Projection can be described as blaming some else for their own impulses.

Question 67

Freud's theory of psychosexual development assumes that all children have unconscious sexual desires, lust, and unbridled sexual impulses. In your opinion, do you agree or disagree with these stages of personality development? List and explain three ways you agree or disagree with Freud.

Question 68

Dream analysis and free association were the main techniques that Freud used in order to bring repressed memories, fears, and thoughts back to the level of consciousness.

Question 69

Reaction formation is a voluntary addition to our unconscious awareness.

Question 70

The anal stage of development can be used as a weapon by a child against his or her parents.

Question 71

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are conscious forms of reality.

Question 72

The id seems to be the impulsive side of a person, and the ego is the controlling side that helps balance the impulsive acts of the id. The superego functions as the moral control in relation to the id and the ego. Give a real-life example of a person struggling with a frustrating problem and how the id, ego, and the superego would respond to the anxiety in this person.

Question 73

Once repression is operating, it is difficult to eliminate.

Question 74

Children at the latency stage are fixated on their genitals and sexual pleasure.

Question 75

Freud held a "free will" point of view, not a deterministic point of view.

Question 76

Freud's major research method was the case study.

Question 77

A person who is rigid, compulsively neat, obstinate, and overly conscientious as an adult, may have started reacting this way in the anal stage of psychosexual development.

Question 78

In Freud's system there is only one ultimate and necessary goal in life: to increase the release of sexual fantasies from the unconscious to the conscious.

Question 79

Neurotic anxiety is based in adulthood and is a conflict of the id and the superego.

Question 80

Freud stated that a patient's goal is to reduce tension. However, Freud used techniques such as dream analysis and free association to create more anxiety for the patient.
A: Explain, in detail, at least three reasons why Freud wanted to create more anxiety.
B: What is this called in psychoanalytic therapy?
C: Provide a definition and a real-life example.