Deck 2: Learning About Death: Socialization

Question 1

According to Erikson psychosocial development depends significantly on developing a sense of identity and is linked to the individual's

A) connectedness and independence.
B) genes.
C) cognitive transformation.
D) knowledge base.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In discussing how people understand death, the term "noncorporeal continuity" refers to the idea that

A) death occurs suddenly, without warning.
B) death involves cessation of functioning.
C) human beings survive in some form after the death of the physical body.
D) legal issues must be addressed after death.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In Erickson's model, approximately what age marks the beginning of the child's moral sense?

A) Birth-2 years
B) Preschool and kindergarten years
C) Middle childhood or school age
D) Adolescent

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When asked, "What makes things die?" a child responds, "You can die if you swallow a dirty bug." According to Piaget's theory, this child is probably in which developmental stage?

A) Sensorimotor
B) Formal operational
C) Concrete operational
D) Preoperational

Question 5

Studies conducted in the early 1940s by Sylvia Anthony showed that children can give general explanations for death by what age?

A) 5 years old
B) 7 years old
C) 9 years old
D) 12 years old

Question 6

In Piaget's model, the first two years of life are characterized as the

A) preoperational period.
B) incompetent to competent period.
C) autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
D) sensorimotor.

Question 7

Jean Piaget's model of development emphasizes

A) cognitive transformations.
B) separation-individuation.
C) the need for developing a sense of basic trust.
D) psychosocial development.

Question 8

A mature concept of death involves
1) universality.
2) irreversibility.
3) empiricism.
4) causality.

A) 1, 2, and 3
B) 2, 3, and 4
C) 1, 2, and 4
D) 1, 3, and 4

Question 9

Which theorist is associated with the developmental model that emphasizes changes in attitudes toward death during different psychosocial stages?

A) Mark Speece
B) Jean Piaget
C) Erik Erikson
D) Gerald Koocher

Question 10

In Erikson's model, the years from about 6 to the beginning of puberty is sometimes known as the

A) elementary age.
B) age of control and adequacy.
C) industrial age.
D) pre-pubescent precocious age.

Question 11

What subcomponent of universality makes explicit the understanding not only that all living things die but also that each living thing will die?

A) Personal mortality
B) Inevitability
C) Purposefulness
D) Organicity

Question 12

Children who have had first-hand encounters with death tend to

A) still believe in reversible death.
B) avoid any mention of it.
C) deny its existence.
D) have a developmentally more mature understanding of death.

Question 13

According to Jean Piaget, at what stage does a child learn to use language and symbolic thinking to understand the world?

A) Preoperational
B) Concrete operational
C) Formal symbolism
D) Assimilation

Question 14

In Erikson's model of psychosocial development, in what period is bodily mutilation and disfigurement one of the death related fears?

A) Initiative vs. guilt
B) Anxious vs. confused
C) Industry vs. inferiority
D) Identity vs. role confusion

Question 15

The model of human development devised by Erikson focuses on

A) self-identity decisions.
B) stages of psychosocial development.
C) academic operations.
D) internalizing cultural norms.

Question 16

According to Erik Erikson's theory, during which developmental stage do children increasingly seek their own direction and purpose?

A) Trust vs. mistrust
B) Autonomy vs. shame
C) Initiative vs. guilt
D) Industry vs. inferiority

Question 17

By what age do most children understand that death is a changed state?

A) Preschool years
B) Early elementary years
C) Late elementary years
D) Early middle school years

Question 18

In Erikson's model, the years from about six to the beginning of puberty correspond to what stage?

A) Autonomy vs. shame
B) Initiative vs. guilt
C) Industry vs. inferiority
D) Identity vs. role confusion

Question 19

Regarding a mature concept of death, which of the following is true about universality?

A) Organisms that die cannot be made alive again.
B) Death involves the cessation of all physiological functions or signs of life.
C) All living things must eventually die.
D) There are biological reasons for the occurrence of death.

Question 20

In the study done by Helen Swain, what percentage of children said that death is unlikely or avoidable?

A) 95 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 66 percent

Question 21

All of the following tends to be an important influence on the development of children's attitudes toward death EXCEPT

A) rising funeral costs.
B) social network.
C) children's literature.
D) family.

Question 22

Agents of socialization include
1) family and peers.
2) school.
3) employers.
4) religion.

A) 1, 2, and 3
B) 2, 3, and 4
C) 1, 3, and 4
D) 1, 2, and 4

Question 23

While more young people than ever claim no religion, there seems to be a growing interest in

A) spirituality.
B) friendship.
C) near death experiences.
D) social constructionism.

Question 24

The major aspects of a mature concept of death are mastered in an unfixed, irregular sequential order.

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of resocialization?

A) Learning about death from a hospice caregiver
B) Getting married
C) Relocating to a new neighborhood
D) Joining a new urban gang

Question 26

The text cites the lullaby "Rockabye Baby" to illustrate the point that

A) some lullabies are improper bedtime stories.
B) a number of lullabies contain messages about human and animal death.
C) each ending in life is followed by renewal.
D) singing lullabies is a relatively new ritual.

Question 27

Lullabies and nursery rhymes often contain

A) wolves who eat people.
B) fairies who save people.
C) themes of death and violence.
D) supernatural powers.

Question 28

In Piaget's model, what phase is marked by formulating concepts that are abstract or symbolic?

A) Symbo-abstract
B) Preoperational
C) Fundamental operations
D) Formal operations

Question 29

Which of the following best defines socialization?

A) A process of creating visionary beliefs
B) Uprooting and restructuring basic attitudes, values, or identities
C) Learning and internalizing the norms, rules, and values of the society in which a person lives
D) Ways of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 30

The acquisition of a mature understanding of death is part of the developmental process known as

A) cognition.
B) socialization.
C) maturation.
D) ethnocentrism.

Question 31

What concept describes opportunities for learning that arise out of unplanned or unexpected occurrences?

A) Concrete operations
B) Primary socialization
C) Teachable moments
D) Nonempirical ideas

Question 32

The story of Little Red Riding Hood in Chinese tradition differs from the Western version in which of the following ways?

A) The wolf does not die in the Chinese version.
B) The wolf eats the children in the Chinese version.
C) There is no wolf in the Chinese version.
D) The three children in the Chinese version work together as a group to kill the wolf.

Question 33

In a study of nursery rhymes, approximately what percentage describe ways in which humans or animals die or are mistreated?

A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 34

What term refers to the uprooting and restructuring of basic attitudes, values, or identities?

A) Emerging adulthood
B) Psychosocial transformations
C) Resocialization
D) Enculturation

Question 35

Which answer best reflects children's understandings of John F. Kennedy's assassination?

A) Older children did not express concerns about the impact of Kennedy's death on the political system.
B) Young children worried about the appearance of the president's body and having to watch the news coverage.
C) Younger children did not know who the president was and had no interpretation of his death.
D) Younger children worried about the appearance of the president's body and the effects of the death on his family.

Question 36

A child's mature understanding of death is seen as a single, unidimensional concept.

Question 37

A "teachable moment" is one in which

A) an opportunity for learning arises out of ordinary experiences.
B) learning flows in a single direction.
C) a parent creates a situation that encourages talking about death.
D) a parent's questions, enthusiasm, and motivation guide the education process.

Question 38

According to the text, in 2014, approximately what percentage of Americans are affiliated with a religious tradition?

A) 60 percent
B) 33 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 71 percent

Question 39

________ refers to strategies used to informally teach people about death and dying, involving an effort to change people's perceptions and behaviors.

A) Tactical socialization
B) Resocialization
C) Cognitive transformations
D) Initiative manipulation

Question 40

What is the name of the Chinese version of Little Red Riding Hood or Granny Wolf?

A) Fêng-shui
B) Lon Po Po
C) Kung Hei Fat Choy
D) Koi Lai-Mai

Question 41

Non-empirical ideas are subject to strict scientific proof and observation.

Question 42

According to Piaget, we construct our knowledge based on what we already know.

Question 43

Following the assassination of President Kennedy, older children were more concerned than younger children about the appearance of the president's body.

Question 44

The Copernican stage marks the beginning of a child's moral sense.

Question 45

Nonfunctionality means that your everyday functioning (going to school or work, self-care, etc.) has diminished due to a recent loss.

Question 46

A "teachable" moment is most often best reserved for the classroom.

Question 47

Tactical socialization involves actively attempting to change people's perceptions and behaviors about some aspect of their social world.

Question 48

Lullabies containing themes of death and violence are seen predominantly in American culture and first appeared as a twentieth century form of mourning songs.

Question 49

Exercising independence is a hallmark of Erikson's autonomy versus shame and doubt stage.

Question 50

Through socialization, younger members of a society acquire knowledge from older generations.

Question 51

Veterinary schools can provide information on pet cemeteries, burials and cremation, but may not discuss hospice care for pets.

Question 52

In the nineteenth century, violence in children's stories was downplayed, virtually non-existent, and rarely graphic or gory.

Question 53

In Helen Swain's study, most children expressed the notion that death is reversible.

Question 54

Personal mortality is a subcomponent of universality.

Question 55

A mature concept of death includes causality, which implies that adults will often blame someone or something for a loved one's death.

Question 56

An example of the term resocialization is the starting of a new job.