Question 1

The goal of nursing as described by Nightingale is to:&#10;A)Work collaboratively with the physician to implement the medical orders.&#10;B)Take care of the patient's environment by cooking,cleaning,and scrubbing the floors.&#10;C)Assist the patient in his or her retention of &#34;vital powers&#34; by meeting his or her needs,thus putting the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon.&#10;D)Give the patient medicine when the medicine is due.

Accepted Answer

Nightingale believed that the goal of nursing was to assist the patient in maintaining their vitality by meeting their needs and creating a healthy environment in which nature can act upon. This goes beyond simply following medical orders, performing household tasks, or administering medication.

Question 2

Nightingale proposed nursing as:&#10;A)An extension of the environment.&#10;B)An art and a science.&#10;C)Empirical science.&#10;D)Physician's handmaiden.

Accepted Answer

Nightingale proposed nursing as both an art and a science, emphasizing the importance of technical skills as well as the compassionate and caring aspects of nursing. She did not view nursing as solely an extension of the environment or as a physician's handmaiden, and while she did value the use of empirical evidence in healthcare, she did not describe nursing specifically as an empirical science.

Question 3

Nightingale defined a nurse as any woman who had "charge of the personal health of somebody" whether well,as in caring for babies and children,or sick,as an "invalid" (Nightingale,1860/1969).It was assumed that:

A)All women,at one time or another in their lives,would nurse.
B)All women needed to know the laws of health.
C)Nursing proper,or "sick" nursing,was both an art and a science and required organized,formal education to care for those suffering from disease.
D)All of the above

All of the above

Accepted Answer

Nightingale believed that all women would have the responsibility of nursing at some point in their lives, but also believed that proper "sick" nursing required organized education. Additionally, she believed that all women needed to have a basic understanding of the laws of health. Therefore, all three options are correct.

Question 4

In the mid-19th century,there were two competing theories regarding the nature and origin of disease.These competing theories were:&#10;A)Localization and specificity.&#10;B)Contagionism and quarantine.&#10;C)Vectorism and pollution.&#10;D)Atmosphere and environment.

Accepted Answer

The two competing theories in the mid-19th century regarding the nature and origin of disease were contagionism and quarantine. Contagionism held that disease was caused by a specific agent that could be transmitted from person to person, while quarantine involved isolating individuals who were infected to prevent the spread of disease. The other choices are not accurate representations of the competing theories during this time period.

Question 5

Cultural feminism is defined as:&#10;A)The idea that women are a product of the culture.&#10;B)A belief in inherent gender differences.&#10;C)The emancipation of women as a cultural fad.&#10;D)The corruption of women by masculine politics.

Accepted Answer

Cultural feminism is a belief in inherent gender differences, with the belief that these differences should be celebrated and valued. It posits that women's unique qualities should be honored and respected, and that these qualities are an essential part of human diversity.

Question 6

Nightingale isolated five environmental components essential to an individual's health.Select the correct grouping from the following:&#10;A)Calming colors,quiet,comfortable temperature,clean air,pure water.&#10;B)Clean air,pure water,efficient drainage,cleanliness,light.&#10;C)Light,color,sound,smell,temperature.&#10;D)Pure food,clean water,cleanliness,quiet,calming color.

Accepted Answer

Nightingale's components were focused on the physical environment in which a patient is treated or living. The components in option B relate to basic environmental cleanliness, sanitation, and ventilation which are essential for preventing the spread of disease and wound healing. The components in other options are related to sensory and emotional environments that can influence patient well-being but are not explicitly mentioned in the Nightingale components.

Question 7

According to Nightingale,a nurse is defined as:&#10;A)The handmaiden of the physician.&#10;B)A member of the moral majority.&#10;C)Any woman who had charge of the personal health of somebody,whether well or sick.&#10;D)An individual who felt a calling to take charge of the sick.

Accepted Answer

Nightingale defined a nurse as "any woman who had charge of the personal health of somebody, whether well or sick." This definition is broader than the other options presented and emphasizes the importance of caring for individuals as a whole, not just treating their illness.

Question 8

In Nightingale's mind,the specific &#34;scientific&#34; activity of nursing that was the central element in health care,without which medicine and surgery would be ineffective,is which of the following:&#10;A)Preparing nutritious meals.&#10;B)Maintaining an aesthetic environment.&#10;C)Maintaining hygiene.&#10;D)Sustaining a quiet environment.

Accepted Answer

Nightingale believed that maintaining proper hygiene was the key scientific activity of nursing, as it could prevent the spread of disease and infection. She emphasized the importance of cleanliness in hospitals, including regular hand-washing, sanitation of equipment and bedding, and proper disposal of waste. Without these measures, medicine and surgery would be ineffective in preventing the spread of disease. While preparing nutritious meals, maintaining an aesthetic environment, and sustaining a quiet environment are also important aspects of patient care, they are not the central element that Nightingale identified as critical to effective health care.

Deck 4: Florence Nightingales Conceptualizations of Nursing