Deck 12: Blood

Question 1

Which of the following elements is included in hemoglobin molecules?

A) cobalt
B) copper
C) iron
D) iodine
E) calcium

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following serves as an enzyme in the blood coagulation mechanism?

A) thrombin
B) prothrombin
C) fibrinogen
D) fibrin
E) serotonin

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The normal white blood cell count is between

A) 400-1,100 cells per microliter of blood.
B) 4,000-11,000 cells per microliter of blood.
C) 40,000-110,000 cells per microliter of blood.
D) 4,000,000-11,000,000 cells per microliter of blood.
E) 130,000-360,000 cells per microliter of blood.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Nonprotein nitrogenous substances include

A) amino acids.
B) urea.
C) uric acid.
D) creatine.
E) all of these.

Question 5

The most important action of plasma albumins is

A) acting as antibodies of immunity.
B) helping to control bleeding.
C) serving as energy sources.
D) helping to maintain blood osmotic pressure.
E) transporting lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 6

Sickle cell disease,in which red blood cells contain abnormal hemoglobin,is caused by

A) a lack of dietary iron.
B) a lack of intrinsic factor.
C) an excess of hemoglobin.
D) a mutation.
E) a virus.

Question 7

Of the plasma electrolytes,the most abundant are

A) sodium and chloride ions.
B) sodium and potassium ions.
C) potassium and calcium ions.
D) phosphate and sulfate ions.
E) magnesium and phosphate ions.

Question 8

Hematocrit is

A) the percent of red blood cells in a blood sample.
B) a disease.
C) a clotting factor.
D) the color of plasma.
E) none of the above.

Question 9

The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of

A) fibrinogen to fibrin.
B) fibrin to fibrinogen.
C) thrombin to prothrombin.
D) vitamin K to prothrombin.
E) red blood cells to platelets.

Question 10

The condition called cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of

A) deoxyhemoglobin.
B) oxyhemoglobin.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) carbon monoxide.
E) oxygen.

Question 11

As a platelet plug forms,platelets release the vasoconstricting substance called

A) collagen.
B) creatine.
C) serotonin.
D) fibrin.
E) acetylcholine.

Question 12

The most active phagocytic cells among the leukocytes are

A) basophils and eosinophils.
B) neutrophils and monocytes.
C) lymphocytes and neutrophils.
D) monocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 13

The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about

A) 15%.
B) 30%.
C) 45%.
D) 60%.
E) 80%.

Question 14

Which of the following usually accounts for the smallest percentage of leukocytes in a blood sample?

A) monocytes
B) eosinophils
C) basophils
D) lymphocytes
E) neutrophils

Question 15

The biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei when they are mature are the

A) white blood cells.
B) red blood cells.
C) platelets.
D) macrophages.
E) plasma cells.

Question 16

Patients with leukemia have a tendency to bleed because they have a deficiency of

A) vitamin K.
B) red blood cells.
C) platelets.
D) leukocytes.
E) plasma.

Question 17

Which of the following is an agranulocyte?

A) basophil
B) eosinophil
C) monocyte
D) neutrophil
E) polymorphonuclear leukocyte

Question 18

Platelets are best defined as

A) giant,multinucleated cells.
B) cytoplasmic fragments of cells.
C) immature leukocytes.
D) lymphoid cells.
E) stem cells.

Question 19

A primary function of lymphocytes is to

A) phagocytize damaged cells.
B) produce enzymes that dissolve blood clots.
C) release substances that initiate blood clots.
D) act against foreign substances.
E) stimulate formation of red blood cells.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT required in the formation of a blood clot?

A) calcium
B) fibrinogen
C) prothrombin
D) albumin
E) vitamin K

Question 21

The most common blood type in the United States has which type(s)of antibodies in its plasma?

A) anti-A antibodies only
B) anti-B antibodies only
C) both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
D) neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
E) anti-O antibodies

Question 22

Prothrombin time is a blood test used to evaluate

A) ABO blood type.
B) Rh blood type.
C) blood clotting.
D) blood flow.
E) serotonin levels.

Question 23

Blood tests revealed a low hematocrit level,which explained why Mr.Jenkins had been feeling so tired and listless.A deficiency of red blood cells reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood,a condition called ________.

A) anemia
B) anoxia
C) polycythemia
D) hypoxia
E) leukemia

Question 24

Adults of average height and weight have a total blood volume of about ________.

A) 5 L
B) 7 L
C) 4 L
D) 6 L

Question 25

This component normally makes up about 45% of blood volume and this percentage is known as the hematocrit.

A) red blood cells
B) white blood cells
C) plasma
D) platelets

Question 26

A high red blood cell count can indicate a greater ability to carry oxygen.A normal count for men is about ________ and for women it is about ________.

A) 4.2 - 4.7 million cells/mm³,5.4 - 6.1 million cells/mm³
B) 4.2 - 5.4 million cells/mm³,4.7 - 6.1 million cells/mm³
C) 5.4 - 6.1 million cells/mm³,4.2 - 4.7 million cells/mm³
D) 4.7 - 6.1 million cells/mm³,4.2 - 5.4 million cells/mm³

Question 27

What is the average life span of an erythrocyte?

A) 6 months
B) 4 months
C) 2 years
D) 5 months
E) 3 months

Question 28

Erythroblastosis fetalis can be prevented by treating

A) Rh-positive mother with Rh-positive blood cells.
B) Rh-positive mothers with anti-Rh agglutinins (antibodies).
C) Rh-negative mothers with Rh-positive blood cells.
D) Rh-negative mothers with anti-Rh agglutinins (antibodies).
E) Rh-positive fetuses with Rh-positive blood cells.

Question 29

Only 4 atoms of this trace element are present in hemoglobin,but they mark the 4 binding sites for oxygen.

A) nitrogen
B) carbon
C) hydrogen
D) iron
E) none of these

Question 30

The flattened bioconcave disc shape of an erythrocyte __________.

A) increases the cell's surface area-to-volume ratio
B) allows more hemoglobin molecules to be closer to the plasma membrane
C) enhances the cell's ability to divide
D) all of these
E) both a and b

Question 31

The blueish color of skin and mucous membranes due to prolonged oxygen deficiency is called ________.

A) carbon monoxide poisoning
B) hypoxia
C) cyanosis
D) oxyhemoglobin

Question 32

All blood cells and platelets develop from this stem cell.

A) megacaryoblast
B) myeloblast
C) hemocytoblast
D) promyelocyte

Question 33

Which statement about blood,if any,is false?

A) Blood is a transport system for nutrients,wastes,hormones and heat distribution.
B) Blood can be a transport system for disease.
C) Blood connects the body's internal environment to the external environment.
D) The formed elements are suspended in the plasma.
E) A - d are all true of the blood.

Question 34

Two substances that are useful for dissolving blood clots are

A) thrombus and embolus.
B) urokinase and streptokinase.
C) factor IV and factor XII.
D) calcium ions and prothrombin activator.
E) vitamin K and calcium.

Question 35

Red blood cell formation is called _______ .

A) hemostasis
B) erythromitosis
C) hemoporesis
D) erythropoiesis

Question 36

This structural feature of erythrocytes (RBCs)provides increased surface area for oxygen diffusion.

A) microvilli
B) biconcave disc shape
C) overlapping folds in the plasma membrane

Question 37

Formation of red blood cells is stimulated by this hormone.

A) aldosterone
B) erythropoietin
C) ACTH
D) calcitonin
E) somatomedin

Question 38

In an inherited disorder called hemochromatosis,the small intestine absorbs many times the normal amount of this element.

A) iron
B) cobalt
C) thalium
D) calcium
E) none of these

Question 39

What iron storage disease is inherited and if left untreated,leads to a toxic buildup in body tissues?

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Addison's disease
C) hemochromacytosis
D) Sickle cell disease

Question 40

What inherited disorder causes hemoglobin molecules to bend into an abnormal shape,blocking blood flow and severely impairing oxygen delivery to tissues?

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Addison's disease
C) hemochromacytosis
D) Sickle cell disease

Question 41

What could a high white blood cell count indicate?

A) leukemia
B) appendicitis
C) sickle cell anemia
D) a and b
E) a and c

Question 42

What is the function of the hormone thrombopoietin?

A) It stimulates platelet formation.
B) It inhibits platelet formation.
C) It stimulates thrombus formation.
D) It inhibits megakaryocyte formation.

Question 43

These are the largest white blood cells (WBCs),make up 3% - 9% of circulating WBCs,and have a life span of weeks or even months.

A) neutrophils
B) lymphocytes
C) monocytes
D) eosinophils
E) basophils

Question 44

Some of these WBCs may live for years.

A) neutrophils
B) lymphocytes
C) monocytes
D) eosinophils
E) basophils

Question 45

What is biliverdin?

A) a red-orange pigment molecule that is converted to carotene
B) a green pigment resulting from hemoglobin breakdown
C) a yellow pigment that results from the zinc-containing product of hemoglobin
D) the yellow pigment that gives urine its color

Question 46

Jaundice is caused by an accumulation of this substance,which is a product of erythrocyte breakdown.

A) bilirubin
B) biliverdin
C) biliholiday

Question 47

What term below specifically refers to a condition of having too many white blood cells?

A) lymphedema
B) leukopenia
C) leukocytosis
D) polycythemia

Question 48

These phagocytic cells have segmented nuclei and make up more than half of all white blood cells.

A) lymphocytes
B) granulocytes
C) agranulocytes
D) leukocytes
E) neutrophils

Question 49

These cells make up 25% - 33% of all circulating WBCs and are closest in size to RBCs.

A) neutrophils
B) lymphocytes
C) monocytes
D) eosinophils
E) basophils

Question 50

What test reveals the percentage of each WBC present in a patient's blood sample?

A) hematocrit
B) DIFF count
C) western blot
D) glucose tolerance
E) buffy coat analysis

Question 51

What term refers to a white cell count that is lower than normal?

A) leukocytocis
B) polycythemia
C) leukopenia
D) thrombocytosis
E) hemolytic anemia

Question 52

Which below is NOT true of eosinophils?

A) They are weakly phagocytic.
B) They are attracted to and can kill certain parasites.
C) They help control inflammation and allergy responses.
D) They become macrophages.

Question 53

What is the average life span of a granulocyte?

A) 4 months
B) 30 days
C) 2 weeks
D) 12 hours
E) none of these

Question 54

Which type of white blood cells leave circulation and become macrophages?

A) neutrophils
B) lymphocytes
C) monocytes
D) eosinophils
E) basophils

Question 55

The normal range for this granulocyte is 1% - 3% of all circulating WBCs.

A) neutrophil
B) lymphocyte
C) monocyte
D) eosinophil
E) basophil

Question 56

Granules in these WBCs appear very dark blue in a basic stain;these cells account for less than 1% of circulating WBCs.

A) neutrophils
B) lymphocytes
C) monocytes
D) eosinophils
E) basophils

Question 57

Which substance is NOT an organic nutrient present in plasma?

A) glucose
B) lipids
C) amino acids
D) calcium

Question 58

What is the function of a megakaryocyte?

A) It is a cell from which all types of white blood cells develop.
B) It is a cell from which monocytes develop.
C) It is the stem cell from which all blood cells develop.
D) It is a cell that forms many platelets.

Question 59

How are white blood cells able to leave blood vessels and enter tissue spaces?

A) osmotic pressure
B) diffusion
C) diapedesis
D) agglutination

Question 60

These white blood cells usually have bilobed nuclei and cytoplasm filled with granules that appear deeply red in an acidic stain.

A) eosinophil
B) basophil
C) monocyte
D) neutrophil
E) lymphocyte

Question 61

Plasma contains fibrinogen;serum does not.

Question 62

A build up of bilirubin causes the yellowish coloration seen in jaundice.

Question 63

A platelet plug is formed when fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.

Question 64

A red blood cell contains a large nucleus;it is thicker near the center and thin around the rim of the cell.

Question 65

Vitamin B12 is important for the production of red blood cells because it is utilized in the synthesis of intrinsic factor.

Question 66

Persons with type AB blood are sometimes called universal donors.

Question 67

What is the major event in blood clotting?

A) formation of collagen
B) formation of platelet plug
C) vasospasm
D) formation of fibrin
E) formation of plasmin

Question 68

Blood is a type of epithelial tissue.

Question 69

What blood group antibodies are present in people whose blood type is O^-?

A) anti-A antibodies
B) anti-B antibodies
C) Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
D) Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

Question 70

Macrophages phagocytize old red blood cells and transport hemoglobin to the kidney for elimination.

Question 71

What happens when a person with anti-A antibodies receives a transfusion of type A blood?

A) nothing
B) blood clot formation
C) agglutination
D) hemorrhage

Question 72

________ is the term for stopping bleeding.

A) hemolysis
B) hemostasis
C) agglutination
D) hematomesis
E) homeostasis

Question 73

What event below could cause smooth muscle of a blood vessel to go into spasms?

A) vessel injury
B) parasympathetic stimulation
C) formation of a blood clot
D) a deficiency of plasma globulins

Question 74

Mature red blood cells cannot divide,do not synthesize hemoglobin and cannot conduct aerobic respiration.

Question 75

What two vitamins significantly influence red blood cell production and are essential for DNA synthesis?

A) Vitamins A and D
B) Folic acid and vitamin B₁₂
C) Vitamins A and C
D) Vitamins C and D
E) Folic acid and vitamin D

Question 76

Which plasma component below is NOT a nonprotein nitrogenous substance?

A) urea
B) uric acid
C) creatinine
D) keratin

Question 77

Formed elements of the blood include proteins,cells,and cell fragments.

Question 78

Which statement is true about people with blood type A⁺?

A) They have anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies.
B) They have anti-B and anti-Rh antibodies.
C) They have anti-B and anti-O antibodies.
D) They have A antigens and Rh antigens.
E) They have B antigens.

Question 79

Plasma makes up more than half (55%)of the volume of blood.

Question 80

What blood group antigens are present in people whose blood type is O^- ?

A) Rh antigen
B) A antigen
C) B antigen
D) All of these
E) None of these