Deck 7: Skeletal System

Question 1

An osteocyte is a ________

A) bone forming cell.
B) cell that breaks down bone.
C) bone cell surrounded by matrix.
D) bone marrow cell.
E) nerve cell in the bone.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is part of the facial skeleton?

A) parietal bone
B) maxillary bone
C) sphenoid bone
D) temporal bone
E) ethmoid bone

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following bones is NOT included within the lower limb?

A) ulna
B) femur
C) tibia
D) fibula
E) patella

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The salts that are abundant in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue consist largely of ________

A) calcium phosphate.
B) sodium chloride.
C) calcium carbonate.
D) calcium sulfate.
E) sodium bicarbonate.

Question 5

The cells responsible for removing excess bone tissue after the fracture repair process are _______

A) fibroblasts.
B) chondrocytes.
C) osteoblasts.
D) osteoclasts.
E) osteocytes.

Question 6

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of ________

A) osteocytes.
B) red blood cells only.
C) white blood cells only.
D) red and white blood cells only.
E) red and white blood cells and platelets.

Question 7

Vitamin D is needed for the proper absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

Question 8

Osteoclasts are large cells that cause the breakdown of osseous tissue.

Question 9

________ are the cells that form bone tissue by depositing bony matrix around themselves.

Question 10

The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head,neck,and trunk.

Question 11

A long bone grows in thickness as bone tissue is deposited beneath its ___________.

Question 12

Which of the following increase(s)the risk of developing osteoporosis?

A) low intake of dietary calcium
B) lack of physical exercise
C) smoking
D) low intake of vitamin D
E) all of these

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a step in the formation of endochondral bone?

A) Hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone.
B) Periosteum forms from connective tissue on the outside of the developing bone.
C) Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.
D) Osteoblasts deposit osseous tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage.
E) Osteoblasts deposit compact bone beneath the periosteum.

Question 14

__________ is the process of blood cell formation.

Question 15

Which of the following is included in the pectoral girdle?

A) Hip bone
B) Sternum
C) Sacrum
D) Scapula
E) Coccyx

Question 16

The ___________ is the thin layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity within a long bone.

Question 17

Bone that develops within sheetlike layers of connective tissue is called ________

A) endochondral bone.
B) intramembranous bone.
C) cartilaginous bone.
D) osteoclastic bone.
E) appendicular bone.

Question 18

The microscopic bony chambers that house mature bone cells are called ________

A) lacunae.
B) central canals.
C) osteons.
D) perforating canals.
E) canaliculi.

Question 19

The zygomatic arch is composed of processes of the _______

A) zygomatic and temporal bones.
B) zygomatic and maxilla bones.
C) maxilla and temporal bones.
D) temporal and parietal bones.
E) zygomatic and sphenoid bones.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT included in the appendicular skeleton?

A) pectoral girdle
B) vertebral column
C) upper limbs
D) pelvic girdle
E) lower limbs

Question 21

The tarsal bones form the wrist.

Question 22

The bones of the wrist together form the __________.

Question 23

A bone includes _______

A) bone tissue.
B) blood.
C) dense connective tissue.
D) cartilage.
E) all of these.

Question 24

Synovial fluid moistens and lubricates the cartilaginous surfaces within a joint.

Question 25

The importance of fontanels in the infant's skull is to permit some movement of bones,thereby enabling the infant to pass more easily through the birth canal.

Question 26

A meniscus functions to cushion articulating surfaces of bones.

Question 27

The humerus has an olecranon fossa.

Question 28

The joints between the vertebrae of the backbone are best described as _______

A) immovable.
B) slightly movable.
C) freely movable.
D) synovial.
E) fibrous.

Question 29

Cervical vertebrae can be distinguished from other types by the presence of

A) transverse foramina.
B) transverse processes.
C) articulating processes.
D) vertebral foramina.
E) intervertebral discs.

Question 30

A hip bone includes a (an)_______

A) ilium.
B) ischium.
C) pubis.
D) acetabulum.
E) all of these.

Question 31

The cartilaginous structures that separate the vertebrae are called __________.

Question 32

The movement of a limb away from the midline is ________.

Question 33

The joint created by the two pubic bones is the __________.

Question 34

A cleft palate results from incomplete development of the _______

A) palatine bones.
B) maxillae.
C) mandible.
D) vomer bone.
E) frontal bone.

Question 35

Which of the following bones has an acromion process?

A) sternum
B) scapula
C) clavicle
D) humerus
E) vertebra

Question 36

The parietal bones meet the frontal bone along the sagittal suture.

Question 37

The zygomatic bone is an example of a (an)_______

A) long bone.
B) short bone.
C) flat bone.
D) irregular bone.
E) sesamoid bone.

Question 38

The hip joint is a pivot joint.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

A) to protect soft tissues
B) to house blood-producing cells
C) to provide nervous communication from bone to muscle
D) to store inorganic salts
E) to provide points of attachment for muscles

Question 40

The degenerative joint disease osteoarthritis may develop as a result of damage to the _______

A) articular cartilage.
B) diaphysis.
C) epiphyseal plate.
D) periosteum.
E) medullary cavity.

Question 41

Osteocytes exchange substances with nearby cells by means of cellular processes passing through ________.

A) canaliculi
B) central canals
C) lacunae
D) trabeculae

Question 42

Osteocytes and layers of extracellular matrix,which are concentrically clustered around a central canal,for a cylinder-shaped unit are called __________.

A) an osteocyte
B) an osteum
C) an osteon
D) osteoblasts

Question 43

Which of the following terms and descriptions is correctly paired?

A) extension-bending the leg at the knee or decreasing the angle between the femur and tibia
B) adduction-lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body or moving a part away from the midline
C) pronation-turning the hand so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position)
D) retraction-moving a part forward or thrusting the head forward
E) elevation-lowering a part or drooping the shoulders

Question 44

What is the name of the numerous branching bony plates located in spongy bone?

A) trabeculae
B) articular cartilage
C) lamellae
D) lacunae

Question 45

Sinuses are found within all of the following bones except the _______

A) frontal bone.
B) maxillae.
C) zygomatic bones.
D) ethmoid bones.
E) sphenoid bones.

Question 46

The femur _______

A) is the longest bone in the body.
B) extends from the hip to the knee.
C) has a large rounded head.
D) articulates with the patella.
E) is all of these.

Question 47

Which of the following bony tunnels contain blood vessels and nerves?

A) canaliculi
B) central canals
C) perforating canals
D) b and c
E) a,b,and c

Question 48

What is (are)the function(s)of collagen in bone?

A) to provide strength
B) to provide resilience
C) to provide hardness
D) a and b
E) all of these

Question 49

The region of the long bone located between the epiphyses is the ________.

A) diaphysis
B) periosteum
C) osteoblast
D) articular cartilage

Question 50

What is the band of cartilage found in the epiphyses of long bones?

A) endosteum
B) osteoblast
C) epiphyseal plate
D) perosteum
E) epiphyseal line

Question 51

Most people have 24 ribs.

Question 52

The xiphoid process is part of the ________.

Question 53

Which of the following describes the female pelvis compared to that of the male?

A) The distance between the female ischial tuberosities is less.
B) The distance between the female ischial spines is greater.
C) The female iliac bones are less flared.
D) The female pelvic cavity is narrower.
E) The female coccyx is less movable.

Question 54

Bones are classified according to their shape.Which of the following is an example of a long bone?

A) patella
B) rib
C) vertebra
D) femur

Question 55

Which of the following factors influence bone development,growth and repair?

A) nutrition
B) hormones
C) physical exercise
D) all of the above

Question 56

Which is not a function of bones?

A) Provide points of attachment for muscles
B) Store inorganic salts
C) Support and protect softer tissues
D) Generate heat
E) House blood producing cells

Question 57

The marrow-filled space in the diaphysis of a long bone is the __________.

A) endosteum
B) osteoblast
C) articular cartilage
D) medullary cavity

Question 58

Which type of bone originates from hyaline cartilage models?

A) intramembranous bones
B) endochondral bones
C) flat bones of the skull
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 59

Articular cartilage is _______

A) hyaline cartilage.
B) fibrocartilage.
C) elastic cartilage.
D) found only in the knees and elbows.
E) located on the diaphysis of long bones.

Question 60

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that _______

A) the bone is broken.
B) the bone is dead.
C) the bone is increasing in diameter.
D) the bone is lengthening.
E) the bone is no longer lengthening.

Question 61

What bone articulates with the tibia,patella and coxal bones?

A) humerus
B) fibula
C) hyoid
D) femur

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a bone found on a lower limb?

A) metacarpal
B) phalange
C) fibula
D) femur

Question 63

An opening through a bone that is usually a passageway for blood vessels,nerves or ligaments is called a _______.

A) fossa
B) foramen
C) sulcus
D) sinus

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

A) skull
B) pelvis
C) sacrum
D) hyoid bone

Question 65

The region where blood vessels and osteoblasts invade the disintegrating cartilage model at the end of a long bone is called ________.

A) a primary ossification center
B) an epiphyseal plate
C) the medullary cavity
D) a secondary ossification center

Question 66

Which of the following can accumulate in bones and has the potential to be harmful?

A) phosphorus
B) magnesium
C) carbonate ions
D) strontium

Question 67

In which extraembryonic membrane does hematopoiesis occur?

A) allantois
B) chorion
C) amnion
D) yolk sac

Question 68

The rounded process of a bone that usually articulates with another bone is called a(n)__________.

A) condyle
B) epicondyle
C) fovea
D) tubercle

Question 69

Which of the following is a factor that influences bone development?

A) nutrition
B) hormone secretion
C) physical exercise
D) all of the above

Question 70

Damage to what part of a bone can cause it to prematurely stop elongating?

A) diaphysis
B) shaft
C) medullary cavity
D) epiphyseal plate

Question 71

Which of the following types of cells are the least specialized?

A) osteoblasts
B) osteocytes
C) progenitor cells
D) osteoclasts

Question 72

What bone articulates with the humerus and carpal bones?

A) ulna
B) radius
C) scapula
D) a and b

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT a basic component of a lever?

A) rod
B) fulcrum
C) force
D) handle

Question 74

When the upper limb straightens at the elbow,the triceps brachii represents which part of the lever?

A) rod
B) fulcrum
C) force
D) resistance

Question 75

When the upper limb straightens at the elbow,the elbow joint represents which part of the lever?

A) rod
B) fulcrum
C) force
D) resistance

Question 76

What type of cell breaks down the calcified extracellular matrix in developing bones?

A) osteoblasts
B) osteoclasts
C) osteocytes
D) osteophages

Question 77

Which bones,or set of bones,support the body's weight?

A) the bones of the lower limbs
B) the pelvis
C) the bones of the upper limbs
D) a and b
E) a,b and c

Question 78

Where are blood cells manufactured in adults?

A) liver
B) spleen
C) bone marrow
D) a and b
E) a,b and c

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT a function of red marrow?

A) store fat
B) formation of red blood cells
C) formation of white blood cells
D) formation of platelets

Question 80

The thoracic cage includes which of the following?

A) twelve pairs of ribs
B) hyoid bone
C) sternum
D) a and c
E) a,b and c