Deck 3: Cells

Question 1

Specialized structures within cells are called organelles.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

During the metaphase of mitosis,chromosomes line up between the two centrioles.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A neuron and an astrocyte can descend from the same progenitor cell.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Interphase is a "time out" in the cell cycle,when the cell rests its synthetic activities.

Question 5

A cell that secretes abundant proteins,such as a cell in the pancreas secreting insulin,would have extra nuclei.

Question 6

The basic framework of a cell membrane is a triple layer of lipid molecules.

Question 7

A microfilament is made of tiny rods of actin protein.

Question 8

An adult human body has about

A) 200 million cells.
B) 750 million cells.
C) 1 trillion cells.
D) 75 trillion cells.
E) 1 quadrillion cells.

Question 9

The genetic material (DNA)is the component of the cell that carries hereditary information.

Question 10

Too infrequent cell division can lead to cancer,whereas too frequent cell division can delay wound healing.

Question 11

A lysosome is an example of a cellular organelle.

Question 12

In anaphase of mitosis,centromeres and duplicated parts of chromosomes separate.

Question 13

In terms of cell lineages,a blood cell is more closely related to a bone cell than to a skin cell.

Question 14

The Golgi apparatus contains DNA.

Question 15

In osmosis,water diffuses down its concentration gradient.

Question 16

A 5 percent solution of glucose is isotonic to human cells.

Question 17

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is called diffusion.

Question 18

A structure that transports secretions from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus is a vesicle.

Question 19

An organelle that is a fluid-filled sac with inner partitions studded with enzymes is a mitochondrion.

Question 20

Cells in different tissues vary considerably.Which of the following determines a cell's specialized function?

A) the number of cells of that type
B) size
C) shape
D) which genes it uses
E) the requirements of the body in a particular situation

Question 21

Membrane proteins are classified by their

A) position.
B) size.
C) abundance.
D) amino acid diversity.
E) oiliness.

Question 22

Clusters of ribosomes in the cytoplasm are called

A) mitochondria.
B) inclusions.
C) polysomes.
D) polysaccharides.
E) microtubules.

Question 23

Vesicles are formed mainly by folding of the

A) lysosomal membrane.
B) nuclear membrane.
C) cell membrane.
D) endoplasmic reticulum.
E) Golgi apparatus.

Question 24

A cell membrane is composed mostly of

A) DNA and RNA.
B) carbohydrates and lipids.
C) proteins and nucleic acids.
D) sugars and starches.
E) proteins and lipids.

Question 25

Which type of cell has many mitochondria?

A) red blood cell
B) fat
C) nerve
D) skin
E) muscle

Question 26

A composite cell has three basic parts.They are the

A) nucleus,ribosomes and mitochondria.
B) cell membrane,nucleus and cytoplasm.
C) cell membrane,ion channels and cytoplasm.
D) nucleus,Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum.
E) centrioles,mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 27

A glycoprotein that extends from the surface of a cell may

A) indicate whether protein synthesis is taking place in the cell.
B) combine with other glycoproteins to form cilia.
C) mark the cell as belonging to a particular type of tissue or organ in a particular person.
D) dip back inside the cell if a person contracts an infection.
E) form a lipid bilayer.

Question 28

The activity that takes place on ribosomes is

A) protein synthesis.
B) DNA synthesis.
C) carbohydrate synthesis.
D) energy acquisition.
E) cell division.

Question 29

The rods and tubules of the cytoskeleton are built of

A) carbohydrates.
B) cilia.
C) lipids.
D) protein.
E) endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 30

The process that kidneys use to cleanse blood is

A) filtration.
B) active transport.
C) exocytosis.
D) facilitated diffusion.
E) protein synthesis.

Question 31

A type of cell that has a flagellum is a(n)

A) egg.
B) sperm.
C) nerve cell.
D) muscle cell.
E) white blood cell.

Question 32

A ligand is a molecule that enters a cell using

A) active transport.
B) exocytosis.
C) receptor-mediated endocytosis.
D) pinocytosis.
E) passive diffusion.

Question 33

Ribosomes are composed largely of protein and

A) RNA.
B) DNA.
C) lipid.
D) carbohydrate.
E) water.

Question 34

Two functions of the cell membrane are

A) housing the DNA and accessing the DNA.
B) enabling the cell to communicate with and attach to other cells.
C) to produce and break down secretions.
D) to provide cellular energy and to produce mitochondria.
E) to move the cell and help it to divide.

Question 35

The interior of a cell membrane is oily because

A) the membrane drinks in oils.
B) the phospholipid tails are made of fatty acids.
C) the phospholipid heads are made of fatty acids.
D) the secretory network passes oils to the outside of the cell.
E) the secretory network captures oils from outside the cell.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?

A) proteins
B) lipids
C) cholesterol
D) glycerol
E) glycogen

Question 37

Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a

A) formless liquid.
B) cellular inclusion.
C) network of interconnected membranes.
D) thread that sticks out from the cell membrane.
E) the genetic headquarters of the cell.

Question 38

Attached to the surfaces of rough endoplasmic reticulum are

A) nucleoli.
B) ribosomes.
C) chromosomes.
D) lysosomes.
E) cell membranes.

Question 39

A nucleolus is composed largely of

A) RNA and DNA.
B) RNA and lipid.
C) DNA and protein.
D) DNA and lipid.
E) RNA and protein.

Question 40

The organelle that houses enzymes that degrade cellular debris is the

A) lysosome.
B) peroxisome.
C) mitochondrion.
D) nucleus.
E) Golgi apparatus.

Question 41

Tiny droplets of fluid can enter and cross a cell membrane from the outside in a process called

A) phagocytosis.
B) active transport.
C) passive transport.
D) pinocytosis.
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 42

White blood cells that take in particles and cellular debris are termed

A) pinocytes.
B) erythrocytes.
C) phagocytes.
D) ligands.
E) endocytes.

Question 43

An organelle type that is built of microtubules and fringes the free surfaces of certain cell types is a

A) cilium.
B) nucleolus.
C) vesicle.
D) endoplasmic reticulum.
E) cell tail.

Question 44

The mechanism of membrane transport that requires an input of energy is

A) passive transport.
B) active transport.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) passive diffusion.
E) active diffusion.

Question 45

If a solution outside of a cell contains a greater concentration of dissolved particles than the contents of the cell,the solution is said to be

A) isotonic.
B) iso-osmotic.
C) hypertonic.
D) hypotonic.
E) isometric.

Question 46

Mitochondria

A) manufacture protein.
B) release energy from glucose molecules.
C) digest lipid molecules.
D) are in the nucleus.
E) can substitute for nuclei.

Question 47

Adrenoleukodystrophy is an inborn error of metabolism that causes brain degeneration starting at age 5 or 6.The defect is in peroxisomes,organelles that

A) contain DNA.
B) enable a cell to extract energy from nutrient molecules.
C) enable a cell to move.
D) house several types of enzymes.
E) store fat.

Question 48

Centromeres pull apart during

A) anaphase.
B) prophase.
C) metaphase.
D) telophase.
E) apoptosis.

Question 49

A typical cell has ion channels that number in the

A) hundreds.
B) thousands.
C) millions.
D) billions.
E) trillions.

Question 50

The process that moves sodium ions from an area of relatively low concentration inside a cell to an area of higher concentration outside the cell is called

A) osmosis.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) active transport.
D) exocytosis.
E) diffusion.

Question 51

Which of the following processes uses specific carrier molecules?

A) phagocytosis
B) pinocytosis
C) active transport
D) dialysis
E) diffusion

Question 52

Which of the following cellular transport processes requires the greatest expenditure of cellular energy?

A) diffusion
B) osmosis
C) active transport
D) dialysis
E) passive transport

Question 53

Nerve cells release neurotransmitters using

A) exocytosis.
B) endocytosis.
C) pinocytosis.
D) phagocytosis.
E) cytocytosis.

Question 54

If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside

A) water will tend to enter the cell by osmosis.
B) water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis.
C) glucose will tend to enter the cell by osmosis.
D) glucose will tend to leave the cell by osmosis.
E) nucleoli.

Question 55

A centrosome consists of two structures called

A) centrioles.
B) centromeres.
C) nuclei.
D) vesicles.
E) chromosomes.

Question 56

Which of the following lists includes the phases of mitosis in the correct sequence?

A) Prophase,metaphase,telophase,anaphase
B) Prophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase
C) Telophase,prophase,metaphase,anaphase
D) Anaphase,metaphase,prophase,telophase
E) Meiosis,mitosis,apoptosis

Question 57

Which of the following is isotonic to red blood cells?

A) 0.9 percent NaCl solution
B) distilled water
C) 0.9 percent glucose solution
D) 0.5 percent glucose solution
E) 1.4 percent galactose solution

Question 58

The process by which glucose can pass through a membrane using special carrier proteins is called

A) facilitated transport.
B) osmosis.
C) active transport.
D) endocytosis.
E) diffusion.

Question 59

Movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration depends upon

A) osmotic pressure.
B) barometric pressure.
C) atmospheric pressure.
D) oncotic pressure.
E) hydrostatic pressure.

Question 60

The series of changes that a cell undergoes from when it forms to when it divides is called

A) mitosis.
B) interphase.
C) apoptosis.
D) the cell cycle.
E) cell death.

Question 61

The phases of the cell cycle are

A) interphase,mitosis and cytokinesis.
B) interphase,mitosis and meiosis.
C) prophase,metaphase,anaphase and telophase.
D) intraphase,meiosis and telophase.
E) different in different cell types.

Question 62

Nuclear pores are channels composed of tubulin,a single protein that also forms microfilaments.

Question 63

The spread of cancer cells beyond the tissue where they originated is called

A) mitosis.
B) apoptosis.
C) metastasis.
D) angiogenesis.
E) meiosis.

Question 64

Cells that are long and have threadlike extensions that conduct electrical impulses from one part of the body to another are most likely to be ________.

A) epithelial cells.
B) nerve cells.
C) muscle cells.
D) connective tissue cells.

Question 65

Most cells contain only the parts of DNA necessary to perform the cell's specific functions.

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic step in a cell undergoing apoptosis?

A) The cell rounds up and bulges.
B) The cell retains the ability to divide continuously.
C) Chromatin condenses and enzymes cut the chromosomes into equal-sized pieces.
D) The cell shatters into membrane enclosed fragments.
E) The cell dies.

Question 67

The three-dimensional form of a cell affects its ability to perform its function.

Question 68

In Krabbe disease,an enzyme is abnormal or absent in the

A) centrosomes.
B) lysosomes.
C) cilia.
D) peroxisomes.
E) nucleus.

Question 69

Within the nucleoplasm,ribosomes are formed in a small dense body called the _________.

Question 70

Tina has a sunburn.A week later,the skin on her burnt shoulder peels away.The cells are undergoing

A) apoptosis.
B) mitosis.
C) metastasis.
D) secretion.
E) signal transduction.

Question 71

During metaphase of mitosis,chromosomes

A) line up between the centrioles.
B) unwind to form chromatin.
C) migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
D) are surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
E) are selectively released from the cell.

Question 72

All integral proteins extend through the plasma membrane and protrude on both sides.

Question 73

Vesicles that deliver proteins and lipids to other cells are called _______.

Question 74

Which is NOT one of the three main parts of a cell?

A) nucleus
B) cytoplasm
C) plasma membrane
D) mitochondria

Question 75

The inner liquid portion of a cell's contents is called ________.

A) cytoplasm
B) cytosol
C) plasma
D) interstitial fluid

Question 76

Because of mitosis and cytoplasmic division,the resulting cells have

A) identical chromosomes but different DNA information.
B) identical DNA information but different chromosomes.
C) identical chromosomes and identical DNA information.
D) different chromosomes and different DNA information.
E) random numbers of chromosomes.

Question 77

Apoptosis is

A) a form of secretion.
B) a form of cell division.
C) an abnormal form of development.
D) a response to injury.
E) a form of cell death.

Question 78

Diffusion may take place even when a concentration gradient is absent.

Question 79

Cells that retain the ability to divide without specializing are called

A) progenitor cells.
B) apoptotic cells.
C) stem cells.
D) differentiated cells.
E) mitotic cells.

Question 80

Which of the following describes a cleavage furrow?

A) Cellular constriction that occurs during interphase
B) Cellular constriction that occurs towards the end of mitosis
C) Cellular constriction that forms four cells from one
D) A partitioning of the nucleus
E) Cellular constriction that forms as mitosis begins