Deck 20: Pregnancy, growth, development, and Genetics

Question 1

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome include

A) reduced head size.
B) mental retardation.
C) abnormal facial features.
D) misshapen eyes.
E) all of the above.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Blood rich in oxygen and nutrients is transported from the placenta to the fetus by the

A) umbilical artery.
B) umbilical vein.
C) ductus venosus.
D) ductus arteriosus.
E) foramen ovale.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Muscle contractions of the uterine wall and ________ in the semen aid sperm cell movement through the uterus and uterine tubes.

A) estrogen
B) progestins
C) prostaglandins
D) epinephrine
E) norepinephrine

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The foramen ovale is an opening that allows fetal blood to pass from the

A) right atrium to the left atrium.
B) left atrium to the right atrium.
C) right ventricle to the left ventricle.
D) left ventricle to the right ventricle.
E) fetal liver to the inferior vena cava.

Question 5

Dizygotic twins result from the combination of

A) one egg cell and one sperm cell.
B) one egg cell and two sperm cells.
C) two egg cells and one sperm cell.
D) two egg cells and two sperm cells.
E) one trophoblast and two blastocysts.

Question 6

During the early stages of pregnancy,the hormone ________ maintains the corpus luteum,until the placenta is established.

A) human chorionic gonadotropin
B) testosterone
C) estrogen
D) progesterone
E) androgen

Question 7

The external reproductive organs can be distinguished by the ________ week of development

A) first
B) fifth
C) eighth
D) twelfth
E) fifteenth

Question 8

Teratogens are substances that

A) stimulate embryonic growth.
B) cause congenital malformations.
C) protect against infections.
D) prevent accumulation of cholesterol.
E) stimulate fetal growth.

Question 9

The fetal stage of development begins at the end of the

A) second week.
B) fourth week.
C) eighth week.
D) tenth week.
E) twelfth week.

Question 10

Development is a continuous process during which the individual changes from one life phase to another,including growth.

Question 11

The postnatal period extends from

A) the fertilized egg until the end of life.
B) fertilization until birth.
C) birth to death.
D) becoming a parent until death.
E) the beginning of the fetal period until the beginning of childhood.

Question 12

Drugs ingested by a pregnant woman most likely reach her fetus by passing through the

A) allantois.
B) amniotic membrane.
C) placental membrane.
D) body stalk.
E) yolk sac.

Question 13

The combining of a secondary oocyte and a sperm cell is called

A) fertilization.
B) implantation.
C) cleavage.
D) labor.
E) development.

Question 14

Factors that can cause congenital malformations by affecting an embryo during its period of rapid growth and development are called teratogens.

Question 15

The fetal blood that passes through the ductus venosus is relatively

A) low in oxygen and nutrients.
B) high in oxygen and nutrients.
C) low in oxygen but high in nutrients.
D) high in oxygen but low in nutrients.
E) low in vitamins and minerals.

Question 16

The primary function of surfactant is to increase surface tension in the newborn's lungs.

Question 17

The placental membrane is composed of

A) the embryonic disc.
B) a single layer of epithelial cells.
C) a double layer of epithelial cells.
D) the amnion and chorion.
E) the yolk sac.

Question 18

The cells of a blastocyst that give rise to the body of the developing offspring constitute the

A) blastomere.
B) inner cell mass.
C) trophoblast.
D) zona pellucida.
E) corona radiata.

Question 19

An enzyme that sperm secrete that is important for penetration of the egg is

A) hyaluronidase.
B) collagenase.
C) peptidase.
D) acetylcholinesterase.
E) copulase.

Question 20

The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to bypass the liver.

Question 21

The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to move from the

A) right atrium into the left atrium.
B) left atrium into the right atrium.
C) aorta into the pulmonary trunk.
D) pulmonary trunk into the aorta.
E) arterioles to capillaries.

Question 22

The slender projections that grow out from the trophoblast into the uterine wall are called ________.

Question 23

A person with two identical variants (alleles)for a gene is

A) heterozygous.
B) homozygous.
C) autosomal.
D) a carrier.
E) dominant.

Question 24

Following birth,the infant's metabolic rate

A) increases and its oxygen consumption increases.
B) increases and its oxygen consumption decreases.
C) decreases and its oxygen consumption increases.
D) decreases and its oxygen consumption decreases.
E) remains as it was in the uterus.

Question 25

The hormone that stimulates the mammary glands to secrete milk is

A) estrogen.
B) progesterone.
C) oxytocin.
D) prolactin.
E) luteinizing hormone.

Question 26

The extraembryonic membrane that forms blood cells and gives rise to cells destined to become sex cells is the ________.

Question 27

A premature fetus has an increased chance of surviving if it produces enough surfactant to aid the functions of its

A) endocrine system.
B) respiratory system.
C) digestive system.
D) nervous system.
E) cardiovascular system.

Question 28

A newborn's first breath must be particularly forceful since the moist membranes of the lungs are held together by ________.

Question 29

The substance called ________ decreases surface tension in the newborn's lungs.

Question 30

A multifactorial trait is

A) determined solely by environmental factors.
B) determined solely by genetic factors.
C) determined by neither genetic nor environmental factors.
D) determined by one or more genes and environmental factors.
E) determined by proteins.

Question 31

The genotypes and phenotypes that result from the cross of Aa and Aa (A=normal pigmentation and a=albinism)are

A) genotypes-25% AA,50% Aa,25% aa;phenotypes-75% normal,25% albino.
B) genotypes-100% aa;phenotypes-50% normal,50% albino.
C) genotypes-50% AA,50% aa;phenotypes-50% normal,50% albino.
D) genotypes-25% AA,50% Aa,25% aa;phenotypes-25% normal,75% albino.
E) genotypes-75% AA,25% aa;phenotypes-75% normal,25% albino.

Question 32

The hormone oxytocin aids the birth process by stimulating

A) fetal muscular movements.
B) uterine wall contractions.
C) an increase in progesterone secretion.
D) an increase in estrogen secretion.
E) rapid movement of fetal feet.

Question 33

Which of the following best describes the numbers of blood vessels usually found in the umbilical cord?

A) one artery and one vein
B) two arteries and one vein
C) one artery and two veins
D) two arteries and two veins
E) two arteries and no veins

Question 34

The period of development in which the cells of a zygote become progressively smaller as cell division occurs is called ________.

Question 35

The first cell of an offspring is a(an)________.

Question 36

Which of the following nutrients provides the most energy to the newborn baby during its first few days?

A) glucose
B) glycogen
C) stored fat
D) protein
E) fat in the colostrum

Question 37

Passive aging

A) is a result of a person being less active in later years.
B) is a process that begins before birth.
C) is a breakdown of structures and slowing of functions.
D) involves apoptosis.
E) may involve the development of autoimmunity.

Question 38

The condition characterized by the presence of a developing embryo within the uterus is called ________.

Question 39

Normal males have

A) one X and one Y chromosome.
B) two X chromosomes.
C) two Y chromosomes.
D) two X and two Y chromosomes.
E) no sex chromosomes.