Deck 17: Urinary System

Question 1

When the concentration of water in body fluids increases,the secretion of ADH increases.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The largest quantity of hydrogen ions is secreted

A) passively into the proximal convoluted tubule.
B) passively into the distal convoluted tubule.
C) actively into the proximal convoluted tubule.
D) actively into the distal convoluted tubule.
E) passively into the collecting duct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Glomerular filtrate is nearly protein free.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Urine is forced along the length of the ureter by peristaltic waves.

Question 5

A renal corpuscle includes the

A) glomerulus and glomerular capsule.
B) glomerulus and renal tubule.
C) renal tubule and glomerular capsule.
D) renal tubule and collecting duct.
E) glomerulus and collecting duct.

Question 6

Reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily through the walls of the

A) glomerular capsule.
B) nephron loop.
C) proximal convoluted tubule.
D) distal convoluted tubule.
E) renal pelvis.

Question 7

If the arteriole that supplies blood to the glomerulus becomes constricted,

A) blood flow into the efferent arteriole increases.
B) the glomerular filtration rate decreases.
C) hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus increases.
D) the protein concentration of the glomerular filtrate increases.
E) the glomerular filtration rate increases.

Question 8

Efferent arterioles lead to the

A) renal arteries.
B) peritubular capillaries.
C) interlobar arteries.
D) arcuate arteries.
E) glomerular capillaries.

Question 9

The efferent arteriole supplies blood to the capillaries of the glomerulus.

Question 10

The urethra transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Question 11

The reabsorption of sodium under the influence of aldosterone occurs primarily in the

A) glomerular capsule.
B) nephron loop.
C) proximal convoluted tubule.
D) distal convoluted tubule.
E) renal pelvis.

Question 12

If the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood plasma is decreased,the glomerular filtration rate will increase.

Question 13

Afferent arterioles are branches of the

A) renal arteries.
B) arciform arteries.
C) interlobar arteries.
D) cortical radiate arteries.
E) efferent arterioles.

Question 14

Uric acid results from the metabolism of nucleic acids.

Question 15

Which of the following is correct concerning the location of the kidneys?

A) The right kidney is usually higher than the left kidney.
B) They are located behind the parietal peritoneum.
C) Their upper borders are about at the level of the third lumbar vertebra.
D) They are located against the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity.
E) They are located behind the visceral peritoneum.

Question 16

Which of the following indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end?

A) proximal convoluted tubule,ascending limb of the nephron loop,descending limb of the nephron loop,distal convoluted tubule
B) distal convoluted tubule,ascending limb of the nephron loop,descending limb of the nephron loop,proximal convoluted tubule
C) proximal convoluted tubule,descending limb of the nephron loop,ascending limb of the nephron loop,distal convoluted tubule
D) descending limb of the nephron loop,ascending limb of the nephron loop,proximal convoluted tubule,distal convoluted tubule
E) descending limb of the nephron loop,ascending limb of the nephron loop,distal convoluted tubule,proximal convoluted tubule

Question 17

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)functions to promote water reabsorption through the wall of the

A) distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
B) proximal convoluted tubule.
C) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
D) descending limb of the nephron loop.
E) glomerular capillaries.

Question 18

Glomerular filtrate has a composition similar to tissue fluid.

Question 19

Urine formation involves

A) glomerular filtration.
B) tubular reabsorption.
C) tubular secretion.
D) all of these.
E) none of these.

Question 20

Whenever sodium ions are reabsorbed through the wall of the renal tubule by active transport,the chloride ions are

A) reabsorbed by active transport.
B) reabsorbed passively by electrical attraction.
C) secreted by active transport.
D) secreted by simple diffusion.
E) secreted by facilitated diffusion.

Question 21

Cystitis occurs more commonly in women than in men because the

A) female urethra is shorter than that of the male.
B) male is more resistant to infections.
C) female bladder is larger.
D) male bladder wall is thicker.
E) female is less resistant to infections.

Question 22

An automatic bladder is most likely to result from injury to the

A) spinal cord above the sacral region.
B) spinal cord below the sacral region.
C) sensory portion of the micturition reflex.
D) motor portion of the micturition reflex.
E) detrusor muscle.

Question 23

Most sodium reabsorption occurs in the __________ convoluted tubule of the nephron.

Question 24

Water reabsorption occurs throughout the proximal tubule by the passive process of ________.

Question 25

Kidney stones are least likely to be composed of

A) uric acid.
B) calcium oxalate.
C) cholesterol.
D) magnesium phosphates.
E) calcium phosphate.

Question 26

Gout is a condition in which the plasma has an abnormally high concentration of

A) uric acid.
B) urea.
C) calcium ions.
D) amino acids.
E) phosphate ions.

Question 27

Glomerular filtrate is least likely to contain

A) plasma proteins.
B) glucose molecules.
C) amino acid molecules.
D) bicarbonate ions.
E) water molecules.

Question 28

The stretch receptors of the micturition reflex are in the

A) sacral portion of the spinal cord.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) urinary bladder.
D) hypothalamus.
E) brain.

Question 29

During a kidney transplant procedure,the renal artery and vein of the donor kidney are connected to the recipient's

A) renal artery and vein.
B) iliac artery and vein.
C) aorta and inferior vena cava.
D) aorta and portal vein.
E) renal artery and inferior vena cava.

Question 30

The ________ arteriole supplies blood to the capillaries of the glomerulus.

Question 31

If a substance is transported from the plasma of the peritubular capillary into the fluid of the renal tubule,it is said to be

A) filtered.
B) absorbed.
C) secreted.
D) reabsorbed.
E) retained.

Question 32

Which of the following is an abnormal constituent of urine?

A) urea
B) uric acid
C) creatinine
D) water
E) none of these

Question 33

Shock-wave lithotripsy is a procedure for

A) detecting kidney stones.
B) fragmenting kidney stones.
C) preventing kidney stones.
D) visualizing kidney stones.
E) experimentally causing kidney stones.

Question 34

If a substance is transported from the fluid of the renal tubule into the plasma of the peritubular capillary,it is said to be

A) filtered.
B) absorbed.
C) secreted.
D) reabsorbed.
E) excreted.

Question 35

The micturition reflex center is located in the

A) sacral portion of the spinal cord.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) pons.
D) hypothalamus.
E) cerebral cortex.

Question 36

The ureters extend downward

A) behind the parietal peritoneum and join the urinary bladder from above.
B) behind the parietal peritoneum and join the urinary bladder from below.
C) in front of the parietal peritoneum and join the urinary bladder from above.
D) in front of the parietal peritoneum and join the urinary bladder from below.
E) and join the urethra just above the urinary bladder.

Question 37

The functional unit of the kidney is the ________.

Question 38

The tuft of capillaries located between the afferent and efferent arterioles is the _________.

Question 39

As a result of excessively low arterial blood pressure,glomerular hydrostatic pressure

A) rises and filtration increases.
B) rises and filtration decreases.
C) drops and filtration increases.
D) drops and filtration decreases.
E) increases and causes glomerular damage.

Question 40

The effector of the micturition reflex is the

A) sacral portion of the spinal cord.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) pons.
D) hypothalamus.
E) detrusor muscle.

Question 41

The bundles of interlaced muscular fibers in the wall of the urinary bladder comprise the ________ muscle.

Question 42

The triangular area on the internal floor of the urinary bladder with an opening at each of its angles is called the ________.

Question 43

ADH is released by the posterior pituitary gland,but it is produced by cells in the ________.

Question 44

A __________ transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.