Deck 18: Water, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Water balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent because

A) water dissolves in electrolytes.
B) water and electrolytes are both in an ionic state in the blood.
C) both form ions in blood.
D) electrolytes are dissolved in water.
E) none of the above.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Transcellular fluid includes the water and electrolytes within

A) cells.
B) blood vessels.
C) lymphatic vessels.
D) joint cavities.
E) interstitial spaces.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The hormone ADH,released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland,increases urine production.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Drinking alcohol produces its diuretic effect by

A) inhibiting the release of ADH.
B) promoting the release of ADH.
C) inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium.
D) promoting the reabsorption of sodium.
E) adding sodium to the circulation.

Question 5

The thirst center is located in the

A) thalamus.
B) hypothalamus.
C) midbrain.
D) medulla oblongata.
E) kidneys.

Question 6

A person who is severely dehydrated is likely to have a high fever because

A) water is needed for body temperature regulation.
B) the blood pressure is increased.
C) the blood volume is decreased.
D) waste products have accumulated.
E) the skin is dry.

Question 7

Which of the following metabolic processes releases hydrogen ions into body fluids?

A) anaerobic respiration of glucose
B) incomplete oxidation of fatty acids
C) oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids
D) aerobic respiration of glucose
E) all of the above

Question 8

Water intoxication is caused by

A) hypertonic extracellular fluid.
B) hypotonic extracellular fluid.
C) hypotonic intracellular fluid.
D) isotonic intracellular fluid.
E) hypertonic intracellular fluid.

Question 9

The movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated primarily by

A) diffusion and osmosis.
B) hydrostatic and osmotic pressure.
C) pinocytosis and phagocytosis.
D) active and passive transport.
E) diet and weather.

Question 10

Extracellular fluids have relatively

A) high sodium and low potassium levels.
B) high sodium and high potassium levels.
C) low sodium and low potassium levels.
D) low sodium and high potassium levels.
E) higher concentrations of potassium,magnesium,phosphate,and sulfate ions.

Question 11

Normally,fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries as a result of active transport.

Question 12

Which of the following includes the greatest volume of total body water?

A) transcellular fluid
B) blood
C) extracellular fluid
D) intracellular fluid
E) lymph

Question 13

The hormone aldosterone promotes the

A) reabsorption of sodium.
B) secretion of sodium.
C) reabsorption of potassium.
D) secretion of calcium.
E) excretion of sodium.

Question 14

Any factor that alters water balance will also alter electrolyte balance.

Question 15

Compared to the average adult male,the average adult female body contains relatively

A) more water and more adipose tissue.
B) more water and less adipose tissue.
C) less water and more adipose tissue.
D) less water and less adipose tissue.
E) the same amounts of water and adipose tissue.

Question 16

A person in a moderate environment probably would lose the greatest amount of water by means of

A) sweating.
B) insensible perspiration.
C) excretion of feces.
D) urination.
E) breathing.

Question 17

The kidneys help to regulate the hydrogen ion concentration of body fluids by altering the rate at which hydrogen ions are excreted.

Question 18

Intracellular fluids have high concentrations of

A) chloride and potassium.
B) sodium and phosphate.
C) potassium and phosphate.
D) sodium and chloride.
E) bicarbonate.

Question 19

Marielle is very thirsty following her tennis game.She drinks for a few minutes,then stops.The stimulus to stop drinking comes from

A) distension of her stomach.
B) hormones secreted by her stomach cells.
C) changes in her intracellular fluid concentration.
D) changes in her extracellular fluid concentration.
E) a signal from her brainstem.

Question 20

The force that causes tissue fluid to enter lymphatic capillaries is the

A) osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid.
B) blood pressure in capillaries.
C) filtration pressure in capillaries.
D) hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid.
E) colloid osmotic pressure in blood capillaries.

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of a physiological buffer?

A) bicarbonate buffer
B) phosphate buffer
C) protein buffer
D) respiratory mechanism
E) Alka-Seltzer

Question 22

When electrolytes are deficient,a person may experience ________,a desire to eat salty foods.

Question 23

Obstruction of the airways leads to

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.
E) decreased breathing rate and depth.

Question 24

The intracellular fluid compartment includes all water and electrolytes in the ________.

Question 25

A hormone secreted by the ________ regulates the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in extracellular fluid.

Question 26

Diabetes mellitus,in which fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies,leads to

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.
E) urine retention.

Question 27

Substances that combine with hydrogen ions are called ________.

Question 28

Prolonged vomiting,in which only the stomach contents are lost,leads to

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.
E) a decreased pH.

Question 29

The greatest loss of fluid and electrolytes normally occurs as a result of ________ function.

Question 30

Hyperventilation leads to

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.
E) emphysema.

Question 31

As body fluids become more alkaline,neurons become

A) depressed.
B) excitable.
C) paralyzed.
D) polarized.
E) less sensitive.

Question 32

Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by

A) converting weak acids to strong acids.
B) converting strong acids to weak acids.
C) increasing the breathing rate.
D) promoting the excretion of hydrogen ions.
E) ensuring the number of acid molecules equals the number of base molecules.

Question 33

Ingestion of too much sodium bicarbonate to relieve indigestion may lead to

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.
E) sodium imbalance.

Question 34

Prolonged diarrhea that causes great loss of intestinal secretions leads to

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.
E) water intoxication.

Question 35

The primary regulator of water intake is the mechanism of ________.

Question 36

The kidneys help to regulate the pH of body fluids by controlling the

A) excretion of hydrogen ions.
B) conversion of acids to bases.
C) filtration of buffers.
D) reabsorption of carbon dioxide.
E) reabsorption of glucose.

Question 37

The volume of urine produced is regulated mainly by the activity of the ________ tubule and collecting duct.

Question 38

The ________ groups of amino acids and proteins can release hydrogen ions.