Deck 15: Digestive System and Nutrition

Question 1

The alimentary canal extends,in its entirety,from

A) the mouth to the large intestine.
B) the stomach to the small intestine.
C) the liver to the gallbladder.
D) the mouth to the anus.
E) the anus to the pharynx.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The cecum is located at the inferior end of the descending colon.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract

A) from the pharynx to the anus.
B) in the stomach and small intestine only.
C) in the small and large intestines only.
D) in the stomach,small intestine and large intestine only.
E) only in the rectum and anus.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Salivary amylase digests

A) carbohydrates.
B) proteins.
C) fats.
D) vitamins.
E) all of the above.

Question 5

The gallbladder is connected to the bile duct by the hepatic duct.

Question 6

Because of their location,swollen palatine tonsils may interfere with

A) chewing.
B) breathing.
C) swallowing.
D) both breathing and swallowing.
E) neither breathing nor swallowing.

Question 7

The uvula is

A) a type of tooth.
B) a projection of the soft palate.
C) a part of the female reproductive system.
D) part of the tongue.
E) a flap of tissue that keeps food from entering the respiratory system.

Question 8

The teeth that are best adapted for biting off relatively large pieces of food are the

A) incisors.
B) canines.
C) bicuspids.
D) molars.
E) premolars.

Question 9

Vitamin E,a fat-soluble vitamin,is destroyed by cooking.

Question 10

Food passing from the stomach through the small intestine first passes into the duodenum,then the jejunum and lastly the ileum.

Question 11

Bile is composed of HCl,pepsin,mucus,and intrinsic factor.

Question 12

The correct sequence for the layers within the wall of the alimentary canal from inside to outside is

A) mucosa,muscularis,serosa,submucosa.
B) mucosa,submucosa,muscularis,serosa.
C) serosa,muscularis,mucosa,submucosa.
D) submucosa,mucosa,serosa,muscularis.
E) serosa,muscularis,submucosa,mucosa.

Question 13

Peristalsis mixes food with digestive enzymes in small segments of the alimentary canal.

Question 14

The movement of chyme through the small intestine is increased by parasympathetic impulses and is inhibited by sympathetic impulses.

Question 15

The digestive system

A) mechanically and chemically breaks down food for nutrient absorption.
B) mechanically and chemically assembles food from absorbed nutrients.
C) circulates nutrients throughout the body.
D) sends cellular debris to lysosomes.
E) builds macromolecules for tissue repair.

Question 16

Lymph transports fat molecules with longer chains of carbon atoms away from the intestine.

Question 17

Microorganisms promote the development of dental caries (cavities)by metabolizing carbohydrates and releasing by-products that are

A) alkaline.
B) acidic.
C) toxic.
D) electrolytes.
E) monosaccharides.

Question 18

Cholecystokinin,a hormone released from intestinal mucosa by the presence of fats,stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum.

Question 19

In the swallowing reflex

A) the soft palate,larynx,and hyoid bone are raised.
B) the epiglottis closes off the top of the trachea.
C) the tongue presses against the uvula and soft palate.
D) muscles pull the pharynx upward toward the food.
E) all of the above are true.

Question 20

Bile salts function as digestive enzymes to break down fatty acids.

Question 21

The parietal cells of gastric glands secrete

A) mucus.
B) pepsinogen.
C) hydrochloric acid.
D) pepsin.
E) gastrin.

Question 22

Acute pancreatitis is often caused by the conversion of

A) trypsin to trypsinogen.
B) trypsinogen to trypsin.
C) pepsin to pepsinogen.
D) pepsinogen to pepsin.
E) proinsulin to insulin.

Question 23

Which constituent of bile has a digestive function?

A) bile salts
B) bile pigments
C) cholesterol
D) electrolytes
E) glucose

Question 24

The American Heart Association recommends that the percentage of calories in a person's diet derived from fats should not exceed

A) 5%.
B) 10%.
C) 20%.
D) 30%.
E) 40%.

Question 25

During the defecation reflex,

A) the diaphragm lowers.
B) the glottis opens.
C) abdominal wall muscles relax.
D) internal abdominal pressure decreases.
E) none of the above happens.

Question 26

The results of poor nutrition from lack of nutrients or failure to use them is

A) malnutrition.
B) malabsorption.
C) food intolerance.
D) food allergy.
E) adequate nutrition.

Question 27

The main part of the stomach is called the

A) fundus.
B) pylorus.
C) cardia.
D) body.
E) gastric region.

Question 28

Cholecystokinin secretion from the intestinal wall is stimulated by the presence of

A) proteins in the stomach.
B) carbohydrates and fats in the small intestine.
C) fats in the stomach.
D) proteins and fats in the small intestine.
E) carbohydrates in the stomach.

Question 29

The greater omentum is composed of a portion of

A) the peritoneal membrane.
B) the pericardial membrane.
C) the pleural membrane.
D) the hiatal membrane.
E) none of the above.

Question 30

The epithelial cells that form the inner lining of the small intestine

A) are replaced every few days.
B) are not able to reproduce.
C) are permanent parts of the villi.
D) remain where they are first formed.
E) differentiate into adipose cells.

Question 31

Plant proteins typically contain less than adequate amounts of

A) essential amino acids.
B) nonessential amino acids.
C) dipeptides.
D) polypeptides.
E) all of the above.

Question 32

The hormone secretin

A) converts trypsinogen into trypsin.
B) activates chymotrypsin.
C) stimulates the release of pancreatic juice high in bicarbonate ions.
D) inhibits the action of pancreatic lipase.
E) stimulates salivation.

Question 33

Lactose intolerance is caused by

A) deficiency of lactose.
B) deficiency of lactase.
C) a lack of milk in the diet.
D) a lack of a vitamin in the diet.
E) increase in dairy consumption.

Question 34

Gallstones are usually composed of

A) calcium salts.
B) uric acid.
C) cholesterol.
D) bile pigments.
E) electrolytes.

Question 35

One of the major functions of the large intestine is to

A) secrete digestive enzymes.
B) reabsorb water from chyme.
C) regulate the release of bile.
D) break down hemoglobin.
E) digest alcohol.

Question 36

Severe liver damage would mainly affect digestion of

A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) proteins.
D) nucleic acids.
E) carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids about equally.

Question 37

A hiatal hernia is due to a weakness of the

A) abdominal wall.
B) pelvic wall.
C) diaphragm.
D) stomach wall.
E) thoracic wall.

Question 38

Gastrin,which is secreted by certain cells in the stomach,

A) inhibits the production of hydrochloric acid.
B) increases the secretion by the gastric glands.
C) changes pepsin into pepsinogen.
D) initiates the cephalic phase of digestion.
E) relaxes the stomach.

Question 39

All of the enzymes that digest protein are

A) secreted by the pancreas.
B) activated by hydrochloric acid.
C) secreted in an inactive form.
D) stimulated by enterokinase.
E) secreted by the liver.

Question 40

Which of the following is a protein-splitting enzyme found in pancreatic juice?

A) trypsin
B) zymogen
C) amylase
D) nuclease
E) pancrease

Question 41

The vomiting center is located in the __________ of the brain.

Question 42

Large,fixed phagocytes in the lining of the hepatic sinusoids are called __________.

Question 43

Bile breaks down fat globules by ________.

Question 44

The sphincter muscle located between the small intestine and the large intestine is the ___________.

Question 45

__________ refers to the mixing movements in the alimentary canal;it is accomplished by alternately contracting and relaxing nonadjacent segments.

Question 46

Fat molecules with longer chains of carbon atoms are transported away from the small intestine by means of ___________.

Question 47

The double-layered fold of peritoneum that suspends portions of the small intestine is called __________.

Question 48

The __________ is a valve that controls the movement of food between the stomach and small intestine.

Question 49

Intrinsic factor is necessary for the normal absorption of __________ from the small intestine.