Deck 9: Global Inequality

Question 1

World systems analysis is

A)Karl Marx's view that the bourgeois nations such as England would dominate the proletarian nations such as India.
B)Erving Goffman's view that world peace would result from many types of nations interacting with one another.
C)Talcott Parsons's view that the inequality that exists among nations is necessary for world stability.
D)Immanuel Wallerstein's view that nations exist in an interdependent global economy resting on unequal economic and political relationships.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Dependency theory is defined as

A)a functionalist approach proposing that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of people in peripheral nations.
B)a far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.
C)an approach contending that as developing countries make economic advances,they remain weak and subservient to core nations.
D)applying to the interactionist perspective.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to world systems analysis,which type of nation is relatively independent of outside control?

A)Core
B)Periphery
C)Semiperiphery
D)Marginality

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In Immanuel Wallerstein's view,the global economic system is divided between nations that control wealth and nations from which resources are taken.This view is referred to as

A)neo-colonialism.
B)colonialism.
C)world systems analysis.
D)the world exploitation model.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a core nation?

A)Germany
B)South Korea
C)Egypt
D)Ireland

Question 6

According to Immanuel Wallerstein's analysis,the United States is considered at the ________,whereas neighboring Mexico remains on the semiperiphery of the world economic system.

A)core
B)periphery
C)semiperiphery
D)multiperiphery

Question 7

The worldwide integration of government policies,cultures,social movements,and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas is known as

A)globalization.
B)dependency.
C)colonialism.
D)neo-colonialism.

Question 8

The ways in which the desperately poor attempt to control their hunger is referred to as

A)coping mechanisms.
B)dependency.
C)colonialism.
D)therapy.

Question 9

According to world systems analysis,a nation that has a marginal economic status would be referred to as a nation at the

A)periphery.
B)core.
C)semiperiphery.
D)superperiphery.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a periphery nation?

A)Germany
B)South Korea
C)Egypt
D)United States

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a semiperiphery nation?

A)Germany
B)South Korea
C)Bolivia
D)United States

Question 12

Extreme inequality of resources in the world was initiated by

A)the Spanish-American War.
B)the Great Depression.
C)World War II.
D)the Industrial Revolution.

Question 13

According to world systems analysis,poor and developing nations are

A)at the core.
B)on the periphery.
C)on the semiperiphery.
D)on the marginality.

Question 14

According to world systems analysis,a core nation is a nation that

A)controls and exploits,along with its multinational corporations,noncore nations.
B)has a marginal economic status.
C)is a poor,developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations.
D)is considered a third-world nation.

Question 15

According to the text,the global poor can be found in

A)sub-Sahara Africa and the West Bank.
B)Eastern Europe.
C)Japan and the Philippines.
D)Latin America and South America.

Question 16

Neo-colonialism is defined as the

A)maintenance of political,social,economic,and cultural domination over a people by a power for an extended period of time,such as French control over major parts of northern Africa.
B)continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries.
C)invasion of Third World countries by the military forces of the U.S.or Russia since 1965.
D)approach by which industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.

Question 17

Colonialism is defined as

A)the maintenance of political,social,economic,and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period.
B)an approach that contends industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.
C)the far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.
D)continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries.

Question 18

According to world systems analysis,a periphery nation is a nation that

A)along with its multinational corporations dominates all other nations socially,economically,and politically,such as the U.S.and Germany.
B)has a marginal economic status,such as Israel and South Korea.
C)is a poor,developing nation,such as Haiti or Chad,that is exploited by more powerful nations and corporations.
D)does not quite exert control,but is considered of marginal economic status.

Question 19

In what terms does the developing country of Zambia define poverty?

A)Whether or not the breadwinner of a family holds consistent work
B)The inability to afford specific foods on a subsistence diet
C)The ability to pay for schooling for at least one child
D)Whether or not the breadwinner of a family is unemployed

Question 20

Which of the following forces are particularly responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations?

A)The advent of multinational corporations
B)Global inequality
C)The legacy of capitalism
D)Industrialization

Question 21

Commercial organizations headquartered in one country that own or control other corporations or subsidiaries throughout the world are referred to as

A)international companies.
B)multinational corporations.
C)megacorps.
D)world system enterprises.

Question 22

Modernization theory-as an explanation of global inequality-falls under which sociological perspective?

A)Functionalist
B)Conflict
C)Interactionist
D)Feminist

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of a multinational corporation?

A)A Swiss bank with many international customers but without foreign branches.
B)A hardware store that sells hammers from France and saws from Switzerland,as well as many products made in the U.S.
C)Coca-Cola,which has bottling plants throughout the world.
D)A bank that has locations in only the pacific northwest.

Question 24

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations help create social stability within a society by creating jobs and global enterprise?

A)Functionalist perspective
B)Conflict perspective
C)Interactionist perspective
D)Feminist perspective

Question 25

Sociologists are quick to note that terms such as modernization and development contain a(n)________ bias.

A)economic
B)class
C)ethnocentric
D)scientific

Question 26

Developing nations define poverty as

A)the total number of people on welfare.
B)the average salary wage.
C)the number of people in the nation divided by the total income earned.
D)the minimum income a person needs to survive.

Question 27

The process by which a society moves from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies is called

A)world systems analysis.
B)developmental theory.
C)reconstructionism.
D)modernization.

Question 28

Stratification in developing nations is closely related to their weak and dependent position in

A)ensuring the health of their citizens.
B)providing adequate education.
C)the global economy.
D)the military size.

Question 29

The Millennium development goals targeted which of the following areas?

A)Minority crime
B)Education
C)Global dominance
D)Paternal health

Question 30

Which sociological perspective would most likely compare the relationship between a colonial nation and the colonized people to the relationship between the dominant capitalist class and the proletariat class?

A)Functionalist perspective
B)Conflict perspective
C)Interactionist perspective
D)Global perspective

Question 31

Members of societies that undergo modernization must shift their allegiance from traditional authorities to newer authorities,such as

A)government officials.
B)parents.
C)priests.
D)peers.

Question 32

The notion that peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed nations is known as

A)dependency.
B)regional analysis.
C)modernization.
D)colonialism.

Question 33

Current modernization studies generally take a(n)________ perspective,which focuses on how societies are moving closer together.

A)conflict
B)interactionist
C)dramaturgical
D)convergence

Question 34

Which of the following is considered a pattern revealed by studies of intergenerational mobility in industrialized nations?

A)There is a common pattern toward agriculture-based occupations.
B)Parental positions tend to have little effect on the social mobility of children.
C)Mobility opportunities are strongly influenced by structural factors.
D)Intergenerational mobility has been decreasing in most countries.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about multinational corporations is true?

A)The 10 largest multinational corporations all have their headquarters in the U.S.
B)Foreign sales represent an important source of profit for multinational corporations.
C)They are all state-owned-or public as opposed to private-businesses.
D)Corporate giants do not play a key role in neo-colonialism.

Question 36

Conflict theorists contend that multinational corporations are attracted to developing countries because developing countries

A)have a small pool of cheap labor.
B)encourage strong trade unions.
C)often create a favorable "climate for investment."
D)they protect local workers,rather than exploit them.

Question 37

Who among the following has noted that modern societies tend to be urban,literate,and industrial,with sophisticated transportation and media systems,and families in such societies are organized within the nuclear family unit rather than the extended family model?

A)Wendell Bell
B)Immanuel Wallerstein
C)Karl Marx
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 38

Which of the following sociological perspectives points out that multinationals invest in limited economic sectors and restricted regions of a nation?

A)Global perspective
B)Interactionist perspective
C)Conflict perspective
D)Functionalist perspective

Question 39

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations exploit local workers to maximize profits?

A)Functionalist perspective
B)Conflict perspective
C)Interactionist perspective
D)Global perspective

Question 40

Modernization refers to the

A)elimination of old housing and its replacement with modern skyscrapers.
B)process by which a society moves from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.
C)colonial domination of Third World nations by Western powers.
D)process of development that,at this time,has occurred only in core nations such as England,France,Japan,and the U.S.

Question 41

Inequality exists only within the United States and other developed countries.

Question 42

The purpose of the Millennium Project was to halve extreme poverty worldwide by the year 2015.

Question 43

Developing nations define poverty based on the minimum income a person needs to survive.

Question 44

Living Goods agents walk what poverty workers refer to as the "last mile" to reach remote areas that are inaccessible to conventional aid organizations.

Question 45

Many of the Millennium development goals were achieved.

Question 46

Around the world,inequality is a significant determinant of human behavior.

Question 47

In large developing nations,the most socially significant mobility is

A)the movement out of poverty.
B)the employment of women.
C)property ownership.
D)proof of a confirmed dowry.

Question 48

Through the establishment of the Pan-Cordillera Women's Network for Peace and Development in the Philippines,which of the following have the women volunteers accomplished?

A)Negotiated thousands of peace pacts among community members.
B)Reduced incidences of infanticide by half.
C)Provided microfinancing for the majority of small farmers.
D)Largely ended incidences of extreme poverty.

Question 49

According to world systems analysis,the United States,Japan,and Germany are all examples of core nations.

Question 50

Many aspects of modernization in developing countries,such as migration to urban centers,

A)have not had a necessarily positive effect on the social standing of women.
B)have increased the vital role of women in food production.
C)have strengthened women's ties to relatives.
D)have decreased the role of women in all industries.

Question 51

Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in mobility?

A)Women are usually fed more than males.
B)Women are denied educational opportunities.
C)Women and men are hospitalized for the same types of injuries.
D)Women and men have equal employment opportunities.

Question 52

Total revenues of multinational businesses are on par with the total value of goods and services exchanged in entire nations.

Question 53

Which of the following statements about the patterns of intergenerational mobility in industrial nations is true?

A)Structural factors influence opportunities for social mobility.
B)Immigration does not play a significant part in mobility patterns.
C)There is consistent migration from urban to rural areas.
D)Most women resist mobility.

Question 54

Conflict theorists conclude that,on the whole,multinational corporations have a positive social impact on workers in both industrialized and developing nations.

Question 55

Which perspective would study how "welfare scapegoating" ignored federal handouts to individuals and families?

A)Functionalist
B)Interactionist
C)Conflict
D)Feminist

Question 56

Multinational corporations have established "global offices" as well as global factories in nations all over the world.

Question 57

The federal bailouts of the banking and auto industries are an example of

A)unemployment.
B)corporate welfare.
C)welfare reform.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 58

The tax breaks,bailouts,direct payments,and grants that the government gives to corporations are referred to as

A)corporate welfare.
B)business welfare.
C)welfare reform.
D)reverse welfare.

Question 59

Cross-cultural studies have suggested which of the following about industrialized and developing nations?

A)Spain has an informal economy.
B)Intergenerational mobility is increasing in most countries.
C)Modernization has benefited Kenya.
D)Mobility exists only in non-industrialized societies.

Question 60

In Kenya and Tanzania,it is illegal for women to

A)own a house.
B)walk alone in public.
C)socialize with men.
D)go to school.

Question 61

Explain mobility in developing nations.

Question 62

Discuss the forces that are particularly responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations.

Question 63

Discuss how stratification within the United States compares with stratification in other nations.What factors appear to be consistent within all nations?

Question 64

Generally,the poorer the country,the more optimistic people are that their children will grow up to be financially better off than they are themselves.

Question 65

According to modernization theory,even though nations develop at uneven rates,the development of peripheral nations will be assisted by innovations transferred from the industrialized world.

Question 66

The richest 2 percent of adults own more than 50 percent of the world's household wealth.

Question 67

The challenges to girls and women are not limited to any one continent.

Question 68

Explain the view of multinational corporations from a functionalist and conflict perspective.How do they differ?

Question 69

Compare and contrast colonialism and neo-colonialism,and describe their impact on social stratification.Give examples to support your answer.

Question 70

What does it mean to be well off and to be poor?

Question 71

Corporate welfare is limited to federal actions.

Question 72

A bonus for multinational corporations is that in general,the developing world discourages strong trade unions.

Question 73

Discuss Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis.Define dependency theory as it relates to Wallerstein's views.Give examples to support your answer.

Question 74

Explain why terms such as modernization and developed have an ethnocentric bias.

Question 75

Explain the global divide.What led to global inequality in the world?

Question 76

The term modernization suggests positive change.

Question 77

Contemporary modernization studies generally take a convergence perspective in which researchers focus on how societies are moving closer together despite traditional differences.

Question 78

Define and explain modernization.

Question 79

Women in Kenya and Tanzania are prohibited from driving,walking alone in public,and socializing with men outside their families.

Question 80

Immigration continues to be a significant factor in shaping a society's level of intergenerational mobility.