Deck 8: Cardiovascular Pathologies

Question 1

Which of the following occurs when an embolus occludes a blood vessel,cutting off circulation?

A)Aneurysm
B)Embolism
C)Anemia
D)Uremia

Answer 1

Embolism

Question 2

What is a common,often asymptomatic,disorder of sustained and elevated blood pressure?

A)Phlebitis
B)Hypertension
C)Hypotension
D)Peripheral arterial disease

Answer 2

Hypertension

Question 3

Which of the following actions is NOT a consideration for a client with arrhythmias?

A)If the client has shortness of breath,avoid the prone position.
B)Elevate the upper body in the supine position.
C)Massage is contraindicated for arrhythmias.
D)If the client feels fatigued,reduce treatment time to 30 minutes.

Answer 3

Massage is contraindicated for arrhythmias.

Question 4

Massage considerations for a client with a history of myocardial infarction who has regained full strength include which of the following choices?

A)Clearance from a health care provider is necessary,and lighter-than-normal massage is performed.
B)Clearance from a health care provider is necessary,and sessions should last no longer than 30 minutes.
C)Clearance from a health care provider is NOT necessary (though recommended),and vigorous massage can be performed within the client's tolerance if no other complications are present.
D)Massage is contraindicated for clients who have had a myocardial infarction.

Question 5

Which of the following is a synonym for a heart attack?

A)Angina pectoris
B)Arteriosclerosis
C)Hypertension
D)Myocardial infarction

Question 6

Massage for clients with anemia resulting from nutritional deficiencies is:

A)Contraindicated
B)Indicated with consideration for any underlying conditions
C)Best performed in a cooler-than-average room
D)Indicated while avoiding the abdomen and feet

Question 7

When planning treatment for a client diagnosed with atherosclerosis:

A)Massage is contraindicated for clients with atherosclerosis.
B)Sessions should be reduced to 30 minutes or less.
C)Do not use any deep pressure or techniques that increase circulation.
D)Because atherosclerosis is related to other conditions,use recommendations for each specific disease when planning treatment.

Question 8

What is inflammation of the pericardium?

A)Endocarditis
B)Myocarditis
C)Coronaritis
D)Pericarditis

Question 9

Which of the following is caused by reduced blood supply to the heart and is experienced as chest pain?

A)Rhythmia
B)Angina pectoris
C)Heart mutter
D)Myocarditis

Question 10

Endocarditis,myocarditis,and pericarditis involve inflammation of the _______,respectively.

A)Muscular wall of the heart,sac surrounding the heart,and interior lining of the heart
B)Interior lining of the heart,muscular wall of the heart,and sac surrounding the heart
C)Sac surrounding the heart,muscular wall of the heart,and interior lining of the heart
D)Muscular wall of the heart,interior lining of the heart,and sac surrounding the heart

Question 11

A genetic disorder that impairs blood-clotting mechanisms and may result in excessive bruising is called:

A)Thrombus
B)Scleroderma
C)Hemophilia
D)Anemia

Question 12

Which of the following conditions refers to the inability of the heart to pump blood to meet the body's demands?

A)Anemia
B)Congestive heart failure
C)Peripheral vascular disease
D)Cretinism

Question 13

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin,causing red blood cells to become sickle shaped?

A)Lupus
B)Hemophilia
C)Sickle of Willis
D)Sickle cell anemia

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true when planning treatment for a client at risk for thrombosis?

A)Electric massagers may dissolve and resolve the blood clot.
B)The client is contraindicated for massage in all stages.
C)No special considerations are necessary.
D)Avoid deep-pressure and vigorous massage on the lower extremities.

Question 15

Sudden and unexpected complete cessation of the heartbeat is called:

A)Myocardial infarction
B)Cardiac arrest
C)Congestive heart failure
D)Cardiomyopathy

Question 16

A person with a history of angina pectoris should always carry:

A)Lithium
B)Diuretics
C)Antiarrhythmic agents
D)Nitroglycerin

Question 17

Failure of the cardiovascular system to deliver enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs is called:

A)Shock
B)Edema
C)Pericarditis
D)Recumbent hypotension

Question 18

A systemic inflammatory condition that may develop as a complication after an untreated streptococcal throat infection is called:

A)Stroke
B)Raynaud disease
C)Rheumatic fever
D)Goneitis

Question 19

Which of the following is a group of arterial diseases characterized by a thickening and reduction of arterial wall elasticity,which leads to hardening of the arteries?

A)Arteriosclerosis
B)Venous thrombosis
C)Lymphangitis
D)Raynaud disease

Question 20

What is inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart called?

A)Pericarditis
B)Endocarditis
C)Coronaritis
D)Myocarditis

Question 21

Which of the following is inflammation of the veins?

A)Myocarditis
B)Phlebitis
C)Lymphangitis
D)Telangiectasia

Question 22

Which of the following is characterized by cycles of vasospasms,typically in superficial tissues of fingers and toes?

A)Guillain-Barré syndrome
B)Nephrotic syndrome
C)Postpoliomyelitis
D)Raynaud disease

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a consideration for a client with varicose veins?

A)Avoid the area if pressure causes pain or if the client is at risk for clot formation.
B)Massage the area proximal to varicosities first to encourage venous return.
C)Use bolsters to raise the area of varicosities above the heart.
D)Massage is a local contraindication.

Question 24

An inflammatory condition of small- and medium-size arteries of the extremities strongly associated with long-term use of smoking tobacco is:

A)Phlebitis
B)Thrombophlebitis
C)Thromboangiitis obliterans
D)Toxemia

Question 25

Massage therapy for a client with Raynaud disease:

A)Is contraindicated
B)Is best administered to the affected area when symptoms are present
C)Requires no special considerations
D)May improve local circulation when administered between attacks

Question 26

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding massage for a client with controlled hypertension?

A)Massage may assist in keeping blood pressure low through induced relaxation.
B)Massage may be beneficial,but trigger-point therapy is contraindicated for clients with hypertension.
C)Clients may experience orthostatic hypotension and may need assistance getting up from the table.
D)Massage is beneficial because it may reduce stress and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 27

A sudden drop in blood pressure when moving from a lying down or sitting position to an upright or standing position,causing a loss of balance,is:

A)Recumbent hypertension
B)Claudication
C)Orthostatic hypotension
D)Diaphoresis

Question 28

Which of the following is a localized weakness of a blood vessel wall?

A)Phlebitis
B)Peripheral arterial disease
C)Aneurysm
D)Vasospasm

Question 29

If vein inflammation is accompanied by thrombus formation,the condition is referred to as:

A)Phlebitis
B)Thrombophlebitis
C)Vasculitis
D)Varicose veins

Question 30

Which of the following is due to dilated veins,causing their valves to become incompetent?

A)Varicose veins
B)Thromboangiitis obliterans
C)Hemangioma
D)Anemia