Question 1

One measure of an equitable health service is whether people in rural and remote areas can:&#10;A)obtain broad interventions focused on the whole population.&#10;B)access health services and achieve health outcomes similar to their urban counterparts.&#10;C)choose an appropriate payment plan.&#10;D)claim for a full range of clinical interventions.

Accepted Answer

Access to health services and achieving health outcomes similar to their urban counterparts is a key aspect of equitable health services for people in rural and remote areas, as they often face barriers to accessing health care due to geographical and socioeconomic factors. The other options are not necessarily indicative of equitable health services in rural and remote areas.

Question 2

Improving access in rural and remote Australia has generally focused on which of the following health system characteristics?&#10;A)A 'one size fits all' health service model&#10;B)Models of care and workforce initiatives&#10;C)Integrated services for Indigenous Australians&#10;D)Provision of travel schemes to any providers irrespective of location

Accepted Answer

Models of care and workforce initiatives have been a key focus in improving access in rural and remote Australia. This includes implementing telehealth, providing training and support to local healthcare providers, and exploring innovative models of care such as community-led healthcare. The other options, including a 'one size fits all' health service model, integrated services for Indigenous Australians, and provision of travel schemes, are also important but not the primary focus in improving access.

Question 3

Rural health can be a great environment to work in because of:&#10;A)most of the drivers and agents of change being based in the city.&#10;B)a lack of interference from upper management levels.&#10;C)work variety and community connectedness.&#10;D)laid-back rural culture and a hands-off approach to planning.

Accepted Answer

Rural health offers a variety of work opportunities and allows for a more connected community, which can be rewarding for healthcare professionals. Option A and D are incorrect as rural health can have its own set of challenges and drivers of change. Option B is incorrect as upper management levels are still present in rural health environments.

Question 4

Horizontal equity means :&#10;A)health care is a fundamental right for those in rural and remote areas.&#10;B)one model to yield the best health outcomes.&#10;C)an equitable health service so people in rural and remote can achieve same health comes as their metropolitan counterparts.&#10;D)all of the above.

Accepted Answer

Horizontal equity means that people with similar health needs should receive similar access to health services, regardless of their geographic location or socioeconomic status. Therefore, option C is the best choice as it directly relates to ensuring equal access to health services for people in rural and remote areas, so they can achieve the same health outcomes as those in metropolitan areas. Option A and B are not relevant to the concept of horizontal equity.

Question 5

Socio-economic factors are important determinants of your potential to live a life of advantage or relative wellbeing.These factors include:&#10;A)physical,mental and social perspectives.&#10;B)geographical,demographical,sociological and cultural factors.&#10;C)income,occupation,education and housing.&#10;D)all of the above.

Accepted Answer

Socio-economic factors specifically refer to aspects like income, occupation, education, and housing, which directly influence an individual's or group's economic and social position.

Question 6

The MMM Modified Monash Model distinguishes different town sizes.One way of measuring this is the:&#10;A)IRSAD.&#10;B)MMM.&#10;C)ASGC-RA.&#10;D)ARIA

Accepted Answer

The MMM Modified Monash Model is a land use and transport model that distinguishes different town sizes. One way of measuring this is the IRSAD (Institut de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité).

Question 7

In Australia several geographical classifications have evolved to differentiate rural locality and remoteness from urban.What is the seven-level classification system now commonly used?&#10;A)The RRMA&#10;B)The ARIA&#10;C)The ASGC-RA&#10;D)The MMM

Accepted Answer

The Modified Monash Model (MMM) is the current seven-level classification system used in Australia to differentiate rural locality and remoteness from urban areas.

Question 8

In Australia,rural health is a concept that:&#10;A)considers physical,mental and social perspectives.&#10;B)developed from geographical,demographical,sociological and cultural factors.&#10;C)refers to the health status of individuals and communities in regional and remote areas.&#10;D)refers to all of the above.

Accepted Answer

Rural health in Australia encompasses physical, mental and social perspectives and has developed from geographical, demographical, sociological and cultural factors. It refers to the health status of individuals and communities living in regional and remote areas. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 9

The rural health workforce is significantly affected by:&#10;A)the inequitable distribution of health workers between urban,rural and remote areas.&#10;B)being able to access online professional development.&#10;C)manageable workloads compared with those in a large city hospital.&#10;D)increasing choice of specialisations.

Accepted Answer

The inequitable distribution of health workers between urban, rural, and remote areas significantly affects the rural health workforce. This can result in rural areas having fewer health workers, leading to increased workload and inadequate access to health care services. Online professional development, manageable workloads, and increasing choice of specializations may have some impact, but they are not a significant factor affecting the rural health workforce.

Question 10

Australians living in rural areas generally experience poorer health than their urban counterparts.Which of the following is NOT true?&#10;A)With increasing remoteness,life expectancy decreases.&#10;B)There are higher rates of asthma,lung disease,arthritis,and injury,harmful levels of drinking alcohol,being overweight or obese and poorer oral health in rural areas.&#10;C)There are higher rates of being overweight or obese in rural areas.&#10;D)Life expectancy increases with increasing remoteness.

Accepted Answer

The statement "Life expectancy increases with increasing remoteness" is false. In fact, with increasing remoteness, life expectancy decreases, as mentioned in option A. Therefore, option D is NOT true.

Deck 9: Rural Health Systems: Spotlight on Equity and Access