Deck 3: The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Question 1

The dura mater is the fragile, innermost meningeal layer that closely adheres to the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Oligodendrocytes form myelin around the axons of the CNS.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The outer layer of the brain is grey matter, but the outer layer of the spinal cord is white matter.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The cell bodies of both afferent and efferent neurons originate in the CNS.

Question 5

Complex thought is a function of the frontal lobe.

Question 6

The blood-brain barrier prevents an increase in the concentration of potassium ions in the ECF surrounding brain cells.

Question 7

The basal nuclei are part of the cerebrum.

Question 8

A flat EEG always signifies brain death.

Question 9

Efferent neurons are sensory neurons.

Question 10

Aphasia is a language disorder.

Question 11

White matter consists primarily of myelinated nerve fibres.

Question 12

The white matter in the CNS consists of parts of neurons not covered with myelin.

Question 13

Transport across the brain capillary walls is prevented anatomically between the cells and is restricted physiologically through the cells.

Question 14

Sound sensation is received initially by the parietal lobes.

Question 15

The recycling of newly acquired information through short-term memory increases the likelihood of long-term memory consolidation.

Question 16

Different parts of the body are not represented by equal areas of the sensory homunculus of the parietal lobe.

Question 17

Efferent neurons are the most abundant type of neuron.

Question 18

Efferent neurons lie primarily in the central nervous system.

Question 19

The two regions of grey matter within the cerebrum are the cerebral cortex and the basal nuclei.

Question 20

The cerebral cortex is an inner core of white matter.

Question 21

The cerebellum is important in coordinating voluntary movements.

Question 22

Working memory involves comparing current sensory data with relevant stored knowledge, and manipulating that information.

Question 23

According to definition, there are no nerves in the CNS.

Question 24

The majority of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brain stem.

Question 25

Ninety percent of the cells within the CNS are neurons.

Question 26

Efferent neurons leave the spinal cord through the dorsal root.

Question 27

Microglia are phagocytic cells delivered by the blood to the central nervous system.

Question 28

The cerebrospinal fluid comes into direct contact with the neuronal and glial cells.

Question 29

There are 15 pairs of cranial nerves.

Question 30

The amount of cortical space in the primary motor cortex devoted to a given body part is proportional to the size of the part.

Question 31

Efferent neurons are motor neurons.

Question 32

Stimulation of the frontal lobe produces changes in personality and social behaviour.

Question 33

Sleep is accompanied by a reduction in neural activity.

Question 34

The right and left cerebral hemispheres perform identical functions, except they control opposite sides of the body.

Question 35

Consciousness refers to subjective awareness of the external world and self.

Question 36

The brain lacks plasticity of functions.

Question 37

The pia mater is the fragile, innermost meningeal layer that adheres closely to the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 38

A central bundle of interneuronal axons is called a tract, whereas a peripheral bundle of afferent and efferent neuronal axons is called a nerve.

Question 39

Schwann cells are involved in regeneration of nerve fibre.

Question 40

Disorders of the cerebellum are characterized by an intention tremor.

Question 41

Astrocytes take up the neurotransmitter GABA.

Question 42

Information as to whether a finger was touching an ice cube or being hit by a hammer would be carried to the brain in different ascending tracts within the spinal cord.

Question 43

Most brain tumours of neural origin consist of glial cells.

Question 44

The motor cortex on the frontal lobe is not the only brain region involved in motor control.

Question 45

The grey matter in the CNS consists of parts of neurons not covered with myelin.

Question 46

Grey matter consists predominantly of neuron cell bodies and dendrites.

Question 47

Hydrocephalus is caused by insufficient cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 48

The limbic association cortex is involved with motivation and emotion.

Question 49

Interneurons lie entirely within the central nervous system.

Question 50

The cells that form the walls of the brain capillaries have the inherent ability to form tight junctions.

Question 51

Dura mater is the innermost meningeal layer.

Question 52

Different parts of the body are not equally represented in the somatosensory cortex and the primary motor cortex.

Question 53

Grey matter refers to regions of the central nervous system composed primarily of densely packed cell bodies, whereas white matter consists of bundles of myelinated nerve fibres.

Question 54

The withdrawal reflex is a monosynaptic reflex.

Question 55

Microglia are the immune cells of the CNS.

Question 56

The brain cannot produce ATP in the absence of oxygen.

Question 57

Resting tremors are associated with diseases of the basal nuclei.

Question 58

Afferent neurons have a long peripheral axon and a short central axon.

Question 59

Somatotopic maps of the cerebral cortex are static through the life of the organism.

Question 60

If neuronal pathways present at birth are not used during sensitive developmental periods, they may be eliminated.

Question 61

The occipital lobe is in the anterior region of the brain.

Question 62

An electroencephalogram is a record of action potential activity in the cerebral cortex.

Question 63

The right hemisphere is usually dominant in right-handed persons.

Question 64

Nerves of the autonomic nervous system control skeletal muscle responses.

Question 65

Which of the following structures is the outermost layer of meninges?

A)arachnoid mater
B)dura mater
C) parietal meninges
D) pia mater

Question 66

Cells forming the brain capillaries are joined by tight junctions that completely seal the capillary wall.

Question 67

The stretch reflex is a polysynaptic reflex.

Question 68

Centres for the control of respiration and circulatory function are located in the hypothalamus.

Question 69

Ascending tracts carry information from the periphery to the CNS.

Question 70

Which of the following structures is NOT subcortical?

A)basal nuclei
B)thalamus
C) Wernicke's area
D) cerebellum

Question 71

Reciprocal innervation refers to the dual innervation of organs by the autonomic nervous system.

Question 72

A retrograde chemical messenger from the postsynaptic neuron can influence neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic neuron at a synapse during long-term potentiation.

Question 73

Which of the following functions is NOT characteristic of the hypothalamus?

A)to control body temperature
B)to act as the centre for coordination with the autonomic nervous system
C) to produce hormones for the posterior pituitary gland
D) to receive sensory inputs from skeletal muscles

Question 74

Which of these statements applies to the prefrontal association cortex?

A)It is concerned primarily with motivation and emotion.
B)It integrates somatic, auditory, and visual sensations.
C) It plays an important role in personality traits.
D) It localizes the source of sensory input and perceives the level of intensity of the stimulus.

Question 75

The cell bodies in the spinal cord are located primarily in the white matter.

Question 76

Which of the following is the main function of Wernicke's area?

A)to control limb movements
B)to control hand-eye coordination
C) to control language comprehension
D) to control memory

Question 77

By which route does information travel up the spinal cord to the brain?

A)via the ventral root ganglion
B)via efferent pathways
C) via ascending tracts
D) via descending tracts

Question 78

About 90 percent of the cells within the CNS are neurons.

Question 79

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to recall recent past events.

Question 80

CREB is a brain neurotransmitter.