Deck 17: Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Question 1

A high level of estrogen stimulates myometrial contraction.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The significance of the scrotal location of the testes is to provide a warmer temperature for sperm production to occur.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A human body cell normally has 46 autosomes.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Estrogen stimulates duct development in the breasts.

Question 5

The secretory phase of the uterine cycle lasts from menstruation to ovulation.

Question 6

Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac is known as cryptorchidism.

Question 7

Development and maintenance of the male body configuration results from the general protein anabolic effect of testosterone.

Question 8

The IUD prevents ovulation.

Question 9

When the entire uterine contents shift downward during late gestation so that the baby's head is brought into contact with the cervix, this is often mistaken as the onset of labour, so-called "false labour."

Question 10

The human testis contains many Leydig cells (interstitial cells) at various stages of differentiation, some of which have only half the normal number of chromosomes.

Question 11

Estriol is the main estrogen product secreted from the ovaries.

Question 12

Some of the precursors for secretion of hormones by the placenta come from the fetal adrenal cortex.

Question 13

Human chorionic gonadotropin is secreted by the corpus luteum of pregnancy.

Question 14

Inhibin is produced by the Sertoli cells, and selectively inhibits the secretion of FSH from the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 15

The endometrium is composed primarily of smooth muscle that thickens under the influence of estrogen.

Question 16

High levels of estrogen directly stimulate the LH-secreting cells of the anterior pituitary.

Question 17

The Sertoli cells provide nourishment for the developing sperm cells.

Question 18

In an embryo with an XX combination of sex chromosomes, the presence of estrogen from the embryonic ovary induces the development of female external genitalia and reproductive tract.

Question 19

The process of oogenesis (from undifferentiated germ cell to released ovum) takes anywhere from 11 to 50 years to complete.

Question 20

Implantation normally occurs within 24 hours after fertilization.

Question 21

Erection and ejaculation are both spinal reflexes.

Question 22

The release of GnRH inhibits the secretion of FSH.

Question 23

An XY combination of sex chromosomes is a genetic male.

Question 24

An XX combination of sex chromosomes will always produce an anatomic female.

Question 25

Fetal testes secrete testosterone, and fetal ovaries secrete estrogen.

Question 26

Prostaglandins are secreted into the semen by the prostate gland.

Question 27

The hormone hCG diminishes the life span of the corpus luteum.

Question 28

Prostaglandins are found only in the semen.

Question 29

Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are secreted by the gonads.

Question 30

The delivery of the placenta is the third stage of labour.

Question 31

In the male, the primary reproductive organs include the testes, the prostate gland, the seminal vesicles, and the bulbourethral glands.

Question 32

The ductus deferens passes through the inguinal canal.

Question 33

Several hundred million sperm may reach maturity daily.

Question 34

The first meiotic division of a primary oocyte occurs within a mature follicle just prior to ovulation.

Question 35

One primary oocyte containing 46 doubled chromosomes yields only one ovum containing 23 unpaired chromosomes.

Question 36

Erection can occur only upon stimulation of the mechanoreceptors in the glans penis.

Question 37

Spermatogonia line the lumen of the seminiferous tubule.

Question 38

Blood is exchanged between the mother and fetus across the placenta.

Question 39

One primary oocyte containing 46 chromosomes yields one ovum containing 46 chromosomes.

Question 40

If several sperm fertilize a single ovum as it is dividing, twins or even triplets, may result.

Question 41

Testosterone promotes closure of the epiphyseal plate.

Question 42

The secondary oocyte normally has a diploid chromosome number.

Question 43

Although discovered in the semen, prostaglandins are ubiquitous, locally acting, chemical messengers that exert widespread effects throughout the body.

Question 44

The endometrium is the layer of smooth muscles of the uterus.

Question 45

Testosterone is directly responsible for differentiating the external genitalia into the penis and scrotum.

Question 46

The Leydig cells secrete testosterone in response to stimulation by luteinizing hormone.

Question 47

Parasympathetic stimulation is required for erection, whereas sympathetic stimulation is necessary for ejaculation.

Question 48

The glycogen stored in the endometrial glands is broken down by the trophoblast to provide nourishment during the early stages of the developing embryo.

Question 49

Ovarian estrogen production decreases during climacteric.

Question 50

Suckling stimulates oxytocin and prolactin secretion.

Question 51

Ejaculation is a two-part reflex involving (1) contraction of the smooth muscle of the reproductive tract and accessory sex organs (emission) and (2) contraction of the skeletal muscles at the base of the penis (expulsion).

Question 52

Normal functioning of the reproductive system is not aimed toward homeostasis and is not necessary for survival of the individual.

Question 53

There is a limited lifetime supply of primary oocytes, which are present at the birth of a baby girl.

Question 54

Vasectomy invariably results in a decrease in testosterone secretion.

Question 55

The placenta secretes hCG, which causes the ovaries to maintain cyclic follicular development (ovulations) during pregnancy.

Question 56

The fimbriae and cilia usually guide the egg into the oviduct following ovulation.

Question 57

Low levels of estrogen inhibit the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary, whereas high levels of estrogen stimulate the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary.

Question 58

During the female sexual response, the lower third of the vagina expands to accommodate entry of the penis.

Question 59

Sperm are able to penetrate the zona pellucida only after binding with specific receptor sites on the surface of this layer.

Question 60

The fimbriae are the dilated portion of the uterus.

Question 61

The plasma concentration of estrogen reaches a higher level during the follicular phase than during the luteal phase, despite the fact that the follicle and corpus luteum both secrete estrogen.

Question 62

The oral contraceptive inhibits follicle development.

Question 63

Testosterone in the male and progesterone in the female are responsible for the development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 64

The inner cell mass of the blastocyst is destined to become the fetus.

Question 65

A surge in LH halts estrogen synthesis.

Question 66

There is an increase in estrogen secretion after menopause due to an increase in GnRH secretion.

Question 67

Parasympathetic stimulation of the uterine muscle is involved in the process of parturition.

Question 68

The corpus luteum develops from old follicular cells.

Question 69

The developing sperm cells arising from a single primary spermatocyte remain joined by cytoplasmic bridges until development is complete so that a Y-bearing sperm can be provided with essential products coded for by the X chromosome.

Question 70

The third and final stage of labour involves the actual birth of the baby.

Question 71

The vagina is the site of fertilization.

Question 72

Oxytocin is secreted by the hypothalamus.

Question 73

The seminal vesicles store sperm prior to ejaculation.

Question 74

Cryptorchidism is the descending of the testis through the inguinal canal.

Question 75

The prostate gland provides fructose to be utilized by the sperm for energy.

Question 76

At puberty, the hypothalamus becomes more sensitive to feedback inhibition by testosterone.

Question 77

The Müllerian ducts persist in female fetuses and develop into the uterus and oviducts.

Question 78

One spermatogonium containing 46 chromosomes yields two spermatozoa, each containing 23 chromosomes.

Question 79

The second meiotic division occurs within the ovary before ovulation takes place.

Question 80

Developing follicles that fail to reach maturity to ovulate undergo atresia and form scar tissue.