Deck 10: The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

Question 1

Neutrophils are the first phagocytes to leave the blood and arrive at a site of bacterial invasion or tissue damage.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

HLA antigens are found only on the surface of leukocytes.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

B cells bind with HLA self-antigens.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Severe burns of the skin can result in life-threatening circulatory disturbances.

Question 5

A granuloma is a more or less permanently walled-off structure within which indestructible offending material is imprisoned.

Question 6

T cells typically bind with HLA self-antigens only when they are in association with foreign antigen.

Question 7

Hives result from an allergy-induced histamine release.

Question 8

Only Rh-negative individuals can produce anti-Rh antibodies.

Question 9

Antibodies are not able to directly destroy invading organisms.

Question 10

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of leukocytes to squeeze through small capillary pores.

Question 11

Diapedesis refers to the chemical attraction of phagocytes to areas of injury, inflammation, or bacterial invasion.

Question 12

Endogenous pyrogen (EP), leukocyte endogenous mediator (LEM), and interleukin 1 (IL-1) are all believed to be identical or closely related chemical mediators.

Question 13

Cytotoxic T cells are one of several kinds of regulatory T cells.

Question 14

Type B blood has the anti-B antibody.

Question 15

The formation of memory cells against a particular disease-causing microorganism can occur only as a result of the person actually having the disease.

Question 16

The immune system functions entirely independently of the body's two major control systems: the nervous and endocrine systems.

Question 17

Eosinophils are attracted to sites involved with delayed allergic reactions.

Question 18

Bacteria have been genetically engineered to produce interferon.

Question 19

Most fat cells in the body are located in the dermis.

Question 20

Lactoferrin is a protein that binds with iron.

Question 21

Peyer's patches are located in the kidney.

Question 22

B lymphocytes are involved with immediate hypersensitivity reactions, whereas T lymphocytes are involved with delayed hypersensitivity reactions.

Question 23

When an antigen gains entry to the body, it stimulates all of the B cells to produce antibodies specific against it.

Question 24

Cancer cells may evade the immune system by inducing committed T cells into apoptosis.

Question 25

Granulopoiesis includes the synthesis and release of neutrophils.

Question 26

The spleen clears the lymph that passes through it of bacteria and other foreign matter.

Question 27

Endogenous pyrogens released by macrophages cause the hypothalamus to elevate body temperature during times of infection.

Question 28

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE secreted by B cells, whereas delayed hypersensitivity is mediated by T cells.

Question 29

The membrane-attack complex is formed by the five final activated components of the complement system.

Question 30

The arm regions of an antibody determine with what antigen the antibody can bind, whereas the tail portion determines the destiny of the antibody once it is bound.

Question 31

Interferon, natural killer cells, and cytotoxic T cells all exert antiviral and anticancer effects.

Question 32

Virus-infected cells can self-destruct by apoptosis.

Question 33

Saliva is destructive to bacteria because it is highly acidic.

Question 34

Hypersensitivity is a B cell-mediated response.

Question 35

A single mutation induced by a carcinogen is usually sufficient to convert a normal cell into a cancer cell.

Question 36

Interferon is released only from phagocytic cells that have been invaded by viruses.

Question 37

Type A blood has the anti-A antibody.

Question 38

Antihistamines are effective in combating the allergic symptoms induced by a slow-reactive substance of anaphylaxis.

Question 39

Interferon is secreted by lymphoid organs.

Question 40

The secondary immune response can be longer and more powerful than the primary immune response.

Question 41

One of the most lethal consequences of mismatched blood transfusions is acute kidney failure caused by blockage of urine-forming structures by haemoglobin precipitation.

Question 42

Hair and nails are both special keratinized products.

Question 43

The primary response to microbial invasion is mediated by memory cells.

Question 44

Histamine is primarily responsible for causing the bronchial constriction associated with asthma.

Question 45

IgE antibodies are common mediators for allergic reactions.

Question 46

The only means by which macrophages can defend against microbial invaders is phagocytosis.

Question 47

Type AB blood has both A and B antigens and no anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

Question 48

Type AB blood can be donated to anyone because it lacks both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Question 49

Thymosin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland.

Question 50

A sneeze expels irritant material mainly from the esophagus.

Question 51

During their agglutination, red blood cells clump together.

Question 52

Debris trapped on the sticky mucus lining the respiratory airways is primarily cleared away by the alveolar macrophages.

Question 53

A given allergen can activate a B cell or T cell.

Question 54

A host cell is the body cell of an infected individual.

Question 55

Immune surveillance refers to the body's ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful foreign invaders.

Question 56

Fever results from neurological activity in the cerebellum.

Question 57

Pathogenic bacteria induce tissue damage and produce disease by invading host cells and taking over the cellular biochemical facilities for their own purposes.

Question 58

Diapedesis is the means by which a leukocyte reproduces.

Question 59

The clonal selection theory explains why the capacity for diverse lymphocyte production is limited.

Question 60

Viral-blocking enzymes induced by interferon are activated only upon viral invasion of the cell.

Question 61

People with type A blood produce anti-B antibodies without ever being exposed to type B blood, but Rh-negative individuals produce anti-Rh antibodies only if they are exposed to Rh-positive blood.

Question 62

Specific immune responses are selectively targeted against particular foreign material to which the body has previously been exposed.

Question 63

The large intestine's normal microbial population helps defend against infection within the lower intestine.

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT secreted by helper T cells?

A)interleukin 2
B)perforin
C) macrophage-migration inhibition factor
D) B-cell growth factor

Question 65

Vasodilation of the blood vessels supplying a tissue increases the flow of blood to that area.

Question 66

Haptens are the light chains produced for antibody synthesis.

Question 67

Which type of cells do natural killer cells destroy?

A)antibody-marked cells
B)bacteria and virus-infected cells
C) bacteria and cancerous cells
D) cancerous cells and virus-infected cells

Question 68

The tremendous diversity of antibodies is made possible by genetic recombination coupled with somatic mutation during lymphocyte development.

Question 69

What type of immune defence cell is invaded selectively by the AIDS virus?

A)cytotoxic T cells
B)helper T cells
C) suppressor T cells
D) macrophages

Question 70

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe glucocorticoids?

A)Cortisol is a glucocorticoid.
B)They are used to treat undesirable immune responses.
C) They stimulate lymphocyte production.
D) They reduce the body's ability to resist infection.

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT found in the epidermis?

A)red blood cells
B)keratinocytes
C) melanocytes
D) Langerhans cells

Question 72

What is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the blood?

A)IgA
B)IgM
C) IgE
D) IgG

Question 73

Which occurrence is NOT characteristic of the inflammation response?

A)increased capillary permeability
B)increased macrophage activity
C) localized vasodilation
D) decreased phagocytic activity

Question 74

Which of these statements correctly describes plasma cells?

A)They are derived from T cells.
B)They have an expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum.
C) They do not secrete antibodies but remain dormant and expand the clone specific for the invading antigen.
D) They are derived from T cells and have an expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT an outcome of complement activation?

A)promotion of localized vasodilation
B)formation of a membrane-attack complex
C) activation of kinins
D) stimulation of interferon production

Question 76

Neutrophils swell and mature into macrophages after they enter the tissues.

Question 77

Which of these statements correctly describes B lymphocytes?

A)They are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity.
B)They are activated by thymosin.
C) They mature and differentiate into macrophages.
D) They bind with foreign antigen in association with self-antigen.

Question 78

Phagocytes can destroy foreign microbes only after they have engulfed these invaders.

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT attributable to the immune defence system?

A)It defends against pathogenic microorganisms.
B)It converts foreign chemicals into compounds that can be more readily eliminated in the urine.
C) It removes worn-out cells and tissue debris.
D) It identifies and destroys abnormal or mutant cells.

Question 80

Adipose tissue is located within the hypodermis.