Deck 5: Data and Process Modeling

Question 1

When a context diagram is expanded into data flow diagram (DFD)diagram 0,all the connections that flow into and out of process 0 must be retained.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In data flow diagrams (DFD),systems analysts call an entity that supplies data to the system a sink.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In a data flow diagram (DFD),a data flow must have a process symbol on at least one end.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A decision tree is read from left to right,with the conditions along the various branches and the actions at the far left.

Question 5

The only disadvantage of the four-model approach is the added time and cost needed to develop a logical and physical model of the current system.

Question 6

The primary purpose of pseudocode is to describe the underlying business logic of code.

Question 7

In the systems design phase,a logical model is built that describes how the system will be constructed.

Question 8

In a data flow diagram (DFD),a process symbol can have only one outgoing data flow.

Question 9

What makes one system more complex than another is the number of components,the number of levels,and the degree of interaction among its processes,entities,data stores,and data flows.

Question 10

Deciding whether to explode a process further or determine that it is a functional primitive is a matter of experience,judgment,and interaction with programmers who must translate the logical design into code.

Question 11

In a data flow diagram (DFD),the name of the process appears inside a rectangle.

Question 12

When a data flow diagram (DFD)is exploded,the higher-level diagram is called the child diagram.

Question 13

In DFDs,a process symbol can be referred to as a white hole,because the inputs,outputs,and general functions of the process are hidden,but the underlying details and logic are known.

Question 14

Processes contain the business logic,also called business rules,which transforms the data and produces the required results.

Question 15

In a data flow diagram (DFD),systems analysts call an entity that receives data from the system a source.

Question 16

The end product of data and process modeling is a logical model that will support business operations and meet user needs.

Question 17

Data stores are shown in a context diagram because data stores are external to the system.

Question 18

When a data flow diagram (DFD)is exploded,the lower-level diagram is referred to as the parent diagram.

Question 19

A data flow diagram (DFD)does not show the external entities that provide data to the system or receive output from the system.

Question 20

Processes are generally very simple.

Question 21

A diverging data flow is a data flow in which the same data travels to two or more different locations.

Question 22

Among the symbols in the accompanying figure,a _____ is a path for data to move from one part of the information system to another.

A) data store
B) data flow
C) process
D) gray hole

Question 23

In a data flow diagram (DFD),the Gane and Sarson symbol for a process is a _____.

A) rectangle with rounded corners
B) line with a single or double arrowhead
C) flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side
D) rectangle,which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional

Question 24

Diagram 0 (the numeral zero,and not the letter O)provides an overview of all the components that interact to form the overall system.

Question 25

On lower-level diagrams with multiple processes,there should not be more than nine process symbols.

Question 26

The symbol for an entity is a circle.

Question 27

The symbol for a data flow is a triangle.

Question 28

In addition to the Gane and Sarson symbol set,another popular symbol set is the _____ symbol set.

A) Mantissa
B) Jira
C) Zachman
D) Yourdon

Question 29

In data flow diagrams (DFDs),a process resembles a _____,where the inputs,outputs,and general functions of the process are known,but the underlying details are not shown.

A) black box
B) terminator
C) business rule
D) decision table

Question 30

Among the symbols in the accompanying figure,a _____ receives input data and produces output that has a different content,form,or both.

A) data store
B) data flow
C) process
D) gray hole

Question 31

A _____ shows how data moves through an information system but does not show program logic or processing steps.

A) data flow diagram
B) data tree diagram
C) data model diagram
D) data structure diagram

Question 32

Spontaneous generation,black holes,and gray holes are impossible logically in a data flow diagram.

Question 33

When drawing a context diagram,standardized names should be used within each set of symbols.

Question 34

In data and process modeling,a(n)_____ shows what the system must do,regardless of how it will be implemented physically.

A) organizational model
B) physical model
C) logical model
D) relational model

Question 35

Data flow diagram entities also are called terminators because they are data origins or final destinations.

Question 36

By showing processes as _____,an analyst can create data flow diagrams (DFDs)that show how the system functions but avoid unnecessary detail and clutter.

A) black boxes
B) process descriptions
C) business rules
D) decision tables

Question 37

To draw a context diagram,you start by placing a single process symbol on the top right corner of the page.

Question 38

A data flow diagram shows the detailed contents of a data store.

Question 39

Among the symbols in the accompanying figure,a _____ is used to represent data that a system stores because one or more processes need to use the data at a later time.

A) data store
B) data flow
C) process
D) gray hole

Question 40

A data flow diagram (DFD)shows _____.

A) how data arerelated
B) what key fields are stored in the system
C) how a system transforms input data into useful information
D) what data is stored in the system

Question 41

In a data dictionary,a(n)_____ is the smallest piece of data that has meaning within an information system.

A) field
B) index
C) record
D) pixel

Question 42

If processes must be performed in a specific sequence,the information should be documented in the _____.

A) leveling guide
B) process descriptions
C) data dictionary
D) data flow diagram (DFD)

Question 43

A _____ is a central storehouse of information about a system's data.

A) data cube
B) data feed
C) data mart
D) data repository

Question 44

_____ is the process of drawing a series of increasingly detailed data flow diagrams (DFDs),until all functional primitives are identified.

A) Leveling
B) Balancing
C) Indexing
D) Looping

Question 45

A _____ is logically impossible in a data flow diagram (DFD)because a process must act on input,shown by an incoming data flow,and produce output,represented by an outgoing data flow.

A) spontaneous combustion
B) gray matter
C) black hole
D) server farm

Question 46

In a data flow diagram (DFD),the Gane and Sarson symbol for a data flow is a _____.

A) segment of a differentiable curve
B) line with a single or double arrowhead
C) flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side
D) triangle,which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional

Question 47

In a data flow diagram (DFD),the Gane and Sarson symbol for an entity is a ____.

A) rectangle with rounded corners
B) line with a single or double arrowhead
C) flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side
D) rectangle,which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional

Question 48

Balancing _____.

A) uses a series of increasingly detailed data flow diagrams (DFDs)to describe an information system
B) ensures that the input and output data flows of the parent data flow diagram (DFD)are maintained on the child data flow diagram (DFD)
C) uses a series of increasingly sketchy data flow diagrams (DFDs)to describe an information system
D) ensures that the input and output data flows of the child data flow diagram (DFD)are maintained on the parent data flow diagram (DFD)

Question 49

_____ maintains consistency among data flow diagrams (DFDs)by ensuring that input and output data flows align properly.

A) Balancing
B) Indexing
C) Adapting
D) Shipping

Question 50

In a data dictionary,_____ refers to whether the data element contains numeric,alphabetic,or character values.

A) pool
B) type
C) valence
D) domain

Question 51

Data flow diagram (DFD)entities are also called _____ because they are data origins or final data destinations.

A) data stores
B) pseudocodes
C) terminators
D) gray holes

Question 52

The data dictionary usually records and describes a default value,which is the _____.

A) set of values permitted for the data element
B) identification of the user(s)responsible for changing values for the data element
C) specification for the origination point for the data element's value
D) value for the data element if a value otherwise is not entered for it

Question 53

In a data dictionary,data elements are combined into _____,which are meaningful combinations of data elements that are included in data flows or retained in data stores.

A) fields
B) columns
C) records
D) decimals

Question 54

In a data dictionary,any name other than the standard data element name is called a(n)_____.

A) clone
B) cipher
C) alias
D) script

Question 55

Since diagram 0 is a(n)_____ version of process 0,it shows considerably more detail than a context diagram.

A) contracted
B) exploded
C) condensed
D) extrapolated

Question 56

In a data flow diagram (DFD),a black hole is a process that has _____.

A) no input
B) at least one output and one input,but the output obviously is insufficient to generate the input shown
C) no output
D) at least one input and one output,but the input obviously is insufficient to generate the output shown

Question 57

In a data flow diagram (DFD),a gray hole is a process that has _____.

A) no input
B) at least one output and one input,but the output obviously is insufficient to generate the input shown
C) no output
D) at least one input and one output,but the input obviously is insufficient to generate the output shown

Question 58

Using _____,an analyst starts with an overall view,which is a context diagram with a single process symbol,and then creates diagram 0,which shows more detail.

A) balancing
B) indexing
C) exploding
D) leveling

Question 59

In a data dictionary,_____ is the maximum number of characters for an alphabetic or character data element or the maximum number of digits and number of decimal positions for a numeric data element.

A) domain
B) valence
C) length
D) index

Question 60

In a data flow diagram (DFD),a spontaneous generation process is a process that has _____.

A) no input
B) at least one output and one input,but the output obviously is insufficient to generate the input shown
C) no output
D) at least one input and one output,but the input obviously is insufficient to generate the output shown

Question 61

In modular design,_____ is also called looping.

A) sequence
B) selection
C) iteration
D) process description

Question 62

Which of the following is a benefit if they use the four-model approach?

A) It will take less time to build a logical and physical model of the current system.
B) It will not require additional expenditures to develop logical and physical models of the current system.
C) It will provide a clear picture of current system functions before any modifications or improvements are made.
D) It will provide time to create the current system models even for projects with tight schedules.

Question 63

A _____ shows a logical structure,with all possible combinations of conditions and resulting actions.

A) pseudo table
B) database table
C) decision table
D) validation table

Question 64

Explain why an analyst may use a black box symbol.

Question 65

If they make use of the four-model approach,which is a likely outcome?

A) The time required to develop the model will increase.
B) Costs of developing a logical and physical model of the current system will decrease.
C) It will not be possible to get a clear picture of the current system functions before modifications are made.
D) The requirements of a new information system will always be different from those of the current information system.

Question 66

_____ is based on combinations of the three logical structures,or control structures,which serve as building blocks for the process.

A) Modular design
B) Interface design
C) Visual design
D) Product design

Question 67

Many analysts follow _____,which means that they develop a physical model of the current system,a logical model of the current system,a logical model of the new system,and a physical model of the new system.

A) a four-model approach
B) a process description
C) the Zachman Framework
D) the Gane and Sarson symbol

Question 68

In a data dictionary,some data elements have _____ rules.For example,an employee's salary must be within the range defined for the employee's job classification.

A) domain
B) range
C) validity
D) mastered

Question 69

What type of relationships exist among the items in a data dictionary?

Question 70

Typical process description tools include _____.

A) context diagrams
B) decision trees
C) pseudocode
D) database tables

Question 71

The major benefit of _____ is that it gives a clear picture of current system functions before any modifications or improvements are made.

A) the four-model approach
B) balancing
C) leveling
D) the Zachman Framework

Question 72

The selection structure is the completion of _____.

A) one or more process steps based on the results of a test or condition
B) steps in a chronological order,one after another
C) a process step that is repeated until a specific condition changes
D) a specific condition that is repeated until a process changes

Question 73

What guidelines should you follow when you draw a context diagram and other data flow diagrams (DFDs)?

Question 74

Explain what a data dictionary is,making sure to include definitions of the terms data element and record in your explanation.Provide examples of each of these terms as you include them.

Question 75

A _____ documents the details of a functional primitive and represents a specific set of processing steps and business logic.

A) logical description
B) primitive description
C) process description
D) function-based description

Question 76

The iteration structure is the completion of _____.

A) one or more process steps based on the results of a test or condition
B) steps in a chronological order,one after another
C) a process step that is repeated until a specific condition changes
D) a specific condition that is repeated until a process changes

Question 77

Define functional primitives and explain how they are used.

Question 78

A data dictionary specifies a data element's _____,which is the set of values permitted for the data element.

A) index
B) domain
C) array
D) record

Question 79

The disadvantage of the four-model approach is that ____.

A) it gives an unclear picture of the current system functions before any modifications or improvements are made
B) the requirements of a new information system always are different from the current information system
C) additional time and money are required to develop a logical and physical model of the current system
D) it does not take additional steps to avoid mistakes made earlier in systems development

Question 80

Decision trees show the logic structure in a _____.

A) vertical form that resembles a tree with the roots at the bottom and the branches at the top
B) horizontal form that resembles a tree with the roots at the left and the branches to the right
C) vertical form that resembles a tree with the roots at the top and the branches at the bottom
D) horizontal form that resembles a tree with the roots at the right and the branches to the left