Deck 35: Respiration

Question 1

Most aquatic invertebrates that have a circulatory system use internal or external ____.

A)tracheal tubes
B)spiracles
C)lungs
D)gills
E)body walls for direct diffusion

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Adult insects exchange respiratory gases primarily by means of ____.

A)spiracles only
B)tracheal tubes and spiracles
C)lungs
D)gills
E)body surface

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In fish, countercurrent exchange involves water flowing over gills and blood flowing through gill capillaries in opposite directions. This increases gas exchange by creating a(n) ____.

A)larger surface area
B)osmotic gradient
C)concentration gradient
D)reservoir for gas
E)source of new hemoglobin

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When pressure in the lungs falls below atmospheric pressure, ____.

A)oxygen leaves the blood
B)oxygen enters the blood
C)air exits the lungs
D)air flows into the lungs
E)lung volume decreases

Question 5

Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the walls of ____ can alter their diameter and therefore air flow.

A)alveoli
B)bronchioles
C)bronchi
D)trachea
E)larynx

Question 6

Gases enter and leave a mammal's body by diffusing across a ____.

A)membrane made up of multiple cell layers
B)hard exoskeleton
C)thin, moist membrane
D)set of gills
E)protective layer of thick cells

Question 7

Food and drink are prevented from entering the respiratory passageways during swallowing by means of the ____.

A)glottis
B)pharynx
C)epiglottis
D)larynx
E)trachea

Question 8

Four of the five answers are correct statements about breathing. Select the exception.

A)During inhalation, the chest cavity expands.
B)Inhalation is powered in part by the diaphragm.
C)Muscles in the walls of the lungs aid in enlarging the lung volume.
D)During exhalation, the diaphragm moves upward.
E)A respiratory cycle is one breath in (inhalation) and one breath out (exhalation).

Question 9

Inhalation is always ____, whereas exhalation is usually ____.

A)active; active
B)active; passive
C)passive; active
D)passive; passive
E)variable depending on oxygen content; fixed

Question 10

Which enzyme converts free carbon dioxide in the blood into forms that can be transported in the blood?

A)carbonic anhydrase
B)carboxypeptidase
C)carbonase
D)decarboxylase
E)dehydrogenase

Question 11

The steepness of the concentration gradient across the respiratory membrane affects gas exchange, with a steeper gradient ____.

A)decreasing the rate of gas exchange
B)increasing the rate of gas exchange
C)decreasing the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
D)increasing the levels of hemoglobin-bound oxygen
E)increasing the number of red blood cells

Question 12

The movement of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body is accomplished by ____.

A)exocytosis and endocytosis
B)bulk flow
C)osmosis
D)diffusion
E)facilitated diffusion

Question 13

In ____, air is pushed from the oral cavity into the lungs.

A)fish
B)amphibians
C)birds
D)reptiles
E)mammals

Question 14

Tobacco smoke ____.

A)exposes the smoker to less than 10 carcinogens
B)presents more of a risk to male smokers than to female smokers
C)takes a long time to manifest in a decrease of respiratory function
D)increases respiratory infections
E)increases carbon dioxide blood levels but decreases carbon monoxide blood levels

Question 15

The levels of ____ in the blood are usually responsible for altering breathing patterns.

A)carbon dioxide
B)oxygen
C)nitrogen
D)hydrogen
E)hemoglobin

Question 16

The respiratory membrane consists of alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium, and ____.

A)a lubricating secretion
B)a connective tissue layer
C)fused basement membranes
D)gas
E)pleural membranes

Question 17

Gases diffuse down a ____ gradient.

A)volume
B)temperature
C)osmotic
D)partial pressure
E)chemical

Question 18

The first lungs evolved from outpouchings of the gut wall in some ____.

A)bony fishes
B)amphibians
C)birds
D)reptiles
E)early mammals

Question 19

The group of animals with an efficient respiratory system, in that there is no "stale air" after exhalation, is the ____.

A)amphibians
B)birds
C)mammals
D)reptiles
E)fish

Question 20

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher in the interstitial fluid surrounding cells than in the capillary blood. Therefore, carbon dioxide moves from ____ to ____.

A)blood; air
B)blood; interstitial fluid
C)air; interstitial fluid
D)interstitial fluid; blood
E)interstitial fluid; air

Question 21

The respiratory effects of marijuana smoke ____.

A)are well-studied by scientists
B)include exposure to carcinogens such as arsenic and ammonia
C)include increased risk for lung cancer
D)include decreased risk of respiratory disease
E)are harmless to the user

Question 22

In aerobic respiration, the reaction of glucose with oxygen yields ____.

A)carbon dioxide only
B)water only
C)pyruvate only
D)carbon dioxide and water only
E)carbon dioxide, water, and pyruvate

Question 23

Match the respiratory disease or disorder with the best description.
a.sleep apnea
b.tuberculosis
c.pneumonia
d.bronchitis
e.asthma
f.emphysema
active bacterial infection, cough up bloody mucus, have chest pain, and find breathing difficult

Question 24

What is the proper sequence in the flow of air in mammals?

A)nasal cavities, larynx, pharynx, bronchi, trachea
B)nasal cavities, pharynx, bronchi, larynx, trachea
C)nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
D)nasal cavities, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi
E)nasal cavities, bronchi, larynx, trachea, pharynx

Question 25

Vocal cords are made of ____.

A)smooth muscle
B)cartilage
C)skeletal muscle
D)ligaments
E)tendons

Question 26

In insects, air enters through a ____ and is delivered to interstitial fluid.

A)lung
B)spiracle
C)anterior air sac
D)posterior air sac
E)gill

Question 27

Most of the carbon dioxide produced by the body is transported to the lungs as ____.

A)a gaseous form
B)blood plasma
C)potassium carbonate ions
D)bicarbonate ions
E)carbonic acid

Question 28

Four of the five answers listed below are components of the human respiratory system. Select the exception.

A)thoracic cavity
B)trachea
C)diaphragm
D)spiracle
E)larynx

Question 29

Inhaled air has a higher partial pressure of oxygen than blood in pulmonary capillaries. Therefore, oxygen ____.

A)dissociates from hemoglobin
B)diffuses out of the blood into the air
C)diffuses into the blood from the air
D)moves out of the lungs during exhalation
E)does not cross the respiratory membrane

Question 30

The human vocal cords are located in the ____.

A)glottis
B)pharynx
C)trachea
D)larynx
E)bronchus

Question 31

When humans breathe using only the mouth, which process is most diminished?

A)filtering
B)warming
C)moisturizing
D)texturizing
E)vocalizing

Question 32

Gas exchange in mammalian lungs occurs in the ____.

A)villi
B)anterior air sacs
C)posterior air sacs
D)bronchioles
E)alveoli

Question 33

The pacemaker for inhalation is located in the ____.

A)alveoli
B)bronchi
C)diaphragm
D)hypothalamus
E)medulla oblongata

Question 34

In which group does some gas exchange occur across the skin?

A)fish
B)insects
C)lizards
D)amphibians
E)snakes

Question 35

Which gas or gases bind to hemoglobin more strongly than oxygen?

A)carbon monoxide only
B)carbon dioxide only
C)nitrogen only
D)both carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
E)both carbon dioxide and nitrogen

Question 36

Respiratory surfaces must be ____ and ____.

A)flexible; wet
B)thick; dry
C)thick; moist
D)thin; dry
E)thin; moist

Question 37

Choking involves blockage of the ____.

A)larynx
B)pharynx
C)nasal passage
D)bronchiole
E)alveoli

Question 38

The maximum volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs with forced inhalation and exhalation is the ____.

A)vital capacity
B)tidal volume
C)forced inhalation volume
D)forced exhalation volume
E)residual volume

Question 39

During inhalation, the ____.

A)external intercostal muscles relax
B)pressure in the lungs is less than atmospheric pressure
C)diaphragm moves upward and becomes more curved
D)chest cavity volume decreases
E)lung pressure increases

Question 40

It takes ____ breaths for an inhaled volume of air to travel through a ____ respiratory system.

A)two; bird's
B)one; bird's
C)three; amphibian's
D)two; amphibian's
E)two; fish's

Question 41

Match the structure with the correct description.
a.pharynx
b.larynx
c.trachea
d.bronchiole
e.alveolus
the voice box

Question 42

Match the respiratory disease or disorder with the best description.
a.sleep apnea
b.tuberculosis
c.pneumonia
d.bronchitis
e.asthma
f.emphysema
inflammation of bronchial epithelium with excess mucous production and coughing

Question 43

Match the structure with the correct description.
a.the primary "windpipe" between the larynx and the bronchi
b.contains a pair of vocal cords
c.airway that connects the bronchus to the alveoli
d.throat cavity behind the mouth
e.two immediate branches off of the trachea
f.flap-like structure that points upward and allows air to enter the trachea; closed during swallowing
g.gap between the vocal cords
h.microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
epiglottis

Question 44

Match the respiratory disease or disorder with the best description.
a.sleep apnea
b.tuberculosis
c.pneumonia
d.bronchitis
e.asthma
f.emphysema
lung inflammation, can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi

Question 45

Match the structure with the correct description.
a.pharynx
b.larynx
c.trachea
d.bronchiole
e.alveolus
airways that lack cartilage-reinforced walls

Question 46

Match the structure with the correct description.
a.pharynx
b.larynx
c.trachea
d.bronchiole
e.alveolus
air moves from the nasal cavity into this component

Question 47

Match the type of respiratory system with the correct description.​
a.​fish respiration
b.​amphibian respiration
c.​mammalian respiration
d.​bird respiration
e.​insect respiration
​In some cases, this respiratory system utilizes both skin and lungs.

Question 48

Match the respiratory disease or disorder with the best description.
a.sleep apnea
b.tuberculosis
c.pneumonia
d.bronchitis
e.asthma
f.emphysema
thin, elastic alveolar walls are destroyed

Question 49

Match the type of respiratory system with the correct description.​
a.​fish respiration
b.​amphibian respiration
c.​mammalian respiration
d.​bird respiration
e.​insect respiration
​Oxygen content fluctuates in the alveoli where gas exchange with the blood occurs.

Question 50

Match the type of respiratory system with the correct description.​
a.​fish respiration
b.​amphibian respiration
c.​mammalian respiration
d.​bird respiration
e.​insect respiration
​Air sacs in the lungs provide continual one-way flow of fresh, oxygen-rich air.

Question 51

Match the structure with the correct description.
a.the primary "windpipe" between the larynx and the bronchi
b.contains a pair of vocal cords
c.airway that connects the bronchus to the alveoli
d.throat cavity behind the mouth
e.two immediate branches off of the trachea
f.flap-like structure that points upward and allows air to enter the trachea; closed during swallowing
g.gap between the vocal cords
h.microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
alveoli

Question 52

Match the structure with the correct description.
a.the primary "windpipe" between the larynx and the bronchi
b.contains a pair of vocal cords
c.airway that connects the bronchus to the alveoli
d.throat cavity behind the mouth
e.two immediate branches off of the trachea
f.flap-like structure that points upward and allows air to enter the trachea; closed during swallowing
g.gap between the vocal cords
h.microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
glottis

Question 53

Match the structure with the correct description.
a.pharynx
b.larynx
c.trachea
d.bronchiole
e.alveolus
gas exchange between the air in the lungs and their blood supply occurs here

Question 54

Match the type of respiratory system with the correct description.​
a.​fish respiration
b.​amphibian respiration
c.​mammalian respiration
d.​bird respiration
e.​insect respiration
​Air is conveyed directly to tissues by reinforced tubes.

Question 55

Match the respiratory disease or disorder with the best description.
a.sleep apnea
b.tuberculosis
c.pneumonia
d.bronchitis
e.asthma
f.emphysema
inhaled allergen or irritant triggers inflammation, which constricts airways

Question 56

Match the structure with the correct description.
a.the primary "windpipe" between the larynx and the bronchi
b.contains a pair of vocal cords
c.airway that connects the bronchus to the alveoli
d.throat cavity behind the mouth
e.two immediate branches off of the trachea
f.flap-like structure that points upward and allows air to enter the trachea; closed during swallowing
g.gap between the vocal cords
h.microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
bronchioles

Question 57

Match the structure with the correct description.
a.pharynx
b.larynx
c.trachea
d.bronchiole
e.alveolus
spent air moves from the bronchial tubes back to this component

Question 58

Match the type of respiratory system with the correct description.​
a.​fish respiration
b.​amphibian respiration
c.​mammalian respiration
d.​bird respiration
e.​insect respiration
​Countercurrent exchange maximizes efficiency.

Question 59

Match the structure with the correct description.
a.the primary "windpipe" between the larynx and the bronchi
b.contains a pair of vocal cords
c.airway that connects the bronchus to the alveoli
d.throat cavity behind the mouth
e.two immediate branches off of the trachea
f.flap-like structure that points upward and allows air to enter the trachea; closed during swallowing
g.gap between the vocal cords
h.microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
bronchi

Question 60

Match the respiratory disease or disorder with the best description.
a.sleep apnea
b.tuberculosis
c.pneumonia
d.bronchitis
e.asthma
f.emphysema
breathing repeatedly stops and restarts spontaneously

Question 61

Match the structure with the correct description.

-trachea

A)the primary "windpipe" between the larynx and the bronchi
B)contains a pair of vocal cords
C)airway that connects the bronchus to the alveoli
D)throat cavity behind the mouth
E)two immediate branches off of the trachea
F)flap-like structure that points upward and allows air to enter the trachea; closed during swallowing
G)gap between the vocal cords
H)microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium

Question 62

Match the structure with the correct description.
a.the primary "windpipe" between the larynx and the bronchi
b.contains a pair of vocal cords
c.airway that connects the bronchus to the alveoli
d.throat cavity behind the mouth
e.two immediate branches off of the trachea
f.flap-like structure that points upward and allows air to enter the trachea; closed during swallowing
g.gap between the vocal cords
h.microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
pharynx

Question 63

Match the structure with the correct description.
a.the primary "windpipe" between the larynx and the bronchi
b.contains a pair of vocal cords
c.airway that connects the bronchus to the alveoli
d.throat cavity behind the mouth
e.two immediate branches off of the trachea
f.flap-like structure that points upward and allows air to enter the trachea; closed during swallowing
g.gap between the vocal cords
h.microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
larynx