Deck 36: Digestion and Human Nutrition

Question 1

Ducts from the pancreas and gall bladder enter the ____.

A)stomach
B)colon
C)small intestine
D)gall bladder
E)rectum

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Brush border cells have ____.

A)villi
B)acidic secretions
C)microvilli
D)bile secretions
E)smooth muscle

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which carbohydrate-digesting enzyme works in the small intestine?

A)bicarbonate
B)bile
C)salivary amylase
D)pepsin
E)pancreatic amylase

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Four of the five answers listed below are end-products of digestion ready for intestinal absorption. Select the exception.

A)monoglycerides
B)monosaccharides
C)disaccharides
D)amino acids
E)fatty acids

Question 5

Most stomach ulcers are caused by the bacterium ____.

A)Escherichia coli
B)Helicobacter pylori
C)Bacillus anthracis
D)Streptococcus mutans
E)Staphylococcus aureus

Question 6

What is basal metabolic rate?

A)The rate at which the body uses energy when exercising.
B)A measurement designed to assess increased health risk associated with weight.
C)The amount of calories consumed in one day.
D)The rate at which the body uses energy when at rest.
E)The rate at which energy is stored within the body.

Question 7

The greatest amount of nutrient absorption takes place in the ____.

A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)colon
D)pancreas
E)esophagus

Question 8

Birds that eat seeds have ____ beaks.

A)thin, hooked
B)short, thick
C)long, narrow
D)sharp, curved
E)broad, flat

Question 9

Chyme is formed in the ____.

A)mouth
B)esophagus
C)stomach
D)small intestine
E)large intestine

Question 10

Small projections found on the surface of brush border cells that increase the surface area of the small intestine are known as ____.

A)microvilli
B)mucins
C)villi
D)submucosa
E)jejunum

Question 11

A main source of omega-3 fatty acids is ____.

A)oily fish
B)red meat
C)dairy products
D)soy
E)olive oil

Question 12

Which organ stores feces immediately prior to elimination?

A)small intestine
B)liver
C)appendix
D)gall bladder
E)rectum

Question 13

The BMI cutoff of ____ and above indicates obesity.

A)15
B)20
C)25
D)30
E)40

Question 14

Which enzyme is a pancreatic protease?

A)pepsin
B)trypsin
C)amylase
D)pepsinogen
E)lipase

Question 15

The first part of the small intestine is the ____.

A)duodenum
B)ileum
C)colon
D)cecum
E)jejunum

Question 16

Birds have a crop that is modified for ____.

A)digestion of cellulose
B)food storage
C)mechanical breakdown of food
D)digestion of fats
E)storage and elimination of undigested food

Question 17

Bile ____.

A)has no effect on digestion
B)helps in the digestion of fats
C)helps in the digestion of carbohydrates
D)helps in the digestion of proteins
E)lowers the pH in the intestine

Question 18

Which organ does not play a role in mechanical or chemical digestion?

A)stomach
B)liver
C)colon
D)pancreas
E)gallbladder

Question 19

The chemical digestion of proteins begins in the ____.

A)stomach
B)pancreas
C)small intestine
D)large intestine
E)esophagus

Question 20

Wavelike movements that propel food through the digestive system are called ____.

A)peristalsis
B)contractions
C)muscle propulsion
D)cilia beating
E)microvilli and villi motion

Question 21

A deficiency of vitamin ____ may give rise to scurvy, a disorder in which skin and bones deteriorate and wounds are slow to heal.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)E
E)K

Question 22

When glucose absorption exceeds the body's immediate needs, excess glucose is ____.

A)stored as glycogen
B)eliminated via the large intestine
C)used by gut bacteria
D)continuously circulated in the bloodstream
E)excreted in the urine

Question 23

Which condition stimulates the gallbladder to contract?

A)a starchy meal
B)a fatty meal
C)a sugar-laden meal
D)a protein-laden meal
E)acidic chyme

Question 24

What is a cloaca?

A)a body opening that serves solely as the exit for wastes from the digestive tract
B)a multichambered stomach
C)a saclike gut that also functions in gas exchange
D)a chamber lined with hard protein particles for breaking up tough foods
E)a multipurpose body opening that serves as an exit for digestive waste and also functions in reproduction

Question 25

Rodents and some other mammals routinely chew on rough material that wears down their teeth, so they have teeth that ____.

A)are flat and wide
B)grow continuously
C)have a thick layer of enamel
D)are long and sharp
E)are present in higher numbers than other types of mammals

Question 26

The muscular digestive organ of birds in which food is ground into small bits is the ____.

A)lumen
B)gizzard
C)crop
D)stomach
E)cloaca

Question 27

Acidic chyme splashes into the esophagus, causing a burning pain commonly called heartburn or acid indigestion. This happens when ____.

A)excess gastrin is present in the blood
B)a sphincter does not close properly
C)the stomach is full
D)the chyme is too acidic
E)cells lining the esophagus release acid

Question 28

Excessive salt intake can lead to ____.

A)poor absorption of amino acids
B)loss of vitamins in food sources
C)high blood pressure
D)excess calorie intake
E)high cholesterol levels

Question 29

Fats are digested by ____.

A)aminopeptidase
B)pepsin
C)amylase
D)lipase
E)trypsin

Question 30

The muscular tube between the throat and stomach is the ____.

A)pharynx
B)epiglottis
C)small intestine
D)esophagus
E)trachea

Question 31

What is the component of heme whose absence can lead to anemia?

A)iron
B)iodine
C)calcium
D)zinc
E)magnesium

Question 32

What type of tooth pierces and tears food?

A)incisors
B)canines
C)premolars
D)molars
E)dentin

Question 33

Materials move most slowly through the ____.

A)large intestine
B)duodenum
C)esophagus
D)jejunum
E)stomach

Question 34

Salivary amylase begins the digestion of which nutrient in the mouth?

A)starch
B)proteins
C)lipids
D)amino acids
E)nucleic acids

Question 35

Which structure is a short projection of the large intestine that serves as reservoir for beneficial bacteria?

A)gall bladder
B)colon
C)cecum
D)cloaca
E)appendix

Question 36

The acid released in the stomach is ____ acid.

A)carbonic
B)hydrochloric
C)nitric
D)sulfuric
E)phosphoric

Question 37

Movement of nutrient molecules across the lining of the digestive chamber and into the body's internal environment is called ____.

A)absorption
B)excretion
C)mechanical digestion
D)ingestion
E)chemical digestion

Question 38

Which vitamin functions in blood clot formation?

A)A
B)E
C)K
D)B
E)D

Question 39

What hormone, secreted by the stomach, increases the secretion of acids by cells of the stomach lining?

A)amylase
B)gastrin
C)pepsin
D)pepsinogen
E)insulin

Question 40

Movement of glucose through the membranes of the small intestine occurs primarily by ____.

A)osmosis
B)bulk flow
C)active transport proteins
D)diffusion through the lipid bilayer
E)facilitated diffusion

Question 41

To maintain their current weight, a person must balance their caloric intake with the ____.

A)amount of energy stored in fat
B)amount of vitamins and minerals in their diet
C)amount of energy provided in their daily diet
D)energy expended in their daily activities
E)amount of saturated fats in their diet

Question 42

What protein causes an autoimmune reaction in people with celiac disease?

A)wheat
B)gluten
C)fiber
D)bran
E)oleic acid

Question 43

Ruminants' stomachs have microbes to digest ____.

A)starch
B)proteins
C)cellulose
D)lignin
E)lipids

Question 44

What raises the pH of chyme so that digestive enzymes can function in the small intestine?

A)bicarbonate
B)pepsin
C)gastrin
D)bile
E)brush border enzymes

Question 45

Most plant proteins are incomplete, meaning they lack or have a low amount of one or more ____.

A)essential amino acids
B)peptide bonds
C)protease enzymes
D)fatty acids
E)vitamins

Question 46

High stomach acidity ____.

A)creates ideal conditions for carbohydrate digestion
B)promotes emulsification of fats
C)favors fat digestion
D)blocks the release of histamine, thereby favoring production of peptic ulcers
E)activates pepsin

Question 47

Four of the five answers listed below release secretions that are involved in chemical digestion. Select the exception.

A)salivary gland
B)esophagus
C)pancreas
D)gall bladder
E)liver

Question 48

Which vitamin is water soluble and cannot be stored in the body?

A)A
B)D
C)C
D)E
E)K

Question 49

Bile contains salts, pigments, lipids and ____.

A)enzymes
B)bicarbonate
C)cholesterol
D)lipase
E)hydrochloric acid

Question 50

The pancreas secretes enzymes that digest ____.

A)carbohydrates only
B)lipids only
C)protein only
D)carbohydrates and lipids only
E)carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

Question 51

Chyme is a mix of ____ and gastric fluid.

A)feces
B)bile
C)intestinal fluid
D)food
E)emulsifiers

Question 52

Movement of fatty acids and monoglycerides through the membranes of the small intestine occurs primarily by ____.

A)osmosis
B)bulk flow
C)active transport
D)diffusion
E)ion channels

Question 53

The chemical digestion of carbohydrate begins in the ____.

A)mouth
B)esophagus
C)stomach
D)small intestine
E)large intestine

Question 54

Your body can use ____ to make most of the fats it requires.

A)fats
B)proteins
C)carbohydrates
D)vitamins
E)minerals

Question 55

Proteins are chemically digested into ____, which are then actively transported through brush border cells into the interstitial fluid of villi.

A)polypeptides
B)small peptides
C)amino acids
D)proteases
E)monosaccharides

Question 56

​Digestive systems mechanically and chemically degrade food into small molecules that can be ____ into the internal environment.

A)​absorbed
B)​excreted
C)​denatured
D)​emulsified
E)​ingested

Question 57

Calcium and ____ are the body's most abundant minerals and are components of teeth and bones.

A)potassium
B)phosphorus
C)sulfur
D)sodium
E)chlorine