Deck 34: Immunity

Question 1

A person with which blood type can receive a transfusion from anyone else regardless of their blood type?

A)type A
B)type B
C)type O
D)type AB
E)type C

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Four of the five terms describe the adaptive immune response. Select the exception.

A)specific
B)self/nonself recognition
C)memory
D)immediate response
E)diversity

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What are the most abundant phagocytic cells in humans?

A)basophils
B)dendritic cells
C)eosinophils
D)lymphocytes
E)neutrophils

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which cells would be ignored in most instances by lymphocytes?

A)cells coated with complement proteins
B)cells with antigens on their surface
C)"self" cells with MHC markers
D)cells with both antigen and self-MHC markers
E)cells with damaged or mutant self-MHC markers

Question 5

Which immunoglobulin is able to pass the placenta to protect the fetus from pathogens?

A)IgG
B)IgA
C)IgD
D)IgM
E)IgE

Question 6

Which cells display digested viral cell fragments on their surface?

A)dendritic cells
B)helper T cells
C)cytotoxic T cells
D)memory T cells
E)B cells

Question 7

Blood typing is based on ____.

A)antibodies on red blood cells
B)antigens on red blood cells
C)hemoglobin on red blood cells
D)a protein in blood plasma
E)gene sequencing

Question 8

Four of the five answers listed below are events of the inflammatory response. Select the exception.

A)Capillary permeability increases.
B)Histamines are released.
C)Blood vessels dilate.
D)Temperature of the affected area drops.
E)Phagocytes migrate toward the affected area.

Question 9

Clones of B or T cells are ____.

A)being produced continually
B)interchangeable
C)produced only when their surface receptors recognize a specific antigen
D)involved in innate immunity
E)produced and mature in the bone marrow

Question 10

These antibodies stay attached to the B cell's plasma membrane and serve as receptors for binding with antigen and activating complement.

A)IgA only
B)IgG
C)IgM
D)IgE only
E)both IgE and IgA

Question 11

What enzyme protects the linings of internal tubes from bacteria?

A)lactic acid
B)complement
C)cytokine
D)mucus
E)lysozyme

Question 12

Active immunity is generated by ____.

A)avoiding the disease
B)receiving a vaccination against the disease
C)receiving antibodies by injection
D)receiving memory B cells from a donor
E)receiving a booster vaccination

Question 13

Four of the five problems listed below show too much immune response. Select the exception.

A)allergies
B)Graves' disease
C)multiple sclerosis
D)anaphylaxis
E)AIDS

Question 14

Measles has a _____ percent chance of infecting an unvaccinated person.

A)100
B)90
C)80
D)70
E)60

Question 15

What cell type engulfs pathogens and foreign particles and signals to the immune system to report the presence of a threat?

A)neutrophils
B)B cells
C)macrophages
D)mucus-producing cells
E)normal flora

Question 16

Graves' disease is caused by an autoimmune response that primarily affects the ____.

A)bone marrow
B)myelin sheath
C)thyroid
D)pancreas
E)joint collagen

Question 17

Where does a dendritic cell present antigen to naive T cells?

A)thymus
B)blood
C)bone marrow
D)lymph node or spleen
E)interstitial fluid

Question 18

Of the following, AIDS is most often transferred by ____.

A)casual contact
B)food
C)water
D)sexual intercourse
E)insect bites

Question 19

The infinite variety of antibodies that can be generated by B cells is due to ____.

A)the infinite variety of genes in these cells
B)the use of gene segments to produce an infinite variety of proteins
C)the recombination of genes due to crossing over
D)random mutations
E)modifying the protein after an antigen is detected

Question 20

In a cell-mediated immune response, how does a helper T cell activate cytotoxic T cells?

A)antibodies
B)cytokine signaling
C)receptor signaling
D)via cross-talk with macrophages
E)neural signaling

Question 21

Antigen binding sites on one antibody ____.

A)are the same as on all other antibodies
B)will bind to several different antigens
C)are unique and specific to one antigen
D)consist of light chain variable regions only
E)are the same as all membrane bound receptors

Question 22

Which event in inflammation aids in white blood cells migrating from the blood vessel to the site of injury?

A)Arterioles widen.
B)Blood flow produces heat in the area.
C)Capillary permeability is increased.
D)Complement is activated.
E)Phagocytes engulf complement coated bacteria.

Question 23

What part of the human body contains strong salts that can kill bacteria?

A)lungs
B)mouth
C)small intestine
D)stomach
E)large intestine

Question 24

Which cells produce antibodies?

A)helper T cells
B)dendritic cells
C)cytotoxic T cells
D)NK cells
E)B cells

Question 25

Which set of proteins is present in an inactive form in the blood but becomes activated via a cascade of events to play a role in immune responses?

A)complement
B)cytokine
C)interferon
D)lysozyme
E)prostaglandin

Question 26

Which cells are held in reserve to be used for a rapid response to subsequent intruders of the same type?

A)NK cells
B)helper T cells
C)cytotoxic T cells
D)memory cells
E)B cells

Question 27

During antigen processing in a phagocytic cell, where does the MHC molecule bind antigen?

A)lysosome
B)endoplasmic reticulum
C)Golgi bodies
D)cell membrane
E)nucleus

Question 28

Four of the five answers listed below are barriers to pathogen invasion. Select the exception.

A)intact skin
B)mucous membrane
C)gastric juices
D)blood plasma
E)lysozyme

Question 29

Four of the five answers listed below are targets of the immune system. Select the exception.

A)virus
B)normal cells
C)cancer cells
D)bacteria
E)debris and dead cells

Question 30

Which immune cells can kill cancerous cells that lack MHC markers?

A)effector B cells only
B)cytotoxic T cells only
C)natural killer cells only
D)cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells
E)cytotoxic T cells and effector B cells

Question 31

Which signaling molecules are used by cells of the immune system to communicate with each other?

A)complement
B)neurotransmitters
C)hormones
D)cytokines
E)PAMPs

Question 32

Community immunity is only effective if at least ____ percent of the population is vaccinated against a disease.

A)60
B)72
C)80
D)92
E)100

Question 33

What type of antibodies will a person with type A blood have?

A)anti-A only
B)anti-B only
C)anti-O only
D)anti-A and anti-B
E)The type will vary with each individual.

Question 34

The same bacteria that are associated with periodontitis are associated with ____.

A)atherosclerosis
B)the common cold
C)influenza
D)tuberculosis
E)stomach ulcers

Question 35

​T cell receptors can discriminate between ____ (self) and ____ (nonself).

A)​antigens; MHC markers
B)​MHC markers; antigens
C)​MHC markers; antibodies
D)​B cell receptors; T cell receptors
E)​IgM; IgD

Question 36

Most drugs used to treat AIDS are aimed at ____.

A)processes unique to retroviral replication
B)strengthening the immune response
C)helper T cell generation
D)destroying the viral infected cells
E)preventing secondary infections

Question 37

Which immunoglobulin is the most common in gland secretions?

A)IgG
B)IgA
C)IgD
D)IgM
E)IgE

Question 38

Self-recognition is based on T cell receptors recognizing ____.

A)MHC markers
B)perforins
C)complement
D)naive B cells
E)antibodies

Question 39

The purpose of a vaccine is to ____.

A)cure the disease
B)cause the onset of a fever
C)develop innate immunity
D)elicit an active immune response
E)kill any infected cells present in the body

Question 40

Low pH is an important deterrent to pathogens in the ____.

A)stomach only
B)mouth only
C)vagina only
D)stomach and mouth
E)stomach and vagina

Question 41

Match the descriptions with the mechanism of innate immunity.
a.complement
b.inflammation
c.fever
triggered by cytokine stimulation of hypothalamus

Question 42

Match the cell type to the correct description.
a.eosinophil
b.mast cell
c.neutrophil
d.basophil
e.dendritic cell
migrates into damaged or infected tissues, where it participates in inflammatory response by degranulating

Question 43

Match the descriptions with the mechanism of innate immunity.
a.complement
b.inflammation
c.fever
works hand in hand with adaptive immune responses

Question 44

Which cells attack parasites that are too big for phagocytosis?

A)basophils
B)dendritic cells
C)eosinophils
D)lymphocytes
E)Neutrophils

Question 45

Match the descriptions with the mechanism of innate immunity.
a.complement
b.inflammation
c.fever
fast, local response that jump-starts healing process

Question 46

Match the descriptions with the mechanism of innate immunity.
a.complement
b.inflammation
c.fever
main hallmark is increased blood flow

Question 47

How does inflammation begin?

A)Phagocytic white blood cells migrate to the site.
B)A fever starts.
C)Capillaries become leaky.
D)Arterioles dilate.
E)A white blood cell (e.g., mast cell) degranulates.

Question 48

Match the cell type to the correct description.
a.eosinophil
b.mast cell
c.neutrophil
d.basophil
e.dendritic cell
most abundant white blood cell

Question 49

Match the cell type to the correct description.
a.eosinophil
b.mast cell
c.neutrophil
d.basophil
e.dendritic cell
differentiates in damaged tissues; major antigen-presenting cell that is also phagocytic

Question 50

What best describes an inappropriate immune response to normal body tissues?

A)allergy
B)immunodeficiency
C)anaphylactic shock
D)autoimmune disease
E)septic shock

Question 51

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) primarily infects which cells?

A)red blood cells
B)mast cells and basophils
C)B cells and cytotoxic T cells
D)NK cells
E)macrophages, dendritic cells, and helper T cells

Question 52

Whenever the body is re-exposed to an allergen, the binding of IgE antibodies causes ____.

A)degranulation and inflammation
B)the release of antihistamines
C)the suppression of the inflammatory response
D)the production of clonal cells
E)fever

Question 53

Match the cell type to the correct description.
a.eosinophil
b.mast cell
c.neutrophil
d.basophil
e.dendritic cell
anchored in tissues; participates in inflammation and allergies

Question 54

Match the descriptions with the mechanism of innate immunity.
a.complement
b.inflammation
c.fever
generally does not require treatment in otherwise healthy adult

Question 55

Match the cell type to the correct description.
a.eosinophil
b.mast cell
c.neutrophil
d.basophil
e.dendritic cell
granules contain enzymes effective against multicellular parasites

Question 56

Match the descriptions with the mechanism of innate immunity.

-cascading reactions in positive feedback

A)complement
B)inflammation
C)fever

Question 57

A normally harmless substance that produces an immune response in some people is a(n) ____.

A)pathogen
B)cytokine
C)histamine
D)allergen
E)antibody