Deck 31: Endocrine Control

Question 1

If thyroid hormone levels are very high in the blood, what hormone level would be low in the blood?

A)parathyroid hormone (PTH)
B)calcitonin
C)thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D)inhibin
E)cortisol

Answer 1

C

Question 2

How are hormones that are made by cell bodies in the hypothalamus delivered to the posterior pituitary gland?

A)via exocrine ducts
B)by the systemic bloodstream
C)by capillaries that supply the anterior pituitary
D)by axons
E)by the lymphatic system

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The control over milk secretion, water balance, and labor in childbirth is mediated by the ____ gland.

A)pineal
B)anterior pituitary
C)posterior pituitary
D)parathyroid
E)thyroid

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which endocrine tissue/gland is located outside of the brain?

A)anterior pituitary
B)posterior pituitary
C)hypothalamus
D)adrenal
E)pineal

Question 5

What wide-acting pituitary hormone targets cells throughout the body?

A)adrenocorticotropic hormone
B)thyroid-stimulating hormone
C)gonadotropin
D)growth hormone
E)prolactin

Question 6

Acromegaly is the result of excessive secretion of ____ in adults.

A)melatonin
B)triiodothyronine
C)thyroxine
D)testosterone
E)growth hormone

Question 7

The anterior pituitary gland produces hormones that are released into the bloodstream when a signal arrives from the ____.

A)thalamus
B)anterior pituitary
C)posterior pituitary
D)hypothalamus
E)thyroid

Question 8

What serves as the positive stimulus in the control of thyroid hormone secretion?

A)increased metabolic rate
B)high thyroid hormone levels in blood
C)low thyroid hormone levels in blood
D)high thyroid releasing hormones in blood
E)action potential in neurosecretory cells

Question 9

Pituitary dwarfism may be caused by reduced production of ____.

A)melatonin
B)testosterone
C)calcitonin
D)growth hormone
E)parathyroid hormone

Question 10

In response to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), the anterior pituitary secretes ____.

A)estrogen or testosterone
B)sex stimulating hormone
C)progesterone and testosterone
D)luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
E)prolactin and oxytocin

Question 11

Which hormones are made in the ovaries?

A)estrogen and progesterone
B)follicle-stimulating hormone
C)oxytocin and estrogen
D)prolactin
E)luteinizing hormone and progesterone

Question 12

Exposure to ____ at night can cause insomnia by altering melatonin secretion patterns.

A)noise
B)bright light
C)physical movement
D)food
E)alcohol

Question 13

Specialized islet cells that secrete hormones are found scattered throughout the ____.

A)adrenal cortex
B)liver
C)thymus
D)adrenal medulla
E)pancreas

Question 14

The endocrine system is integrated with what other system to provide coordinated control of an organism?

A)circulatory
B)digestive
C)integumentary
D)nervous
E)urinary

Question 15

If you worked at a factory that required shift work at night and you slept during the day, which hormone's production would be altered?

A)thyroid hormone
B)melatonin
C)calcitonin
D)cortisol
E)insulin

Question 16

If you eliminated all sources of calcium (dairy products, some vegetables) from your diet, the level of which of the following would rise in an attempt to supply calcium stored in your body to the tissues that need it?

A)aldosterone
B)calcitonin
C)mineralocorticoids
D)parathyroid hormone
E)thyroid hormone

Question 17

A decrease in cortisol triggers secretion of CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) by the hypothalamus which then stimulates secretion of ____ by the anterior pituitary.

A)cortisol
B)adrenocorticotropic hormone
C)thyroid stimulating hormone
D)antidiuretic hormone
E)aldosterone

Question 18

Steroid hormones are synthesized from ____.

A)amino acids
B)peptides
C)proteins
D)cholesterol
E)fatty acids

Question 19

If blood calcium ion concentration declines, ____ is released.

A)thyroid hormone
B)insulin
C)glucagon
D)parathyroid hormone
E)calcitonin

Question 20

Which specialized type of neuron responds to an action potential by releasing a hormone into the blood?

A)hormonal neuron
B)anterior pituitary cell
C)posterior pituitary cell
D)neurosecretory cell
E)endoneuron

Question 21

Steroid hormones do not interact with plasma membrane receptors on target cells because they ____.

A)are small enough to pass directly through pores in the plasma membrane
B)are lipid soluble and pass through the lipid bilayer
C)pass through special channels in the plasma membrane
D)are water soluble
E)dissolve in the cholesterol of the plasma membranes

Question 22

Oxytocin affects the target cells in the ____.

A)thyroid gland
B)voluntary muscles throughout the body
C)cartilage
D)brain
E)reproductive tract

Question 23

The primary function of thyroid hormone is regulation of ____.

A)calcium levels
B)iron levels
C)metabolism and development
D)sexual reproduction
E)water reabsorption

Question 24

If you skip a meal, which condition is most likely to occur?

A)Insulin levels will rise only.
B)Glucagon levels will rise only.
C)Glycogen will be converted to glucose only.
D)Insulin levels will rise, and glycogen will be converted to glucose.
E)Glucagon levels will rise, and glycogen will be converted to glucose.

Question 25

A goiter is an abnormal enlarged form of which gland?

A)adrenal
B)pancreas
C)thyroid
D)parathyroid
E)thymus

Question 26

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland?

A)antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B)thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
C)follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
D)melatonin
E)adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 27

Because thyroid hormone increases the body's ____ rate, a deficiency typically causes fatigue, increased sensitivity to cold temperature, and weight gain.

A)calcium uptake
B)water reabsorption
C)metabolic
D)glucose storage
E)kidney filtration

Question 28

Changes in melatonin secretion pattern can trigger ____ in many animals.

A)seasonal adjustments in appearance
B)daily adjustments in appearance
C)hibernation
D)insomnia
E)larval molting

Question 29

The molting hormone of arthropods is ____.

A)corticotropin
B)MSH
C)oxytocin
D)ecdysone
E)adrenaline

Question 30

What is a characteristic of total androgen insensitivity syndrome?

A)No testosterone is produced.
B)Chemicals circulating in the blood deactivate testosterone.
C)The cellular receptor for testosterone in the target cells is defective.
D)Affected individuals are phenotypically male, but are sterile.
E)Testosterone is degraded quickly.

Question 31

If you were on a desert island with no fresh water to drink, the level of which of the following would rise in your bloodstream in an effort to conserve water?

A)erythropoietin
B)oxytocin
C)insulin
D)antidiuretic hormone
E)glucose

Question 32

Hyperthyroidism can cause ____.

A)weight gain
B)fatigue
C)osteoporosis
D)bulging eyes
E)sensitivity to cold

Question 33

Which hormone is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics?

A)melatonin
B)testosterone
C)progesterone
D)estrogen
E)thymosin

Question 34

Ongoing use of the drug cortisone may cause ____.

A)cortisol insensitivity
B)fatigue
C)Cushing's syndrome
D)Addison's disease
E)growth defects

Question 35

Target cells ____.

A)are found only in specific endocrine glands
B)respond to peptide, but not steroid, hormone signals
C)respond nonspecifically to many different hormone signals
D)have non-specific receptors and occur in only a few areas of the body
E)have specific receptor molecules and occur throughout the body

Question 36

Which commonly used group of chemicals suppresses testosterone secretion?

A)phthalates
B)chlorine bleaches
C)PCBs
D)food dyes
E)artificial flavors

Question 37

Excess glucose is converted into glycogen in the ____.

A)pancreas
B)liver
C)thymus
D)thyroid
E)small intestine

Question 38

The adrenal medulla produces ____.

A)aldosterone only
B)epinephrine
C)cortisol only
D)testosterone
E)both aldosterone and cortisol

Question 39

Four of the five answers listed below are produced by the same lobe of the pituitary gland. Select the exception.

A)antidiuretic hormone
B)prolactin
C)adrenocorticotropic hormone
D)growth hormone
E)luteinizing hormone

Question 40

Glucagon is produced by the ____.

A)adrenal cortex
B)adrenal medulla
C)pancreatic exocrine cells
D)kidneys
E)pancreatic islet cells

Question 41

Match each hormone to its correct description.
a.follicle-stimulating hormone
b.epinephrine
c.growth hormone
d.oxytocin
e.antidiuretic hormone
The gonads are the target for this hormone.

Question 42

Match each hormone to its correct description.
a.follicle-stimulating hormone
b.epinephrine
c.growth hormone
d.oxytocin
e.antidiuretic hormone
This hormone is released in the "fight or flight" response.

Question 43

Match each hormone to its correct description.
a.follicle-stimulating hormone
b.epinephrine
c.growth hormone
d.oxytocin
e.antidiuretic hormone
The kidneys are the target for this hormone.

Question 44

Hormones are distributed throughout the body by the ____.

A)exocrine system
B)lymphatic system
C)nervous system
D)blood
E)glands

Question 45

The adrenal glands are positioned closest to what organ(s)?

A)brain
B)pancreas
C)testes/ovaries
D)thymus
E)kidneys

Question 46

Low blood levels of thyroid hormone trigger a cascade of signals that moves in what order?

A)hypothalamus to anterior pituitary to thyroid gland
B)hypothalamus to posterior pituitary to thyroid gland
C)hypothalamus to parathyroid to thyroid gland
D)anterior pituitary to parathyroid to thyroid gland
E)hypothalamus to anterior pituitary to parathyroid gland

Question 47

Match each hormone to its correct description.
a.follicle-stimulating hormone
b.epinephrine
c.growth hormone
d.oxytocin
e.antidiuretic hormone
Uterine contractions are induced by this hormone.

Question 48

Which hormone is made by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus?

A)antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B)thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C)follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D)melatonin
E)adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 49

The hypothalamus has a direct nervous system connection to the ____.

A)anterior pituitary
B)posterior pituitary
C)pancreas
D)adrenal cortex
E)thyroid

Question 50

Four of the five answers listed below are related by a common source. Select the exception.

A)calcitonin
B)norepinephrine
C)cortisol
D)epinephrine
E)aldosterone

Question 51

A friend tells you that her husband has been feeling anxious and stressed for the past month. During this same time interval, he has had several infections, bouts of forgetfulness, and erectile dysfunction. Doctors have already checked for ulcers, cancer, blood pressure changes, and other blood irregularities, but these apparently are normal. You are an endocrinologist, so you suggest that he be tested for the most likely endocrine malfunction, which would be altered ____ levels in the blood.

A)estrogen
B)cortisol
C)calcitonin
D)melatonin
E)testosterone

Question 52

Which adrenal gland hormone plays a role in urine concentration in the kidneys?

A)cortisol
B)antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C)aldosterone
D)sex hormone
E)epinephrine

Question 53

How are pituitary gland hormones distributed to organs throughout the body?

A)via axons
B)via the hypothalamus
C)through the bloodstream
D)through lymphatic vessels
E)via duct systems

Question 54

What type of invertebrate hormone is ecdysone?

A)amino acid
B)peptide
C)protein
D)steroid
E)Its structure is unknown.

Question 55

Which gland is both an exocrine and endocrine gland?

A)pancreas
B)adrenal
C)ovary
D)thyroid
E)pituitary

Question 56

The secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary requires ____.

A)stimulation from the posterior pituitary
B)that they first be made in the neurons of the hypothalamus
C)neural stimulation from the hypothalamus
D)releasing hormones delivered from the hypothalamus via a capillary bed
E)changing levels of their hormones in the blood

Question 57

Four of the five answers listed below are endocrine glands. Select the exception.

A)thymus gland
B)sweat gland
C)parathyroid gland
D)thyroid gland
E)pituitary gland

Question 58

The pituitary hormone ____ triggers production of milk, while ____ triggers movement of milk into the milk ducts.

A)lactose; stimulating hormone
B)growth hormone; duct-stimulating hormone
C)oxytocin; prolactin
D)stimulating hormone; lactose
E)prolactin; oxytocin

Question 59

Four of the five answers listed below are true of hyperthyroidism. Select the exception.

A)anxiety
B)excessive water loss through urination
C)irritability
D)chronic fever
E)protruding eyes

Question 60

Match each hormone to its correct description.
a.follicle-stimulating hormone
b.epinephrine
c.growth hormone
d.oxytocin
e.antidiuretic hormone
This hormone induces protein synthesis and cell division in young animals.

Question 61

Match each endocrine gland to its correct description.
a.adrenal cortex
b.hypothalamus
c.thyroid
d.parathyroid
e.posterior pituitary gland
This gland does not produce its own hormones.

Question 62

Match each endocrine gland to its correct description.
a.adrenal cortex
b.hypothalamus
c.thyroid
d.parathyroid
e.posterior pituitary gland
This gland controls release of other hormones.

Question 63

Match each endocrine gland to its correct description.

-This gland elevates calcium levels in blood.

A)adrenal cortex
B)hypothalamus
C)thyroid
D)parathyroid
E)posterior pituitary gland

Question 64

Match each endocrine gland to its correct description.
a.adrenal cortex
b.hypothalamus
c.thyroid
d.parathyroid
e.posterior pituitary gland
This gland lowers calcium levels in blood.

Question 65

Match each endocrine gland to its correct description.
a.adrenal cortex
b.hypothalamus
c.thyroid
d.parathyroid
e.posterior pituitary gland
This gland helps regulate the salt-water balance in the body.