Deck 3: Molecules of Life

Question 1

Monosaccharides have a carbon-to-hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio of ____.

A)1:1:1
B)1:1:2
C)2:1:1
D)1:2:1
E)1:2:2

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The breakdown of large molecules by the enzymatic addition of water occurs during a(n) ____ reaction.

A)oxidation
B)reduction
C)condensation
D)hydrolysis
E)decarboxylation

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Animals store energy as which type of carbohydrate?

A)cellulose
B)glycogen
C)starch
D)chitin
E)sucrose

Answer 3

B

Question 4

​Which molecule(s), derived from cholesterol, plays an important role in the digestion of fats?

A)​steroid hormones
B)​estradiol
C)​testosterone
D)​bile
E)​vitamin D

Question 5

Organic molecules that increase the rate of chemical reactions, such as condensation and hydrolysis, without being changed in the process are known as ____.

A)enzymes
B)metabolites
C)denaturating agents
D)hydrocarbons
E)prions

Question 6

A −COOH group is characteristic of ____ and functions to ____.

A)amino acids and fatty acids; make the molecule acidic
B)proteins and coenzymes; increase the rigidity of the molecule
C)proteins and nucleotide bases; make the molecule more basic
D)monosaccharides; increase solubility in water
E)DNA; turn genes "off"

Question 7

Which type of bond links two amino acids in a protein?

A)peptide
B)ionic
C)hydrogen
D)amino
E)sulfhydryl

Question 8

Amino acids are the building blocks for ____.

A)proteins
B)steroids
C)lipids
D)nucleic acids
E)carbohydrates

Question 9

The nucleotide that serves as an energy carrier in cells is ____.

A)glycogen
B)trans fat
C)RNA
D)ATP
E)DNA

Question 10

The combination of glucose and galactose forms ____, the principle sugar found in milk.

A)fructose
B)ribose
C)lactose
D)sucrose
E)deoxyribose

Question 11

Nucleotides contain ____ sugars.

A)three−carbon
B)four−carbon
C)five−carbon
D)six−carbon
E)seven−carbon

Question 12

Cell membranes contain transmembrane proteins, which span the lipid bilayer with portions of the protein protruding into the aqueous external and internal cellular environments. The protein regions that span the membrane are ____, while the regions that extend from the membrane are ____.

A)acidic; basic
B)fatty acids; phosphate groups
C)hydrophobic; hydrophilic
D)hydrophilic; hydrophobic
E)polar; nonpolar

Question 13

Which food item is an example of a saturated fat?

A)olive oil
B)corn oil
C)butter
D)canola oil
E)soybean oil

Question 14

In humans, liver and muscle cells require a lot of energy; therefore, these cells contain an abundance of ____.

A)glycogen
B)chitin
C)starch
D)sucrose
E)fructose

Question 15

What is the main structural component of plants?

A)glucose
B)glycogen
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)starch

Question 16

Humans are unable to digest ____.

A)glucose
B)glycogen
C)starch
D)cellulose
E)fructose

Question 17

Abnormally folded proteins that cause normal proteins to midfold are called ____.

A)prions
B)nucleotides
C)peptides
D)polymers
E)triglycerides

Question 18

An organic molecule is primarily composed of ____.

A)water
B)oxygen
C)hydrogen only
D)carbon only
E)hydrogen and carbon

Question 19

A polypeptide chain is composed of ____.

A)amino acids
B)proteins
C)nucleic acids
D)fatty acids
E)monosaccharides

Question 20

Sucrose is composed of ____.

A)two molecules of fructose
B)two molecules of glucose
C)a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose
D)a molecule of fructose and a molecule of galactose
E)a molecule of glucose and a molecule of galactose

Question 21

​What is the most abundant and richest source of energy in vertebrate bodies?

A)​starch
B)​steroids
C)triglycerides​
D)waxes​
E)phospholipids​

Question 22

Which molecule is a polysaccharide?

A)glucose
B)fructose
C)cellulose
D)ribose
E)galactose

Question 23

Plant cuticles, which reduce water loss, are primarily made of ____.

A)steroids
B)triglycerides
C)oils
D)waxes
E)fats

Question 24

Plants store excess carbohydrates in the form of ____.

A)starch
B)glycogen
C)glucose
D)cellulose
E)triglycerides

Question 25

Which part of a fatty acid is hydrophilic?

A)carboxyl group head
B)hydrocarbon tail
C)glycerol head
D)saturated tail
E)unsaturated tail

Question 26

​What is the role of DNA?

A)​fatty acid hydrogenator
B)​facilitator of biochemical reactions
C)​energy carrier
D)​carrier of biological information
E)​protein synthesizer

Question 27

To prepare a gelatin dessert, heat is used to disrupt hydrogen bonds holding the proteins together, thereby affecting their water solubility and causing them to interact with other proteins to form large, lattice-work structures. This is an example of ____, which is a(n) ____ process.

A)misfolding; reversible
B)metabolism; enzymatic
C)protein denaturation; irreversible
D)condensation; reversible
E)metabolism; irreversible

Question 28

Chitin strengthens the structure of some ____.

A)animals only
B)plants only
C)fungi only
D)animals and fungi
E)plants and fungi

Question 29

Organic molecules ____.

A)are held together primarily by hydrogen bonds
B)are found only in nonliving organisms
C)were present on Earth before the appearance of cells
D)contain only carbon and hydrogen
E)are found only in living organisms

Question 30

Which type of bond contributes to a protein's secondary structure?

A)peptide
B)covalent
C)ionic
D)hydrogen
E)amine

Question 31

A carbon atom has how many electron vacancies?

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five
E)six

Question 32

The hemoglobin protein, responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells, is composed of four polypeptide chains: two alpha-globin and two beta-globin. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by a mutation that causes a change in one amino acid in the beta-chain. This change substitutes a hydrophobic amino acid side chain for the normal polar side chain; therefore, these mutant chains stick to other hemoglobin molecules instead of being attracted to water molecules in the cellular environment. As a result, many hemoglobin molecules clump together, forming large fibers and sickle-shaped red blood cells that are unable to deliver needed oxygen to the body's tissues. The sickle cell mutation affects which level(s) of hemoglobin structure?

A)tertiary and quaternary only
B)primary and secondary only
C)primary plus abnormal protein aggregation
D)secondary plus abnormal protein aggregation
E)tertiary only

Question 33

The association of four subunit peptides in a fully functional molecule of hemoglobin is an example of ____ protein structure.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
E)aggregate

Question 34

The activities by which cells acquire and process energy are collectively called ____.

A)electrolysis
B)transmutation
C)condensation
D)hydrolysis
E)metabolism

Question 35

Triglycerides contain ____.

A)fatty acids only
B)phosphate groups only
C)glycerol only
D)fatty acids and phosphate groups
E)glycerol and fatty acids

Question 36

The sequence of amino acids represents the ____ structure of proteins.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
E)aggregate

Question 37

An −OH group is characteristic of ____ and functions to ____.

A)amino acids; facilitate peptide bond formation
B)alcohols and sugars; increase solubility in water
C)ribose and deoxyribose; increase rigidity of the molecule
D)proteins; facilitate formation of secondary structures
E)sterols and phospholipids; increase the hydrophobic nature of the molecule

Question 38

Which lipids make up most of the cell membrane?

A)unsaturated fats
B)steroids
C)waxes
D)phospholipids
E)saturated fats

Question 39

Cholesterol is a(n) ____.

A)unsaturated fat
B)saturated fat
C)phospholipid
D)wax
E)steroid

Question 40

Biological molecules are composed of building blocks that are linked together to form ____.

A)functional groups
B)ball-and-stick models
C)space-filling models
D)monomers
E)polymers

Question 41

Match each biological molecule with the correct description. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.carbohydrates
b.proteins
c.lipids
d.​nucleic acids
energy source for plants and animals

Question 42

Match the chemical reaction with the correct description. Choices may be used more than once.
a.hydrolysis
b.condensation
chemical reaction builds polymers from monomers

Question 43

Most vegetable oils are ____.

A)liquid at room temperature and saturated
B)unsaturated and solid at room temperature
C)found only in animals
D)complex carbohydrates
E)liquid at room temperature and unsaturated

Question 44

Match the chemical reaction with the correct description. Choices may be used more than once.
a.hydrolysis
b.condensation
​requires water

Question 45

Match the chemical reaction with the correct description. Choices may be used more than once.
a.hydrolysis
b.condensation
chemical reaction produces monomers from polymers

Question 46

Match each item with the correct statement.
a.disaccharide
b.oligosaccharide
c.polysaccharide
d.glucose
complex carbohydrates

Question 47

Match each item with the correct statement.
a.disaccharide
b.oligosaccharide
c.polysaccharide
d.glucose
two bonded monosaccharides

Question 48

Match each biological molecule with the correct description. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.carbohydrates
b.proteins
c.lipids
d.​nucleic acids
DNA and RNA

Question 49

Match the chemical reaction with the correct description. Choices may be used more than once.
a.hydrolysis
b.condensation
water is produced

Question 50

Match each biological molecule with the correct description. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.carbohydrates
b.proteins
c.lipids
d.​nucleic acids
structural material for plant and fungi cell walls

Question 51

Match each biological molecule with the correct description. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.carbohydrates
b.proteins
c.lipids
d.​nucleic acids
enzymes

Question 52

Match each item with the correct statement.
a.disaccharide
b.oligosaccharide
c.polysaccharide
d.glucose
monomer of cellulose, starch, and glycogen

Question 53

Match the chemical reaction with the correct description. Choices may be used more than once.
a.hydrolysis
b.condensation
an enzyme covalently joins two molecules together

Question 54

Match each item with the correct statement.
a.disaccharide
b.oligosaccharide
c.polysaccharide
d.glucose
short chain of three or more bonded monosaccharides

Question 55

Match each biological molecule with the correct description. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.carbohydrates
b.proteins
c.lipids
d.​nucleic acids
waxes and steroids

Question 56

Match each biological molecule with the correct description. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.carbohydrates
b.proteins
c.lipids
d.​nucleic acids
hydrophobic