Deck 21: Plant Evolution

Question 1

Which plants do not have lignin-reinforced vascular tissues?

A)angiosperms
B)conifers
C)ferns
D)lycophytes
E)bryophytes

Answer 1

E

Question 2

True wood is produced only by ____.

A)giant horsetails
B)conifers
C)accumulated sediments that have compacted over geologic time
D)seed plants
E)seedless vascular plants

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The primary function of the cuticle of a plant is to ____.

A)retention of water
B)conduction of fluids
C)absorption of carbon dioxide
D)protection from strong sunlight
E)physical structure

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Like bryophytes, ferns have ____.

A)spores
B)cuticle
C)xylem
D)sporophytes
E)flagellated sperm

Question 5

In angiosperms, after fertilization, the triploid cell gives rise to ____.

A)a fertilized ovule
B)a seed
C)an embryo sporophyte
D)endosperm
E)a pollen grain

Question 6

Four of the five answers below possess vascular tissue. Select the exception.

A)whisk ferns
B)mosses
C)pine trees
D)flowering plants
E)horsetails

Question 7

Four of the five answers listed below are related by the number of chromosome sets present. Select the exception.

A)spores
B)sporophyte
C)egg
D)sperm
E)gametophyte

Question 8

The function of xylem is to ____.

A)conduct water downward in the plant
B)transport food upward in the plant
C)transport water and minerals
D)transfer materials from leaf to stem
E)contain sieve tubes

Question 9

Which algae are the most probable ancestors of land plants?

A)charophytes
B)chlorophytes
C)chrysophytes
D)gametophytes
E)embryophytes

Question 10

You are working as a botanist in a tropical forest and have located a small plant that has never before been seen or classified. You learn from your dissection of this plant that it has vascular tissue. Yet, over the lifespan of the plant as it grows and matures in your greenhouse, you observe that it never produces seeds. It does produce small cluster of spore-forming capsules on the underside of structures that resemble leaves. You classify the plant as a ____.

A)liverwort
B)fern
C)horsetail
D)bryophyte
E)club moss

Question 11

A pine tree is a(n) ____, and a pine cone is a ____.

A)angiosperm; seed
B)haploid plant body; diploid plant body
C)sporophyte; gametophyte
D)gametophyte; sporophyte
E)egg; pollen grain

Question 12

Which plants have no vascular tissue?

A)angiosperms
B)hornworts
C)conifers
D)ferns
E)ginkgos

Question 13

The most important reason to store seeds in seed vaults is to ____.

A)maintain flower cultivars
B)honor local traditions
C)maintain a cheap seed source
D)maintain genetic diversity
E)circumvent trade monopolies

Question 14

Gametophytes of ____ plants form protected inside reproductive parts on a sporophyte body.

A)nonvascular seed
B)nonvascular seedless
C)vascular seed
D)vascular seedless
E)all of the above

Question 15

The group of plants that has the most species is the ____.

A)mosses
B)ferns
C)gymnosperms
D)dicots
E)monocots

Question 16

Strobili are ____.

A)flowers
B)spore-forming, cone-shaped structures with modified leaves
C)clusters of spore-producing capsules
D)accessory leaf-like structures
E)stems that grow horizontally underground

Question 17

Gymnosperms lack which structure found in angiosperms?

A)independent gametophytes
B)pollen grains
C)fruits
D)roots
E)leaves

Question 18

Four of the five answers correctly describe trends in plant evolution. Select the exception.

A)nonvascular to vascular
B)sporophyte dominant to gametophyte dominant
C)released spores to specialized gametes
D)seedless to seeds
E)haploid to diploid dominance

Question 19

The first haploid cell in the life cycle of a plant is the ____.

A)zygote
B)gamete
C)gametophyte plant
D)spore
E)spore mother cell

Question 20

In complex land plants, the diploid stage is resistant to adverse environmental conditions, such as dwindling water supplies and cold weather. The diploid stage progresses through which sequence?

A)gametophyte → male and female gametes
B)spores → sporophyte
C)zygote → sporophyte
D)zygote → gametophyte
E)spores → gametophyte

Question 21

In angiosperms, the ovule develops into the ____ after fertilization.

A)gametophyte
B)spore
C)seed
D)endosperm
E)flower

Question 22

What acidic, absorbent bryophyte is used as an additive to planting mixes to help soil retain moisture?

A)peat moss
B)liverwort
C)hornwort
D)club moss
E)cap moss

Question 23

Four of the five answers below are correct statements about gymnosperm reproduction. Select the exception.

A)Pollen grains mature into mature male gametophytes.
B)Sperm in gymnosperms are not flagellated.
C)Sperm reach egg cells through a pollen tube.
D)The zygote develops into a mature seed.
E)Seed cones and pollen cones always develop on separate trees.

Question 24

The ____ reproduce asexually using gemmae.

A)peat mosses
B)hornworts
C)bryophytes
D)liverworts
E)spike mosses

Question 25

Which plants resemble palm trees (but are not close relatives) and include the "sago palms" common in landscaping?

A)tree ferns
B)conifers
C)gnetophytes
D)ginkos
E)cycads

Question 26

Four of the five answers below are correct statements about seedless vascular plants. Select the exception.

A)Sporophytes are independent of gametophytes.
B)Water is not needed for gamete transport.
C)Sporophytes have vascular tissue.
D)Seeds are not produced.
E)Living members still exist.

Question 27

In angiosperms, meiosis of cells in the ovule gives rise to haploid megaspores. What happens next?

A)Mitosis gives rise to a seed.
B)Mitosis gives rise to a haploid egg and a cell with two nuclei.
C)Mitosis gives rise to a sporophyte.
D)Meiosis gives rise to a diploid egg and a cell with two nuclei.
E)Meiosis gives rise to a more megaspores.

Question 28

The first organisms that did not require water for reproduction were the ____.

A)ferns
B)lycophytes
C)mosses
D)flowering plants
E)gymnosperms

Question 29

What role do rhizoids perform in mosses?

A)They structurally support the sporophyte stalk.
B)They anchor the gametophyte.
C)They take up water.
D)They absorb nutrients.
E)They act as a root underground.

Question 30

The moss sporophyte is not ____, so it depends on the gametophyte for nourishment even when mature.

A)photosynthetic
B)vascular
C)rooted
D)leafy
E)biologically active

Question 31

A sorus is____.

A)a collection of rust-colored disease spots on a fern
B)the fern gametophyte
C)an egg-producing structure
D)a spore-forming cone shaped structure with modified leaves
E)a collection of spore-producing structures

Question 32

The reinforcing substance called lignin provides support to a variety of plant structures, but is located primarily in plant ____.

A)roots
B)stems
C)leaves
D)vascular tissue
E)seeds

Question 33

Ephedra, evergreen desert shrubs, are classified in which plant group?

A)cycads
B)gnetophytes
C)conifers
D)ginkgos
E)angiosperms

Question 34

Which plant's seeds are "naked" (not within a fruit)?

A)angiosperms
B)gymnosperms
C)bryophytes
D)endosperms
E)lycophytes

Question 35

The conifers, such as pines and junipers, are examples of ____.

A)gymnosperms
B)angiosperms
C)bryophytes
D)lycophytes
E)seedless vascular plants

Question 36

Which feature is least likely to be found in an animal-pollinated plant?

A)scent
B)nectar
C)bright colors
D)inconspicuous flowers
E)nutritious pollen

Question 37

What is the underground stem of ferns and club mosses?

A)rhizome
B)rhizoid
C)frond
D)sorus
E)bronchus

Question 38

What is the feature of horsetails that was useful before the existence of scouring pads?

A)rhizomes
B)silica in the stems
C)photosynthetic cells
D)cones at the tips
E)scale-like leaves

Question 39

What is the most appropriate term for a mature pollen grain?

A)megaspore
B)microspore
C)male gametophyte
D)female gametophyte
E)immature sporophyte

Question 40

The dominant part of the angiosperm life cycle is the ____.

A)diploid gametophyte
B)diploid sporophyte
C)haploid gametophyte
D)haploid sporophyte
E)fertilization step

Question 41

Match the term to the correct statement.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte; no xylem
b.produce fruit
c.nonseed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.gymnosperm; only one species left
f.pine and redwood; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.flowering plant with two seed leaves
i.flowering plant with only one seed leaf
club mosses

Question 42

Match the term to the correct statement.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte; no xylem
b.produce fruit
c.nonseed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.gymnosperm; only one species left
f.pine and redwood; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.flowering plant with two seed leaves
i.flowering plant with only one seed leaf
mosses, liverworts

Question 43

The flowering plants and gymnosperms differ from other plants by ____.

A)possession of vascular tissue
B)presence of nonmotile gametes
C)presence of two types of spores
D)dominance by the diploid generation
E)production of seeds

Question 44

Match the term to the correct statement.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte; no xylem
b.produce fruit
c.nonseed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.gymnosperm; only one species left
f.pine and redwood; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.flowering plant with two seed leaves
i.flowering plant with only one seed leaf
conifers

Question 45

Dependence on animals for fertilization and dispersal is characteristic of many species of ____.

A)ferns
B)angiosperms
C)mosses
D)conifers
E)cycads

Question 46

Match the term to the correct statement.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte; no xylem
b.produce fruit
c.nonseed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.gymnosperm; only one species left
f.pine and redwood; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.flowering plant with two seed leaves
i.flowering plant with only one seed leaf
monocot

Question 47

Megaspores develop in the ____.

A)gametophyte
B)ovary
C)ovule
D)pollen grain
E)zygote

Question 48

Match the term to the correct statement.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte; no xylem
b.produce fruit
c.nonseed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.gymnosperm; only one species left
f.pine and redwood; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.flowering plant with two seed leaves
i.flowering plant with only one seed leaf
cycads

Question 49

Match the term to the correct statement.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte; no xylem
b.produce fruit
c.nonseed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.gymnosperm; only one species left
f.pine and redwood; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.flowering plant with two seed leaves
i.flowering plant with only one seed leaf
flowering plants

Question 50

Bryophytes differ from all other land plants in that they ____.

A)possess swimming sperm
B)have dominant gametophytes
C)produce spores
D)exhibit alternation of generations
E)produce lignin

Question 51

Match the term to the correct statement.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte; no xylem
b.produce fruit
c.nonseed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.gymnosperm; only one species left
f.pine and redwood; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.flowering plant with two seed leaves
i.flowering plant with only one seed leaf
eudicots

Question 52

What is a key adaptation that enables plants to survive on land?

A)lignin that stiffens cell walls
B)cellulose that strengthens cell walls
C)xylem that distributes sugar
D)alternation of generations
E)the use of water during fertilization

Question 53

Four of the five answers listed below exhibit a dominant sporophyte stage. Select the exception.

A)liverworts
B)monocots
C)eudicots
D)gnetophytes
E)cycads

Question 54

Match the term to the correct statement.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte; no xylem
b.produce fruit
c.nonseed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.gymnosperm; only one species left
f.pine and redwood; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.flowering plant with two seed leaves
i.flowering plant with only one seed leaf
ginkgos

Question 55

Match the term to the correct statement.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte; no xylem
b.produce fruit
c.nonseed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.gymnosperm; only one species left
f.pine and redwood; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.flowering plant with two seed leaves
i.flowering plant with only one seed leaf
ferns