Deck 14: Human Inheritance

Question 1

​Preimplantation diagnosis is a means of screening for genetic abnormalities in embryos ____.

A)created by in vitro fertilization​
B)conceived through sexual intercourse​
C)created through cloning techniques​
D)in the second trimester​
E)in the third trimester​

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Males who tend to be taller than average and show mild mental retardation may have ____ syndrome.

A)triple X
B)XYY
C)Turner
D)Down
E)XY

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which genetic disorder or abnormality is most likely to be more common in males than females?

A)Tay-Sachs disease
B)albinism
C)Huntington's disease
D)hemophilia
E)Achondroplasia

Answer 3

D

Question 4

If both parents are heterozygous for Huntington's disease, what is the likelihood that their offspring will have Huntington's disease?

A)100%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%
E)0%

Question 5

Mutations associated with albinism affect proteins involved in ____ synthesis

A)tyrosine
B)melanin
C)phenylalanine
D)lamin A
E)lysozyme

Question 6

Which membrane forms the placenta and can yield cells for early prenatal diagnosis?

A)villus
B)amniotic fluid
C)allantois
D)chorion
E)yolk sac

Question 7

Red-green colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. A colorblind woman and a man with normal vision have a son. What is the probability that the son is color blind?

A)100%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%
E)0%

Question 8

Fusion of a normal gamete (n) with a gamete missing a chromosome (n − 1) gives rise to a zygote with a condition called ____.

A)​trisomy
B)​monosomy
C)​polyploidy
D)​monoploidy
E)​translocation

Question 9

The human X and Y chromosomes ____.

A)developed from two homologous chromosomes that diverged during evolution​
B)both contain the SRY gene​
C)are the same size​
D)are homologous along their entire lengths​
E)cross over mostly in their shared middle regions​

Question 10

Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually arises from ____ in the ____ chromosome.

A)inversions; X​
B)inversions; Y​
C)deletions; X​
D)deletions; Y​
E)duplications; X​

Question 11

When studying a single-gene inherited disorder such as Huntington's disease, researchers may construct a chart called a ____ to look for family connections.

A)pedigree
B)family history
C)family tree
D)linkage map
E)trisomy

Question 12

A chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before modification and ABCDCDEFG afterward is an example of a(n) ____.

A)inversion
B)deletion
C)duplication
D)translocation
E)crossing over

Question 13

The condition that occurs when an organism has a full set of chromosomes (2n) plus an additional chromosome is known as ____.

A)monosomy
B)trisomy
C)polyploidy
D)haploidy
E)diploidy

Question 14

A chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before damage and ABCGFED after is an example of a(n) ____.

A)inversion
B)deletion
C)duplication
D)translocation
E)crossing over

Question 15

A human X-linked recessive gene may be ____.

A)found on the Y chromosome
B)passed to daughters from their fathers
C)passed to sons from their fathers
D)expressed more commonly among females
E)passed to daughters and sons from their fathers

Question 16

A man is heterozygous for the allele causing Huntington's disease. His wife does not have Huntington's disease, but her father did. What is the chance that their offspring will have the disease?

A)0%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%
E)100%

Question 17

In a pedigree chart, a male showing the specific trait being studied is indicated by a ____.

A)darkened square
B)clear square
C)darkened diamond
D)clear triangle
E)darkened circle

Question 18

The sex chromosome composition of a person with Klinefelter syndrome is ____.

A)XXX
B)XO
C)XXY
D)XYY
E)XY

Question 19

Suppose one parent has the disorder achondroplasia and is homozygous for the trait, and the other parent does not have this condition. What are the chances of their offspring having achondroplasia?

A)100%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%
E)0%

Question 20

Symptoms of phenylketonuria (PKU) may be minimized or suppressed by a diet low in ____.

A)serine
B)glycine
C)phenylalanine
D)proline
E)glutamic acid

Question 21

Which disorder displays an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance?

A)Huntington's disease
B)phenylketonuria
C)color blindness
D)hemophilia
E)albinism

Question 22

About 70% of flowering plant species are ____.​

A)​trisomic
B)​aneuploid
C)diploid​
D)monoploid​
E)polyploid​

Question 23

Which traits appear in every generation of a family and occur with equal frequency in both sexes?

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive
E)Y-linked dominant

Question 24

In humans, skin cell organelles called ____ produce pigment.

A)vesicles
B)melanosomes
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)Golgi bodies
E)lysosomes

Question 25

A man and woman undergo genetic testing before conceiving a child. They discover that only the male is a carrier for Tay-Sachs disease. What are the chances that their offspring will be a carrier for Tay-Sachs disease as well?

A)100%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%
E)0%

Question 26

Any child of two carriers for an autosomal recessive trait has a _____% chance of inheriting this trait.

A)0
B)25
C)50
D)75
E)100

Question 27

Sometimes homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, resulting in one daughter cell with an extra chromosome and one daughter cell missing a chromosome. This failure of chromosome separation is called ____.

A)nondisjunction
B)nonseparation
C)disjunction
D)homologue attachment
E)meiosis I failure

Question 28

Individuals with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome ____.

A)3
B)5
C)15
D)19
E)21

Question 29

A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows: Species X is alanine, glycine, glycine, threonine, alanine.
Species Y is alanine, glycine, threonine, alanine.
Species Z is alanine, valine, glycine, threonine, alanine.
The difference in the amino acid sequence of species Y is most likely due to a(n) ____.​

A)​inversion
B)​deletion
C)​gene duplication
D)​translocation
E)​addition

Question 30

A chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before damage and ABCFG after is an example of a(n) ____.

A)inversion
B)deletion
C)duplication
D)translocation
E)crossing over

Question 31

A man and woman undergo genetic testing before conceiving a child. They discover that they are both carriers for Tay-Sachs disease. What are the chances that their offspring will be a carrier for Tay-Sachs disease as well?

A)100%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%
E)0%

Question 32

Most translocations are reciprocal, meaning that two ____ exchange broken parts.

A)organisms​
B)sister chromatids​
C)alleles​
D)nonhomologous chromosomes​
E)homologous chromosomes​

Question 33

Alleles associated with Tay-Sachs disease have mutations that cause a(n) ____.

A)altered form of lamin
B)alteration of a protein needed for brain cell development
C)form of dwarfism
D)absence of pigmentation
E)malfunction of a lysosomal enzyme

Question 34

​Before the X and Y chromosomes evolved, sex was determined by ____.

A)temperature​
B)chromosome number​
C)the age of the parents​
D)pH​
E)the age of the father only​

Question 35

The inheritance of a certain allele of a gene that leads to medical problems indicates a genetic ____.

A)malfunction
B)version
C)abnormality
D)sickness
E)disorder

Question 36

Which X-linked recessive trait affects an individual's blood clotting ability?

A)red-green colorblindness
B)hemophilia A
C)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
D)X-linked anhidrotic dysplasia
E)androgen insensitivity syndrome

Question 37

Amniocentesis is a ____.

A)surgical means of repairing deformities
B)form of chemotherapy that modifies or inhibits gene expression or the function of gene products
C)prenatal diagnostic method used to detect chromosomal abnormalities in embryos
D)form of gene replacement therapy
E)pre-conception test

Question 38

When a baby is born with six fingers, the doctor may explain to the parents that this trait is a genetic ____, or a rare version of a trait.

A)disorder
B)mutation
C)abnormality
D)disease
E)event

Question 39

If a daughter has an X-linked recessive disorder, such as color blindness, she inherited the trait from ____.

A)her mother
B)her father
C)both parents
D)neither parent
E)her grandmother

Question 40

Which DNA segments can spontaneously move to another chromosome region?

A)exons
B)transposable elements
C)operons
D)mobile genes
E)transfer segments

Question 41

Amniocentesis involves sampling ____.

A)the fetus directly
B)the fetal cells floating in the amniotic fluid
C)sperm
D)blood cells
E)placental cells