Deck 11: How Cells Reproduce

Question 1

​A senescent cell is metabolically active but cannot divide because it has sustained some type of damage.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

​Mitosis is an example of ____ reproduction.

A)​sexual
B)​asexual
C)​partner
D)​cytoplasmic
E)​mutational

Answer 2

B

Question 3

​Mitosis includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

​All cells in the human body have functioning telomerase enzymes.

Question 5

Transcription and DNA replication occur while a cell is in interphase.​

Question 6

In animal cells, the cytoplasm divides by formation of a ____, while in plant cells, cytoplasmic division occurs by formation of a ____.

A)cell plate; contractile ring
B)contractile ring; cell plate
C)cleavage furrow; contractile ring
D)contractile ring; cleavage furrow
E)cell plate; cleavage furrow

Question 7

Cytokinesis occurs after telophase in the eukaryotic cell cycle.​

Question 8

​All neoplasms are cancerous.

Question 9

-?The cell in the accompanying figure is in ____.

A)?early prophase
B)?prophase
C)?telophase
D)?anaphase
E)?metaphase

Question 10

​Cancer cells characteristically express high levels of telomerase.

Question 11

Telomeres ____.

A)keep track of the number of cell divisions that a cell undergoes
B)provide extra nucleotides when needed during replication
C)are needed for histone and DNA arrangement
D)provide a site of attachment for spindles in cell division
E)provide a buffer against the loss of coding DNA

Question 12

During the G2 phase of the cell cycle, most of the cell's activity is directed toward ____.

A)DNA replication
B)membrane synthesis
C)resting for the next step
D)sorting the chromosomes
E)making the proteins that drive mitosis

Question 13

The chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles during ____.

A)anaphase
B)metaphase
C)interphase
D)prophase
E)telophase

Question 14

During anaphase, homologous chromosomes separate.​

Question 15

A contractile ring forms to separate two cells during cytokinesis in plants.​

Question 16

Tumor suppressor genes ____.

A)promote cell progression through mitosis
B)are oncogenes
C)encode growth factors
D)can become oncogenes when mutated
E)trigger tumor formation

Question 17

Regions of noncoding DNA that occur at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes are called ____.

A)telomeres
B)guanine caps
C)transposons
D)telomerases
E)tandem repeats

Question 18

Which phase of the cell cycle lasts the longest?

A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)interphase
D)telophase
E)anaphase

Question 19

Most cells in the body are in prophase.​

Question 20

A checkpoint protein that functions during S stage would likely ____.

A)ensure that enough energy is present for mitosis to occur
B)detect mutations in proteins needed for mitosis
C)ensure that spindles have formed
D)monitors the cell's chromosomes for damage during DNA replication
E)regulate metabolic pathways

Question 21

Sometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function of ____.

A)plasma membrane adhesion proteins
B)nuclear membranes
C)cell walls
D)oncogenes
E)tumor suppressor genes

Question 22

Following DNA replication, a single chromosome and its copy are attached at the centromere, forming ____ chromatids.

A)mother
B)daughter
C)preprogrammed
D)sister
E)duplicated

Question 23

Which cell structure is present during plant cell division but not animal cell division?

A)cleavage furrow
B)cytokinesis
C)spindle
D)sister chromatids
E)cell plate

Question 24

-The cell in the accompanying figure is in ____.

A)early prophase
B)prophase
C)telophase
D)anaphase
E)metaphase

Question 25

Chromosomes are duplicated during the ____ phase of the cell cycle.

A)M
B)D
C)G1
D)G2
E)S

Question 26

If a cell's DNA is damaged, the products of ____ genes interact to delay or stop the cell cycle.

A)checkpoint
B)master
C)homeotic
D)onco
E)repair

Question 27

Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 ____.

A)lead to increased telomerase activity
B)give rise to neoplasms in the breast
C)cause cells to become senescent
D)arrest cell cycle progression
E)cause cells to undergo apoptosis

Question 28

The mitotic spindle is made of ____.

A)Golgi bodies
B)nucleoprotein
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)microtubules
E)chromatids

Question 29

The nuclear envelope begins to break up in early ____.

A)anaphase
B)interphase
C)metaphase
D)prophase
E)telophase

Question 30

-?The cell in the accompanying figure is in ____.

A)?early prophase
B)?prophase
C)?telophase
D)?anaphase
E)?metaphase

Question 31

The mitotic spindle attaches to chromosomes at the _____.

A)centriole
B)contractile ring
C)centromere
D)centrosome
E)telomere

Question 32

A duplicated chromosome has ____ chromatid(s).

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)zero

Question 33

-The cell in the accompanying figure is in ____.

A)early prophase
B)prophase
C)telophase
D)anaphase
E)metaphase

Question 34

-The cell in the accompanying figure is in ____.

A)early prophase
B)prophase
C)telophase
D)anaphase
E)metaphase

Question 35

The nuclear envelope reforms during ____.

A)anaphase
B)metaphase
C)interphase
D)prophase
E)telophase

Question 36

The chromosomes have arrived at opposite poles by the beginning of ____.

A)anaphase
B)metaphase
C)interphase
D)prophase
E)telophase

Question 37

Mitosis ends when ____.​

A)​sister chromatids are packaged in the same cell
B)​DNA replicates
C)​a new nuclear envelope forms around each cluster of chromosomes
D)​centrioles move toward opposite poles of the cell
E)​new plasma membranes form to separate the two descendent cells

Question 38

Chromosomes are present as attached sister chromatids in which stages? ?
I.Metaphase
II.Telophase
III.Prophase
IV.Anaphase

A)III and IV
B)I, III, and IV
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
E)I, II, III, and IV

Question 39

Cytokinesis in plant cells ____.

A)requires vesicles to cluster at the future plane of division
B)occurs when the plasma membrane is pulled inward by a ring of microtubules
C)usually precedes nuclear division
D)involves a cleavage furrow
E)occurs exactly the same as in animal cells

Question 40

The distribution of cytoplasm to daughter cells is accomplished during ____.

A)eukaryotic fission
B)mitosis
C)meiosis
D)cytokinesis
E)interphase

Question 41

Normal checkpoint genes encoding proteins that promote mitosis are called ____.

A)carcinogens
B)proto-oncogenes
C)mitogens
D)oncogenes
E)growth inhibitor genes

Question 42

Match the correct term with its corresponding description:
a.process in which malignant cells spread from one part of the body to another
b.gene that helps transform a normal cell into a tumor cell
c.enzyme that lengthens telomeres
d.accumulation of abnormally dividing cells
e.disease that occurs when a malignant neoplasm physically and metabolically disrupts body tissues
f.tumors form when these gene products are missing
g.noncoding DNA sequence at the end of chromosomes that protects coding sequences from degradation
h.gene that, by mutation, can become an oncogene
tumor suppressor

Question 43

Match each term with its corresponding description.
a.formed from lengthening microtubules
b.a band of actin and motor proteins that forms under the plasma membrane during anaphase
c.disk-shaped structure that forms and partitions descendant cells during cytokinesis in a plant cell
d.location at which spindle microtubules assemble and bind to chromosomes
e.in a dividing animal cell, the indentation where cytoplasmic division will occur
cleavage furrow

Question 44

Match the correct term with its corresponding description:
a.process in which malignant cells spread from one part of the body to another
b.gene that helps transform a normal cell into a tumor cell
c.enzyme that lengthens telomeres
d.accumulation of abnormally dividing cells
e.disease that occurs when a malignant neoplasm physically and metabolically disrupts body tissues
f.tumors form when these gene products are missing
g.noncoding DNA sequence at the end of chromosomes that protects coding sequences from degradation
h.gene that, by mutation, can become an oncogene
metastasis

Question 45

Match each term with its corresponding description.
a.formed from lengthening microtubules
b.a band of actin and motor proteins that forms under the plasma membrane during anaphase
c.disk-shaped structure that forms and partitions descendant cells during cytokinesis in a plant cell
d.location at which spindle microtubules assemble and bind to chromosomes
e.in a dividing animal cell, the indentation where cytoplasmic division will occur
cell plate

Question 46

An epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates a cell to enter mitosis by binding to a receptor on the cell's plasma membrane. The EGF receptor is a product of a ____ gene.

A)repressor
B)structural
C)master
D)proto-onco
E)growth

Question 47

The mitotic spindle becomes visible during ____.

A)anaphase
B)metaphase
C)interphase
D)prophase
E)telophase

Question 48

Match each term with its corresponding description.
a.formed from lengthening microtubules
b.a band of actin and motor proteins that forms under the plasma membrane during anaphase
c.disk-shaped structure that forms and partitions descendant cells during cytokinesis in a plant cell
d.location at which spindle microtubules assemble and bind to chromosomes
e.in a dividing animal cell, the indentation where cytoplasmic division will occur
contractile ring​

Question 49

What is the correct order of the three stages of interphase?

A)G1, S, G2
B)G1, G2, S
C)S, G1, G2
D)G1, M, G2
E)M, G1, G2

Question 50

The sister chromatids detach from one another and become visibly separated chromosomes during ____.

A)anaphase
B)metaphase
C)interphase
D)prophase
E)telophase

Question 51

Mitosis followed by cytoplasmic division produces ____.

A)one cell with twice the cytoplasm and twice the DNA of the parent
B)two cells of unequal size
C)two cells of equal size but different DNA from each other
D)two cells twice the size of the parent with identical DNA
E)two cells with the same number and types of chromosomes as the parent

Question 52

Match the correct term with its corresponding description:
a.process in which malignant cells spread from one part of the body to another
b.gene that helps transform a normal cell into a tumor cell
c.enzyme that lengthens telomeres
d.accumulation of abnormally dividing cells
e.disease that occurs when a malignant neoplasm physically and metabolically disrupts body tissues
f.tumors form when these gene products are missing
g.noncoding DNA sequence at the end of chromosomes that protects coding sequences from degradation
h.gene that, by mutation, can become an oncogene
oncogene

Question 53

In intervals of interphase, G stands for _____.

A)gap
B)growth
C)Gey
D)gene
E)group

Question 54

Match the correct term with its corresponding description:
a.process in which malignant cells spread from one part of the body to another
b.gene that helps transform a normal cell into a tumor cell
c.enzyme that lengthens telomeres
d.accumulation of abnormally dividing cells
e.disease that occurs when a malignant neoplasm physically and metabolically disrupts body tissues
f.tumors form when these gene products are missing
g.noncoding DNA sequence at the end of chromosomes that protects coding sequences from degradation
h.gene that, by mutation, can become an oncogene
neoplasm

Question 55

Match each term with its corresponding description.
a.formed from lengthening microtubules
b.a band of actin and motor proteins that forms under the plasma membrane during anaphase
c.disk-shaped structure that forms and partitions descendant cells during cytokinesis in a plant cell
d.location at which spindle microtubules assemble and bind to chromosomes
e.in a dividing animal cell, the indentation where cytoplasmic division will occur
centromere

Question 56

Any gene that can transform a normal cell into a tumor cell is called a(n) ____.

A)proto-oncogene
B)oncogene
C)neoplasm
D)checkpoint gene
E)carcinoma

Question 57

Match the correct term with its corresponding description:
a.process in which malignant cells spread from one part of the body to another
b.gene that helps transform a normal cell into a tumor cell
c.enzyme that lengthens telomeres
d.accumulation of abnormally dividing cells
e.disease that occurs when a malignant neoplasm physically and metabolically disrupts body tissues
f.tumors form when these gene products are missing
g.noncoding DNA sequence at the end of chromosomes that protects coding sequences from degradation
h.gene that, by mutation, can become an oncogene
proto-oncogene

Question 58

Match the correct term with its corresponding description:
a.process in which malignant cells spread from one part of the body to another
b.gene that helps transform a normal cell into a tumor cell
c.enzyme that lengthens telomeres
d.accumulation of abnormally dividing cells
e.disease that occurs when a malignant neoplasm physically and metabolically disrupts body tissues
f.tumors form when these gene products are missing
g.noncoding DNA sequence at the end of chromosomes that protects coding sequences from degradation
h.gene that, by mutation, can become an oncogene
telomere

Question 59

Match each term with its corresponding description.
a.formed from lengthening microtubules
b.a band of actin and motor proteins that forms under the plasma membrane during anaphase
c.disk-shaped structure that forms and partitions descendant cells during cytokinesis in a plant cell
d.location at which spindle microtubules assemble and bind to chromosomes
e.in a dividing animal cell, the indentation where cytoplasmic division will occur
spindle

Question 60

Match the correct term with its corresponding description:
a.process in which malignant cells spread from one part of the body to another
b.gene that helps transform a normal cell into a tumor cell
c.enzyme that lengthens telomeres
d.accumulation of abnormally dividing cells
e.disease that occurs when a malignant neoplasm physically and metabolically disrupts body tissues
f.tumors form when these gene products are missing
g.noncoding DNA sequence at the end of chromosomes that protects coding sequences from degradation
h.gene that, by mutation, can become an oncogene
cancer

Question 61

Dolly, the sheep, was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell. Unexpectedly, she aged prematurely and died at six years old. She had characteristics of a geriatric sheep. Why was this the case?

Question 62

​Describe, using specific examples, the differences in how a growth factor gene and a tumor suppressor gene can become oncogenes.

Question 63

​List the four stages of mitosis in chronological order.

Question 64

During interphase, the chromosomes are loose and thread-like but they tightly condense in preparation for mitosis. Why?

Question 65

Describe what happens during the phases of the cell cycle.

Question 66

Who was Henrietta Lacks? How was she important to the study of cells?

Question 67

Why are stem cells able to divide indefinitely?

Question 68

​What is a cell line and what is its significance in studying human diseases?

Question 69

Define mitosis and explain why prokaryotes do not undergo mitosis.

Question 70

Describe the relationship between telomeres and aging.

Question 71

Match each stage with the events listed.

A)sister chromatids separate
B)chromosomes start to condense
C)new nuclei form
D)all duplicated chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator _______ metaphase
_______ prophase
_______ telophase
_______ anaphase

Question 72

​Explain National Geographic Explorer Iain Couzin's concept of the parallels between cancer cell migration and animal swarms.

Question 73

List three characteristics of malignant cells.

Question 74

​Explain why cells divide by mitosis. Give at least one example of cells that need to undergo mitotic division.

Question 75

Match the correct term with its corresponding description:
a.process in which malignant cells spread from one part of the body to another
b.gene that helps transform a normal cell into a tumor cell
c.enzyme that lengthens telomeres
d.accumulation of abnormally dividing cells
e.disease that occurs when a malignant neoplasm physically and metabolically disrupts body tissues
f.tumors form when these gene products are missing
g.noncoding DNA sequence at the end of chromosomes that protects coding sequences from degradation
h.gene that, by mutation, can become an oncogene
telomerase