Deck 10: Control of Gene Expression

Question 1

When histones are acetylated, transcription is ____.

A)enhanced
B)slowed
C)repressed
D)able to occur
E)unaffected

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Transcription factors control gene expression by ____.

A)initiating or repressing gene transcription only
B)regulating the rate of gene transcription only
C)promoting RNA degradation only
D)initiating or repressing gene transcription and regulating the rate of gene transcription
E)initiating or repressing gene transcription and promoting RNA degradation

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Expression of a microRNA complementary in sequence to a gene _____ that gene.

A)blocks transcription of
B)replicates
C)speeds transcription of
D)inhibits translation of
E)methylates the bases in

Answer 3

D

Question 4

​An operon contains a ____.

A)​single gene controlled by its own promoter
B)​single gene controlled by multiple promoters
C)​group of genes controlled by a single promoter
D)​group of genes each controlled by their own promoters
E)​single gene controlled by its own operator

Question 5

In a prokaryotic operon, the region to which RNA polymerase binds is called ____.

A)heterogeneous nuclear DNA
B)a repressor gene
C)a promoter sequence
D)an operator sequence
E)an enhancer gene

Question 6

Suppose the PAX6 gene from a human is inserted into an eyeless mutant fly. What will happen?

A)Nothing; human genes cannot be expressed in other species.
B)The fly will grow normal compound fly eyes in the normal location.
C)Fly eyes will form wherever the gene is expressed.
D)The fly will develop aniridia.
E)The fly will grow simple human eyes in the normal location.

Question 7

Binding of ____ to ____ in DNA can increase the rate of transcription of specific genes.

A)activators; promoters
B)enhancers; promoters
C)repressors; operators
D)repressors; promoters
E)enhancers; operators

Question 8

​Operons occur ____.

A)​only in prokaryotes
B)​only in eukaryotes
C)​only in archaea
D)​only in prokaryotes and archaea
E)​in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea

Question 9

Which feature is least likely to be associated with the lac operon?

A)repressor
B)master genes
C)operator
D)promoter
E)lactose

Question 10

​Calico cats have their pattern due to ____.

A)​random X chromosome inactivation
B)​random expression of the SRY gene
C)​overexpression of the SRY gene
D)​a mutation in the XIST gene
E)​overexpression of homeotic genes

Question 11

In prokaryotes, most of the control of gene expression is at the ____ level.

A)transcriptional
B)transcript processing
C)transport
D)translational
E)post-translational

Question 12

Which genetic feature is least associated with females?

A)Barr body
B)Y chromosome
C)dosage compensation
D)XIST gene
E)X inactivation

Question 13

Double-stranded RNA can trigger the degradation of complementary mRNA. This method of gene expression control works by ____.

A)preventing DNA replication
B)loosening DNA from histones
C)enhancing RNA transport
D)preventing translation
E)preventing post-translational modification

Question 14

​A biological process that repeats every day is called a ____.

A)​master process
B)​transcriptionally-regulated process
C)​normal cycle
D)​circadian rhythm
E)​homeotic rhythm

Question 15

​The SRY gene is a ____ gene.

A)​master
B)​mutated
C)​nonfunctional
D)​dosage compensation
E)​circadian rhythm

Question 16

Humans and other mammals can break down ____ in milk, but most do so only when young.

A)glucose
B)ribose
C)cellulose
D)lactose
E)fructose

Question 17

​The ____ gene on the ____ chromosome determines male sex in mammals.

A)​XIST; X
B)​XIST; Y
C)​SRY; X
D)​SRY; Y
E)​ABC; Y

Question 18

Adding ____ groups to histones tightens the DNA and prevents transcription.

A)promoter
B)methyl
C)operator
D)acetyl
E)carboxylic acid

Question 19

A type of master gene that controls the formation of body parts during development is a ____ gene.

A)control
B)gradient
C)differentiation
D)developmental
E)homeotic

Question 20

​An operator is a type of ____ sequence in prokaryotic DNA.

A)​enhancer
B)​master gene
C)​promoter
D)​activator
E)​silencer

Question 21

When a transcription factor binds to a(n) ____, it can block the effect of a silencer of enhancer on a neighboring gene.​

A)repressor
B)insulator
C)promoter
D)operator
E)activator

Question 22

The obvious advantage of the lactose operon system is that ____.

A)lactose is not needed as energy for bacteria
B)lactose-metabolizing enzymes are only made when lactose is present
C)the bacteria will make lactose only in the presence of the proper enzymes
D)milk is not needed for the adult human diet
E)glucose can substitute for lactose in the diet of intolerant persons

Question 23

​Repressors and activators are examples of ____.

A)​promoters
B)​operators
C)​transcription factors
D)​homeotic genes
E)​enhancers

Question 24

Homeotic genes encode ____.

A)enzymes
B)translation enhancers only
C)transcription factors only
D)both enzymes and translation enhancers
E)both translation enhancers and transcription factors

Question 25

Forms of gene control in eukaryotes include ____ control.

A)only replicational control
B)only transcriptional control
C)only translational control
D)replicational, transcriptional, and translational
E)transcriptional, translational, and post-translational

Question 26

Which type of experiments deliberately inactivate a gene?

A)ablation
B)control
C)downregulation
D)knockout
E)tinman

Question 27

What is the fate of the extra X chromosome in females?

A)Both X chromosomes are maintained normally.
B)The extra X chromosome is degraded after each cell division.
C)The extra X chromosome condenses.
D)The extra X chromosome duplicates.
E)The extra X chromosome is deleted after fertilization and is not present in the remainder of cells in the body.

Question 28

In the prokaryotic lac operon system, a repressor remains bound to the ____ unless lactose is present.

A)operators
B)promoter
C)enhancer
D)operon
E)gene

Question 29

A typical differentiated cell uses only about ____ percent of its genes.

A)1 to 2
B)10
C)25
D)70
E)90

Question 30

In terms of sex chromosomes, the cells of female mammals contain ____.

A)one X chromosome and one Barr body
B)one X chromosome
C)one X chromosome and one Y chromosome
D)two active X chromosomes
E)two Barr bodies

Question 31

In flowering plants, petals form when ____ genes are turned on.

A)only A
B)only B
C)only C
D)both A and B
E)both B and C

Question 32

​Lactose intolerance occurs when ____.

A)​the bacteria that break down lactose are not present in the large intestine
B)​individuals do not produce enough of the lactase enzyme
C)​individuals have a mutation allowing them to produce the lactase enzyme
D)​glucose and lactose are consumed together
E)​individuals digest lactose

Question 33

The repressor is bound to the lac operon unless ____ is present.

A)lactose
B)lactase
C)transcription factor
D)RNA polymerase
E)promoter

Question 34

​Adding ____ groups to histones loosens the DNA, so ____ can occur.

A)​methyl; translation
B)​methyl; transcription
C)​acetyl; translation
D)​acetyl; transcription
E)​acetyl; ribosome-binding

Question 35

When only C genes are turned on in flowering plants, ____ form.

A)sepals
B)petals
C)stamens
D)carpels
E)leaves

Question 36

The XIST gene has been transcribed in ____.

A)the active X chromosome
B)the condensed Barr body
C)both X chromosomes
D)the maternal chromosome
E)the paternal chromosome

Question 37

​When glucose and lactose are present in an Escherichia coli cell, ____.

A)​the lac operon will be turned off
B)​the lac operon will be on, and lactose will be used first
C)​the lac operon will be on, but glucose will be used first
D)​both glucose and lactose will be used at the same rates
E)​the cell will produce starch from the sugars

Question 38

What happens to a male's reproductive organ development when the SRY gene is mutated and not expressed?

A)Male reproductive organs will develop normally.
B)Male reproductive organs, included testes, will develop but testosterone will not be produced.
C)Female reproductive organs will develop.
D)The reproductive organs will remain immature.
E)Portions of both the male and female reproductive organs will develop.

Question 39

What DNA site can increase the transcription rate of a gene that may be thousands of base pairs away?

A)transcription factor
B)silencer
C)enhancer
D)activator
E)transcription increaser

Question 40

In the lac operon, a ____ derivative binds to the ____ and allows transcription of the operon's genes.​

A)​glucose; operator
B)​glucose; repressor
C)​lactose; activator
D)​lactose; promoter
E)​lactose; repressor

Question 41

​Escherichia coli prefer to use which carbohydrate?

A)​lactose
B)​glucose
C)​maltose
D)​sucrose
E)​starch

Question 42

Match the correct description to the term below. Not all choices will be used.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.genes
e.​inducer
A repressor protein can shut down transcription by binding to this item.

Question 43

Match the transcriptional gene expression control factor with the most appropriate description.
a.transcription factors
b.enhancers
c.repressors
d.activators
e.silencers
These serve as DNA binding sites for repressors.

Question 44

Match the specific gene expression control activity with the control point at which it occurs. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.post-translational modification
b.translation
c.RNA processing and transport
d.transcription
e.​DNA-histone interactions
the delay of post-transcriptional modification in the nucleus

Question 45

In fruit flies, pattern formation during embryonic development is based on ____.

A)a promoter and one or more operators
B)post-translational modification
C)RNA interference
D)dosage compensation
E)a gradient of maternal effect gene products in the embryo

Question 46

A new protein molecule may become activated or disabled by enzymes. This method of gene expression control works by ____.

A)preventing DNA replication
B)loosening DNA from histones
C)preventing RNA processing
D)preventing translation
E)preventing post-translational modification

Question 47

Match the transcriptional gene expression control factor with the most appropriate description.
a.transcription factors
b.enhancers
c.repressors
d.activators
e.silencers
These serve as DNA binding sites for activators.

Question 48

Match the transcriptional gene expression control factor with the most appropriate description.
a.transcription factors
b.enhancers
c.repressors
d.activators
e.silencers
These shut off transcription or slow it down.

Question 49

Match the transcriptional gene expression control factor with the most appropriate description.
a.transcription factors
b.enhancers
c.repressors
d.activators
e.silencers
These are proteins that bind to DNA and influence transcription of a gene.

Question 50

Match the correct description to the term below. Not all choices will be used.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.genes
e.​inducer
Group of genes together with a promoter and one or more operators that control their transcription.

Question 51

Match the specific gene expression control activity with the control point at which it occurs. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.post-translational modification
b.translation
c.RNA processing and transport
d.transcription
e.​DNA-histone interactions
phosphorylation activates a protein

Question 52

Match the specific gene expression control activity with the control point at which it occurs. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.post-translational modification
b.translation
c.RNA processing and transport
d.transcription
e.​DNA-histone interactions
a transcription factor recruits RNA polymerase to a promoter site

Question 53

Match the specific gene expression control activity with the control point at which it occurs. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.post-translational modification
b.translation
c.RNA processing and transport
d.transcription
e.​DNA-histone interactions
microRNA binds to mRNA in the cytoplasm

Question 54

Match the transcriptional gene expression control factor with the most appropriate description.
a.transcription factors
b.enhancers
c.repressors
d.activators
e.silencers
These speed up transcription.

Question 55

Match the specific gene expression control activity with the control point at which it occurs. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.post-translational modification
b.translation
c.RNA processing and transport
d.transcription
e.​DNA-histone interactions
RNA interference

Question 56

Match the specific gene expression control activity with the control point at which it occurs. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.post-translational modification
b.translation
c.RNA processing and transport
d.transcription
e.​DNA-histone interactions
proteins move mRNA to a specific location in the cytoplasm

Question 57

Match the correct description to the term below. Not all choices will be used.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.genes
e.​inducer
When the repressor is inactivated, RNA polymerase can bind to this item and allow transcription to occur.

Question 58

Match the specific gene expression control activity with the control point at which it occurs. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.post-translational modification
b.translation
c.RNA processing and transport
d.transcription
e.​DNA-histone interactions
alternative RNA splicing

Question 59

Match the specific gene expression control activity with the control point at which it occurs. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.post-translational modification
b.translation
c.RNA processing and transport
d.transcription
e.​DNA-histone interactions
acetyl groups are added to a histone, to loosen the DNA

Question 60

Match the specific gene expression control activity with the control point at which it occurs. Some choices may be used more than once.
a.post-translational modification
b.translation
c.RNA processing and transport
d.transcription
e.​DNA-histone interactions
methyl groups are added to a histone, to tighten DNA

Question 61

Match the correct description to the term below. Not all choices will be used.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.genes
e.​inducer
In an operon, these are all transcribed together into a single RNA strand.