Deck 5: Biologic Effects of Radiation

Question 1

Human tissue is composed primarily of which of the following that effects how the x-ray energy is absorbed?

A)Air
B)Ions
C)Water
D)Toxins

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

Which of the following occurs after the latent period,which can include changes in the cell's or tissue's function?

A)Cell Recovery
B)Chronic effects
C)Period of injury
D)Cumulative effects

Answer 2

Period of injury

Question 3

Describe the event when x-ray photons directly hit critical areas with the cells and cause damage to the DNA of the cells.

A)Ionization
B)Direct effect
C)Indirect effect
D)Formation of toxins

Answer 3

Direct effect

Question 4

Identify the time between exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance of clinical symptoms:

A)latent period.
B)genetic effect.
C)somatic effect.
D)short-term effect.

Question 5

Identify the type of interaction with matter that occurs most frequently with dental radiation procedures:

A)no interaction.
B)Compton effect.
C)Thompson scatter.
D)photoelectric effect.

Question 6

Identify this type of interaction with matter: an x-ray photon has its path altered by the atom,but no change to the atom occurs;a photon of scatter radiation is produced:

A)no interaction.
B)Compton effect.
C)Thompson scatter.
D)photoelectric effect.

Question 7

All of the following are traditional units of radiation measurement EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Gray
B)Roentgen
C)Radiation absorbed dose
D)Roentgen equivalent man

Question 8

The cornea is the tissue that lies within the primary dental beam and is very radiosensitive.

Question 9

The quality factor in measuring x-radiation is two.

Question 10

In radiology,the term dose is defined as:

A)the dose multiplied by the quality factor(Q),and is expressed in rems.
B)the amount of ionization in the air produced by x-rays or gamma radiation.
C)the amount of energy,or ionizing radiation,produced by the x-ray machine.
D)the amount of radiation energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue at a particular site.

Question 11

The output of a dental x-ray machine is expressed in roentgen/sec.

Question 12

All of the following describe a free radical EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Is stable
B)Is an uncharged molecule
C)Has an unpaired electron in the outer shell
D)Combines with molecules to form toxins

Question 13

Identify the largest source of artificial radiation to which the population is exposed:

A)solar radiation.
B)nuclear accidents.
C)consumer products.
D)medical and dental radiation.

Question 14

All of the following tissues are considered radiosensitive EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Nerve tissue
B)Thyroid gland
C)Lens of the eyes
D)Reproductive cells

Question 15

Radiation caries is most often seen on teeth:

A)interproximally.
B)on the incisal edges.
C)on occlusal surfaces.
D)at the cervical area circumferentially.

Question 16

The single largest contributor to background radiation is:

A)radon.
B)nuclear plants.
C)cosmic radiation.
D)medical and dental radiation.

Question 17

The bone marrow is near the primary beam.

Question 18

A cell that is sensitive to radiation exposure is considered to be radioresistant and a cell that is not sensitive to radiation exposure is said to be radiosensitive.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)First statement is true,second is false.
D)First statement is false,second is true.

Question 19

Radiation damage to somatic cells is passed on to succeeding generations.

Question 20

All of the following are stochastic radiologic effects EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Effects may occur without a threshold level of dose.
B)Occur by chance and by changes in the DNA of body cells.
C)Increase in severity with increased absorbed dose and do have a threshold.
D)Transpire due to the effect of radiation that causes ionization on chromosomes that result in damage to genetic cells.