Deck 23: Energy and Mineral Resources

Question 1

Which type of coal is typically found associated with tight, highly folded strata?

A)Bituminous
B)Lignite
C)Peat
D)Anthracite

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Upon combustion, which naturally occurring substance in coal is released to potentially create acid rain?

A)Nitrogen
B)Uranium
C)Oxygen
D)Sulfur
E)All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Approximately 91 percent of the coal use in the United States today is used for ________.

A)home heating
B)transportation
C)construction
D)electricity

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following would be a good reservoir rock for oil and natural gas?

A)Shale
B)Slate
C)Sandstone
D)Granite

Question 5

A ________ is an economically important material that cannot be replenished in a reasonable time frame, so once it has been consumed, there will not be any more.

A)recycled material
B)renewable resource
C)nonrenewable resource
D)plastic

Question 6

Which of the following is not a fossil fuel?

A)Coal
B)Bauxite
C)Natural gas
D)Petroleum

Question 7

Which U.S.state was the nation's leader in coal production as of 2014?

A)Pennsylvania
B)Wyoming
C)Texas
D)West Virginia

Question 8

The most common type of gas hydrate is ________.

A)oxygen hydrate
B)methane hydrate
C)iron hydrate
D)copper hydrate

Question 9

Which of the following would be a good cap rock for oil and natural gas deposits?

A)Shale
B)Sandstone
C)Limestone
D)Conglomerate

Question 10

Some of the largest crude oil reserves in the world, collected in an anticline trap, are found ________.

A)on land in Texas
B)in the deeper waters of the Gulf of Mexico
C)in Saudi Arabia
D)on the continental slope in the North Sea

Question 11

Which of the following fossils fuels is the "cleanest" for the environment in the sense that it is most likely to have the lowest sulfur content and the smallest volume of solid ash residue?

A)Natural gas
B)Anthracite coal
C)Heavy, asphalitic crude oil
D)Lignite

Question 12

The Canadian province of Alberta has the world's largest commercially developed deposit of which fossil fuel?

A)Anthracite coal
B)Natural gas
C)Petroleum
D)Tar sands

Question 13

What radioactive material is the main fuel used to produce nuclear energy?

A)Uranium-238
B)Uranium-235
C)Lead-207
D)Thorium-232

Question 14

Which of the following regions is not one of the top coal-producing states in the United States?

A)Idaho
B)Pennsylvania
C)Wyoming
D)West Virginia

Question 15

________ are mixtures of clay, sand, and bitumen.

A)Tar pits
B)Oil sands
C)Oil shales
D)Gas hydrates

Question 16

A ________ is an economically important material that can be replenished over a short time span to be used again.

A)renewable resource
B)fossil Fuel
C)raw material
D)nonrenewable resource

Question 17

In what environment will the plant and animal remains necessary to generate oil accumulate?

A)Desert
B)Swamp
C)Stream
D)Ocean

Question 18

How does the burning of fossil fuels affect the environment?

A)Greenhouse gases are released that raise global temperatures.
B)Sulfur dioxide is produced, which contributes to acid rain.
C)Particulates are released into the atmosphere, which collect on ice caps and glaciers to absorb more heat.
D)Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to ocean acidification.
E)All of the above.

Question 19

Together, ________, ________, and ________ provide more than 81 percent of the energy consumed in the United States.

A)uranium; hydroelectricity; coal
B)coal; nuclear power; wind energy
C)natural gas; wind power; biofuel
D)oil; coal; natural gas

Question 20

Which of the following is not a concern related to the practice of hydraulic fracturing or fracking?

A)Waste injection fluids are held on the surface in open reservoirs.
B)Fracking fluids may contaminate groundwater.
C)Injection of fracking fluids may trigger small earthquakes.
D)The reservoir rock may have low permeability.

Question 21

Which of the following minerals does not form as a result of magmatic segregation?

A)Beryl
B)Quartz
C)Feldspar
D)Calcite

Question 22

________ deposits such as gold and silver are generated from hot, ion-rich fluids.

A)Kimberlite
B)Hydrothermal
C)Placer
D)Evaporite

Question 23

The first country to generate electricity geothermally was ________ in 1904.

A)Japan
B)New Zealand
C)Italy
D)Mexico City

Question 24

The mineral bauxite is refined to produce ________ for economic use.

A)iron
B)aluminum
C)copper
D)gold

Question 25

When considering hydrothermal deposits, vein- or fissure-filling deposits of metallic ores such as gold or silver are common in ________.

A)rocks of a contact-metamorphic zone that formed around a shallow granite pluton
B)pyroclastic materials erupted from a stratovolcano
C)impact structures from meteorites
D)rocks that form in high-pressure subduction zones

Question 26

________ is a high-pressure ultramafic rock, often containing diamonds, which is carried to the surface in tapered volcanic pipes.

A)Pegmatite
B)Migmatite
C)Kimberlite
D)Platinum

Question 27

How can contact metamorphism result in the deposition of ore deposits?

A)Magma differentiates during cooling, leaving the ores to settle out to the bottom of the magma chamber.
B)Hot, mineral-rich water exits the seafloor, resulting in instant precipitation of minerals.
C)Hot magma burns the country rock, which experiences a mineral phase change.
D)Hot fluids in contact with the country rock can result in chemical reactions that facilitate the migration of metallic ions.

Question 28

________ collection and ________ collection are used to harness solar energy for consumption.

A)Magnetic; hydraulic
B)Human; mechanical
C)Passive; active
D)Aquatic; filtration

Question 29

Which country has the greatest installed capacity of wind turbines worldwide, creating more than 114,000 megawatts of electricity in 2014?

A)United States
B)Germany
C)China
D)Australia

Question 30

Which process releases energy from radioactive materials to produce nuclear power?

A)Nuclear fission
B)Nuclear fusion
C)Gasification
D)Nuclear bombardment

Question 31

The nuclear power plant in ________, Japan, suffered a catastrophic nuclear accident in 2011, consisting of a series of equipment failures, nuclear meltdowns, and releases of radioactive material.

A)Chernobyl
B)Mount St.Helens
C)Fukushima
D)Manilla

Question 32

Which of the materials below is an example of biomass fuel?

A)Wood
B)Uranium
C)Oil
D)Hot water

Question 33

Which form of renewable energy is produced by power plants in Iceland, accounting for 66 percent of Iceland's primary energy use?

A)Hydroelectric power
B)Solar power
C)Tidal energy
D)Geothermal power

Question 34

Where is the world's largest tidal electricity power plant?

A)The California coast north of San Francisco
B)Annapolis River estuary, Maryland
C)Murmansk, Russia
D)The mouth of the Rance River in Brittany, France

Question 35

Photovoltaic cells are used to generate ________ energy.

A)tidal
B)nuclear
C)solar
D)hydroelectric

Question 36

Which igneous rock will form through crystallization in a fluid-rich environment with enhanced ion migration?

A)Scoria
B)Pegmatite
C)Obsidian
D)Basalt

Question 37

Where was the first large-scale commercial geothermal electrical facility in the United States, built in 1960?

A)The Geysers, California
B)Oak Ridge, Tennessee
C)Hot Springs, Arkansas
D)Mammoth Lake, California

Question 38

Prolonged tropical weathering of specific kinds of bedrock can produce deposits of which mineral?

A)Gold
B)Hematite
C)Halite
D)Bauxite

Question 39

Although rare in Earth's crust, some of the most important deposits of uranium are associated with ________.

A)lake sediments
B)placer deposits
C)ancient sand dunes
D)geysers

Question 40

Magmatic segregation occurs when ________.

A)light minerals crystallize early and migrate through fractures in rock
B)heavy minerals crystallize early and settle to the lower part of the magma chamber
C)high-pressure conduits carry crystals to the surface
D)hot, metal-rich fluids migrate through fractures in rock

Question 41

Oil sands are associated with sedimentary rocks such as sandstones, shales, and limestones.

Question 42

What is the main mineral source of phosphorous in phosphate fertilizers?

A)Topaz
B)Calcite
C)Kaolinite
D)Apatite

Question 43

Aluminum laterite is also known as the mineral ________.

A)calcite
B)olivine
C)hematite
D)bauxite

Question 44

Nonmetallic minerals used for abrasives include ________.

A)topaz and fluorite
B)talc and gypsum
C)apatite and hematite
D)corundum and garnet

Question 45

The use of renewable energy has been increasing for the last 40 years and is expected to continue to rise.

Question 46

A cap rock is a porous, permeable rock that will yield petroleum and natural gas.

Question 47

Black smokers are results of hydrothermal activity at ocean ridges.

Question 48

Coal is still an important fuel in the United States, mainly used for producing electricity today.

Question 49

Cap rocks over reservoirs of petroleum and natural gas are nonporous and impermeable.

Question 50

Deeply weathered tropical soils that develop in warm, rainy climates are called ________.

A)tillites
B)placers
C)laterites
D)methane hydrates

Question 51

Coal forms from ancient plant remains originally deposited in swamps and marshes.The original energy content of the coal was derived from the sun.

Question 52

A mineral deposit may lose its profitability due to economic changes such as rising production costs and stock market volatility.

Question 53

What is the definition of a placer deposit?

A)Sorting of particles by a water current according to a material's specific gravity
B)Emplacement of hydrothermal fluids into a fracture
C)Concentration of minor amounts of metals in soil via weathering
D)Metallic deposit near the base of a black smoker due to precipitation

Question 54

Renewable energy sources such as wood can regenerate and be sustained indefinitely.

Question 55

The process of refining oil shales will produce higher yields of gasoline and heating oils, whereas the refining of light, sweet crude oil from the North Sea produces lower yields that are of lower quality.

Question 56

Which mineral resource is the main component for plaster and drywall?

A)Diamonds
B)Calcite
C)Gypsum
D)Talc

Question 57

List three economic materials that can be profitably extracted from placer deposits.

A)Gold, platinum, and tin
B)Diamonds, iron, and quartz
C)Sand, gravel, and silt
D)Granite, basalt, and gabbro

Question 58

________ occurs when weathering concentrates minor amounts of metals scattered through unweathered rock into economically valuable concentrations.

A)Passive collection
B)Secondary enrichment
C)Concentration
D)Hydraulic fracturing

Question 59

Black smokers along the Juan de Fuca Ridge are responsible for massive sulfide deposits.

Question 60

Uranium is the primary fuel used in nuclear power plants.

Question 61

Of all the mineral and energy resources in this figure, which is the most important resource in terms of quantity consumed?

A)Natural gas
B)Iron
C)Petroleum
D)Stone

Question 62

Discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of wind energy.

Question 63

This image shows the annual per capita consumption of various economically important materials.Based on this figure, which of the following categories does the average American consume the most from every year?

A)Nonmetallic resources
B)Metallic resources
C)Energy resources

Question 64

What is the difference between a resource and a reserve?

Question 65

Which region has the highest annual average wind speeds?

A)Washington and Oregon
B)Utah, Arizona, and Nevada
C)Florida and Georgia
D)Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas

Question 66

How are oceanic gas hydrates produced?

Question 67

Which state of the following has deposits of anthracite coal?

A)Wyoming
B)Pennsylvania
C)Illinois
D)Michigan

Question 68

Crushed stone, sand, and gravel are three examples of nonmetallic mineral resources that are building materials.

Question 69

Large wind systems require average wind speeds greater than or equal to 6 m/sec.Which of the following regions would be best suited for wind power?

A)Georgia
B)Wisconsin
C)Florida
D)Washington

Question 70

The gold deposits discovered at Sutters Creek that instigated the California Gold Rush of 1848 were in the form of placer deposits.

Question 71

Which region would have the best potential for solar energy?

A)Alaska
B)Iowa
C)Arizona
D)Georgia

Question 72

Which energy use in this image requires the largest percentage of coal?

A)Transportation
B)Electric power
C)Residential and commercial
D)Industrial

Question 73

Is water a renewable resource, nonrenewable resource, or both? Explain.

Question 74

What environmental challenges are associated with extracting coal?

Question 75

For which applications (according to this image)is nuclear power used?

A)Transportation
B)Electric power
C)Residential and commercial
D)Industrial

Question 76

How does a reserve differ from an ore?

Question 77

What percentage of the energy used by the industrial sector is from petroleum?

A)71 percent
B)23 percent
C)40 percent
D)20 percent

Question 78

Which type of coal would have been of major economic importance in Illinois?

A)Lignite
B)Subbituminous coal
C)Bituminous coal
D)Anthracite coal

Question 79

Limestone is the most versatile and widely used nonmetallic mineral resource because it can be used for both building and industrial purposes.

Question 80

What is the average heat value of bituminous coal?

A)12,500 Btu/lb
B)12,000 Btu/lb
C)9,000 Btu/lb
D)7,000 Btu/lb