Deck 7: Cognitive Therapy Aaron T Beck and Marjorie E Weishaar

Question 1

In contrast to Albert Ellis, who confronted patients about their beliefs, Aaron Beck's approach was

A) more collaborative.
B) nondirective.
C) less empirically based.
D) focused on irrational beliefs.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following would create the most significant change in a dysfunctional mode for a patient?

A) Altering automatic thoughts
B) Providing reassurance and empathy
C) Teaching distraction and relaxation techniques
D) Modifying core beliefs

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A cognitive therapist will label a nonadaptive thought as

A) irrational.
B) unconscious.
C) dysfunctional.
D) pathological.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Research on depression in the 1960s, which served as the foundation of cognitive therapy, was conducted by

A) Albert Bandura.
B) Aaron Beck.
C) Albert Ellis.
D) Donald Meichenbaum.

Question 5

In contrast to rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), cognitive therapists hypothesize that

A) problems in cognitive processing are philosophical.
B) similar irrational beliefs underlie all psychopathology.
C) beliefs are categorized as rational or irrational.
D) each mental disorder has its specific cognitive content.

Question 6

Which of the following events is considered a primary indicator of potential suicidal behavior?

A) Hopelessness or a belief that things cannot improve
B) Financial crisis
C) Living with chronic pain or disability
D) Talking about death or suicide

Question 7

The original Beck Depression Inventory was first developed in the year

A) 1996
B) 1961
C) 1974
D) 1990

Question 8

Two personality dimensions, or modes of behavior, that Beck hypothesized were related to depression are

A) introversion and extraversion.
B) sociotropy and autonomy.
C) neuroticism and psychoticism.
D) stability and instability.

Question 9

The cognitive model of depression postulates three specific concepts. They are

A) depression, anxiety, and neuroticism.
B) congruence, empathy, and unconditional positive regard.
C) cognitive triad, schemas, and cognitive errors.
D) irrationality, rationality, and musturbation.

Question 10

Beck's research suggests that suicide risk is associated with

A) hopelessness.
B) personalization.
C) infantile sexuality.
D) irrationality.

Question 11

When an individual is predisposed under stress to misinterpret information in a biased fashion, cognitive theory would state that the individual is exhibiting a

A) cognitive vulnerability.
B) primal mode.
C) cognitive profile.
D) sociotropic personality.

Question 12

Structures that contain an individual's core beliefs and assumptions are labeled

A) automatic thoughts.
B) cognitive distortions.
C) cognitive schemas.
D) voluntary thoughts.

Question 13

Which of the following was NOT a primary influence on the theory behind cognitive therapy?

A) Phenomenological psychology
B) Structural theory
C) Computer technology
D) Cognitive psychology

Question 14

Studies comparing the efficacy of cognitive therapy versus medication for depression have found that cognitive therapy

A) is not as effective as medication.
B) is superior or equal to medication.
C) has lower long-term effects.
D) does not reduce suicidal ideation.

Question 15

Guided discovery refers to the process by which a therapist

A) serves as a guide to clarify problem behaviors and thoughts.
B) assists a patient to resolve unconscious conflicts.
C) confronts and persuades patients to change thoughts.
D) guides an exploration of a patient's dreams and fantasies.

Question 16

Beck's work has generated a number of assessment scales for the use of _________.

A) psychologists
B) personality therapists
C) patients
D) cognitive-behavior therapists

Question 17

Collaborative empiricism assumes the patient can play the role of a

A) practical scientist.
B) therapist for their family.
C) verbal debater.
D) computer analyst.

Question 18

Primal modes refer to modes that are

A) developed before age five to six.
B) universal and related to survival.
C) necessary for human relating.
D) triggered by misperceptions.

Question 19

Cognitive and psychodynamic therapies are similar in that both theorize that

A) meanings behind behavior are readily accessible to conscious interpretation.
B) behavior can be influenced by beliefs one is not immediately aware of.
C) a patient's self-report is a screen for more deeply concealed ideas.
D) therapy should be highly structured, directive, and short term.

Question 20

The theory behind cognitive therapy asserts that

A) unconscious conflicts from childhood lead to pathology.
B) all psychopathology results from cognitive distortions.
C) thoughts precede and determine emotions and behavior.
D) altering thoughts influences feelings, motivations, and behaviors.

Question 21

In cognitive therapy, a patient learns to eliminate negative or dysfunctional thoughts by learning beliefs that are

A) irrational.
B) absolute.
C) positive.
D) realistic.

Question 22

Exposure therapy serves to provide data on

A) thoughts, images, physiological symptoms, and self-reported tension.
B) patient details.
C) levels of physical activity.
D) daily patient behaviors.

Question 23

According to cognitive theory, thoughts _________________ shifts in emotions.

Question 24

Which disorder is associated with catastrophic interpretations of bodily/mental experiences?

A) Panic disorder
B) Paranoia
C) Depression
D) Anorexia nervosa

Question 25

Attributing external events to oneself without evidence supporting a causal connection is termed

A) personalization.
B) selective abstraction.
C) overgeneralization.
D) arbitrary inference.

Question 26

Cognitive therapists encourage patients to use _________________ reasoning, whereas REBT therapists rely on __________________ reasoning.

Question 27

Shannon has a history of chronic depression. According to cognitive theory, which statement likely represents her thought process upon discovering that she has failed an exam?

A) I can study harder next time and improve my grade.
B) Yesterday was an unlucky day for me to take an exam.
C) It was a poorly written examination by a poor teacher.
D) I'm a failure, always have been, and always will be.

Question 28

The cognitions that are most accessible and least stable are

A) core beliefs.
B) voluntary thoughts.
C) assumptions.
D) automatic thoughts.

Question 29

A cognitive therapist treating a patient with suicidal ideation would focus on _________________ because it is a strong predictor of eventual suicide.

Question 30

Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa?

A) Eating too much
B) Eating nothing
C) A pathological fear of gaining weight
D) Gaining weight

Question 31

For which of the following disorders has CT shown the largest treatment effect size?

A) Bulimia nervosa
B) Chronic pain
C) Panic disorder
D) Schizophrenia

Question 32

Hypothesis testing has two components: _____________and ____________.

A) structure; encouragement
B) evidence; assessment
C) physical; mental
D) cognitive; behavioral

Question 33

Kate has anorexia nervosa and when she gains one pound she believes she is fat. If she loses one pound, she can perceive herself as thin. Kate's thought process reflects

A) arbitrary inference.
B) dichotomous thinking.
C) magnification.
D) personalization.

Question 34

Cognitive theory states that an individual's fundamental beliefs and assumptions are contained in structures termed __________________.

Question 35

Asking a patient to ponder "what if" scenarios about feared consequences is known as

A) redefining.
B) reattribution.
C) decatastrophizing.
D) decentering.

Question 36

Which of the following disorders is associated with an inflated view of self and future?

A) Anxiety disorder
B) Obsession
C) Hypomania
D) Compulsion

Question 37

A cognitive distortion refers to

A) lying to protect one's self-image.
B) distortion of past memories.
C) a systematic error in reasoning.
D) drug-induced shifts in beliefs.

Question 38

Drawing a specific conclusion without supporting evidence, or even in the face of contradictory evidence, is defined as

A) dichotomous thinking.
B) magnification.
C) personalization.
D) arbitrary inference.

Question 39

A patient with anorexia nervosa believes that she is thin when she exercises, but fat if she eats. This would be an example of the ___________________ cognitive distortion.

Question 40

Which of the following is one of the primary goals in the initial cognitive therapy interview?

A) Transference development
B) Symptom relief
C) Nondirectiveness
D) Dream analysis

Question 41

Empirical studies have repeatedly shown that cognitive therapy and antidepressant medications are both highly effective in the treatment of depression. Furthermore, the combination of the two approaches is often preferable. Describe the benefits to using both in combination. Would there be any potential for one approach to undermine the other? If so, how? If not, why not?

Question 42

Cognitive therapy is one of the most empirically validated therapies available. State why you think cognitive therapy lends itself well to being researched. Contrast researching cognitive therapy to the difficulties inherent in researching psychoanalytic approaches.

Question 43

The work of Albert Ellis (1962) gave major impetus to the development of _____________.

Question 44

Through _________________ cognitive therapy, patients create homework assignments for themselves called "behavioral experiments" with input from their therapist.

Question 45

According to cognitive theory, psychological distress results from several factors. Explain how a cognitive therapist views the interaction between innate disposition and the environment.

Question 46

To a novice therapist, the distinctions between cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, and REBT are often difficult to decipher. Describe how these approaches differ.

Question 47

Early in treatment, a cognitive therapist may rely more on _______________ techniques; later in treatment, the focus shifts toward ______________ techniques.

Question 48

Cognitive therapy is often described incorrectly; many therapists who are not trained in cognitive therapy believe that the cognitive model states that thoughts cause feelings. Describe the cognitive model accurately. According to the theory of cognitive therapy, what determines how a person responds to life events?

Question 49

Cognitive theory recognizes that all humans make mistakes in processing information and hypothesizes that it is ___________________biases in processing that leads to psychopathology.

Question 50

The preferred method of dialoguing with a patient in cognitive therapy is through the use of ______________________ questions.