Deck 14: Personality and Mental Health

Question 1

Which term is a synonym for mental disorder?

A) psychopathology
B) personality disorder
C) character flaw
D) insanity

Answer 1

psychopathology

Question 2

Why are mental disorders classified as disorders?

A) They result in transgressions against another person or society as a whole.
B) They always involve bizarre or unnatural behavior patterns.
C) Unlike diseases, disorders can be treated but not cured.
D) They cause distress beyond what would be expected, typical, or appropriate for a person.

Answer 2

They cause distress beyond what would be expected, typical, or appropriate for a person.

Question 3

How do psychologists define a mental disorder?

A) a disintegration of mental control
B) a pattern of mental symptoms causing significant problems in life
C) an inability to foresee the consequences of one's actions coupled with a lack of remorse
D) any disruption to the daily expected routine activities of a given individual

Answer 3

a pattern of mental symptoms causing significant problems in life

Question 4

Personality disorders are sometimes classified as "weird," "wild," and "worried." Which specific disorder falls under the "weird" cluster?

A) avoidant personality disorder
B) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
C) borderline personality disorder
D) schizoid personality disorder

Question 5

Which technique is typically used to diagnose a personality disorder?

A) self-report measures
B) blood sample
C) projective test
D) structured clinical interview

Question 6

Personality disorders are sometimes classified as "weird," "wild," and "worried." Which specific disorder falls under the "wild" cluster?

A) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
B) avoidant personality disorder
C) paranoid personality disorder
D) narcissistic personality disorder

Question 7

About 1 in 4 people presenting symptoms of a personality disorder are diagnosed as __________.

A) narcissistic personality disorder
B) avoidant personality disorder
C) dependent personality disorder
D) personality disorder not otherwise specified

Question 8

What does the term "medical student syndrome" refer to?

A) believing that a large number of rare diseases personally apply to someone first learning about them
B) the increased risk that people in the medical profession have for developing psychopathology
C) the tendency for medical students to be better at diagnosing mental illness than seasoned doctors
D) a cluster of personality disorders prevalent in third-year medical students

Question 9

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders arranges personality disorders into __________ clusters.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 10

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which cluster contains dramatic or emotional personality disorders?

A) Cluster A
B) Cluster B
C) Cluster C
D) Cluster D

Question 11

How is personality related to psychopathology?

A) "Personality disorders" and "psychopathology" are synonyms.
B) All forms of psychopathology studied to date eventually originate in character flaws evident in personality traits.
C) Research methods that were developed in personality science became the basis for diagnosing mental disorders.
D) Personality and psychopathology represent a continuum along which people can range from healthy to disordered levels of a particular trait or characteristic.

Question 12

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which cluster contains odd or eccentric personality disorders?

A) Cluster A
B) Cluster B
C) Cluster C
D) Cluster D

Question 13

Personality disorders are sometimes classified as "mad, bad, and sad." Which specific disorder falls under the "mad" cluster?

A) dependent personality disorder
B) antisocial personality disorder
C) paranoid personality disorder
D) narcissistic personality disorder

Question 14

Why do personality disorders need to be considered within a cultural context?

A) Only mental health professionals from a person's culture of origin are qualified to make a diagnosis of that person's mental status.
B) No one's personality develops in isolation; therefore, personality disorders can only develop within a person's culture of origin.
C) Behavior that may seem odd or eccentric in one cultural setting may be perceived as quite normal in a different cultural setting.
D) Some cultural products can be mistaken for specific forms of personality disorders.

Question 15

Personality disorders are sometimes classified as "mad, bad, and sad." Which specific disorder falls under the "sad" cluster?

A) antisocial personality disorder
B) avoidant personality disorder
C) paranoid personality disorder
D) borderline personality disorder

Question 16

What guidebook serves as the "official" basis for the diagnosis of psychopathology?

A) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 11th Edition (ICD-11)
B) The Physicians' Desk Reference, 7th Edition (PDR-71)
C) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)
D) Psychological Disorders and Their Treatment, 2nd Edition (PDTT2)

Question 17

How are personality disorders defined?

A) extreme and inflexible personality configurations that lead to significant impairment
B) personal problems that take on an undue significance in a person's life
C) character flaws that manifest themselves over the course of normal development
D) disorders with no known biological correlates

Question 18

Why are personality disorders seen as distinct from other mental disorders

A) The origin of most personality disorders remains unknown, whereas other forms of mental illness have a clearer path of onset and development.
B) Personality disorders represent some deep-seated element of a person's character, rather than something that was "contracted," as a disease might be.
C) Personality disorders are the most recent classification of psychopathology to be recognized by the psychiatric and medical establishment.
D) Personality disorders are usually easier to cure than other forms of mental illness.

Question 19

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which cluster contains anxious or fearful personality disorders?

A) Cluster A
B) Cluster B
C) Cluster C
D) Cluster D

Question 20

For a person to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, she or he must fit __________ specific requirements.

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 21

According to some estimates, as many as __________ people in the general population have some form of personality disorder.

A) 1 in 3
B) 1 in 5
C) 1 in 10
D) 1 in 20

Question 22

Which constellation of personality traits describes people who are more likely to suffer from depression?

A) low neuroticism, low extraversion, and high conscientiousness
B) high neuroticism, low extraversion, and low conscientiousness
C) high neuroticism, high extraversion, and high conscientiousness
D) low neuroticism, high extraversion, and low conscientiousness

Question 23

A man is __________ times as likely to have a personality disorder in Cluster A (paranoid, schizoid, or schizotypal) than a woman is.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 17
D) 23

Question 24

Which trait on the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 is associated with extreme openness to experience?

A) detachment
B) disinhibition
C) negative affectivity
D) psychoticism

Question 25

__________ is an intense fear of social situations.

A) Agoraphobia
B) Somniphobia
C) Social phobia
D) Personal phobia

Question 26

Why would panic attacks be accompanied by physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, sweating, and chills?

A) These symptoms represent the body's first attempts to quiet the physical system and return to a state of normalcy.
B) These same physical symptoms would be evident in the presence of an actual threat causing fear and anxiety.
C) Panic attacks are usually a precursor to legitimate physical ailments, such as a stroke or heart attack.
D) Without these symptoms, a person wouldn't recognize that she or he is experiencing anything out of the ordinary.

Question 27

Which trait on the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 is associated with extreme low agreeableness?

A) disinhibition
B) negative affectivity
C) antagonism
D) psychoticism

Question 28

Which trait on the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 is associated with extreme neuroticism?

A) detachment
B) antagonism
C) negative affectivity
D) disinhibition

Question 29

Compared to a mentally healthy person, a person with dependent personality disorder typically displays __________.

A) lower neuroticism, higher extraversion, and lower agreeableness
B) higher openness to experience, lower agreeableness, and higher conscientiousness
C) higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, and higher agreeableness
D) higher openness to experience, higher agreeableness, and higher extraversion

Question 30

What pattern of personality traits do almost all people with any personality disorder have?

A) high neuroticism and high openness to experience
B) low extraversion and low neuroticism
C) low conscientiousness and high extraversion
D) high neuroticism and low agreeableness

Question 31

Compared to a mentally healthy person, a person with schizoid personality disorder typically displays __________.

A) higher neuroticism, higher conscientiousness, and higher agreeableness
B) higher extraversion, lower conscientiousness, and higher agreeableness
C) lower neuroticism, higher openness to experience, and higher extraversion
D) lower extraversion, lower agreeableness, and lower openness to experience

Question 32

__________ is the trait on the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 associated with extreme introversion.

A) Negative affectivity
B) Detachment
C) Psychoticism
D) Disinhibition

Question 33

__________ is the trait on the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 associated with extreme low conscientiousness.

A) Antagonism
B) Negative affectivity
C) Disinhibition
D) Psychoticism

Question 34

How does the likelihood of a man suffering from narcissistic personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder compare to the likelihood for a woman?

A) A man is more likely to suffer from these personality disorders.
B) A woman is more likely to suffer from these personality disorders.
C) There is no notable difference in the likelihood of a man suffering from these personality disorders than there is for a woman.
D) No studies have been done to determine whether a man or a woman is more likely to suffer from these personality disorders.

Question 35

Which mood disorder features episodes of depressed mood or loss of pleasure in life that last at least 2 weeks?

A) anxiety disorder
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) panic disorder
D) major depressive disorder

Question 36

How much of the variation in personality disorders is explained by genetics?

A) 5%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 37

Gretchen has suffered from panic attacks in the past, so she has started avoiding the places that trigger those attacks. Now, in addition to her panic disorder, it is likely that Gretchen is suffering from __________.

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) agoraphobia
C) major depressive disorder
D) bipolar disorder

Question 38

Which statement is accurate about generalized anxiety disorder?

A) It tends to be the basis for other mood disorders, such as major depression or bipolar disorder.
B) It represents all five of the dimensions on the PAINeD model.
C) It is the only mood disorder associated with personality traits.
D) It is a form of free-floating anxiety not tied to any identifiable stimulus.

Question 39

Compared to a mentally healthy person, a person with borderline personality disorder typically displays __________.

A) higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness, and lower agreeableness
B) higher extraversion, lower openness to experience, and lower neuroticism
C) lower extraversion, higher agreeableness, and lower openness to experience
D) lower conscientiousness, lower neuroticism, and lower agreeableness

Question 40

Benito wakes up each morning feeling on edge. He has trouble sleeping because he is consumed by worrying. For more than 6 months he has felt nervous at work, nervous at home, and nervous in most settings. Benito is exhibiting symptoms associated with __________.

A) social phobia
B) bipolar disorder
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) agoraphobia

Question 41

Which constellation of personality traits would an individual with an eating disorder have who is overcontrolled/constrictive?

A) high extraversion, high agreeableness, high neuroticism
B) low agreeableness, low conscientiousness, high openness to experience
C) high neuroticism, high conscientiousness, low openness to experience
D) low openness to experience, high agreeableness, low conscientiousness

Question 42

The pathological desire to maintain a low body weight is known as __________.

A) bulimia nervosa
B) dieting
C) body dysmorphic disorder
D) anorexia nervosa

Question 43

Which personality pattern characterizes most forms of anxiety disorders?

A) low agreeableness, high openness to experience, high extraversion
B) low neuroticism, high conscientiousness, high agreeableness
C) high neuroticism, low agreeableness, high extraversion
D) high neuroticism, low extraversion, and low conscientiousness

Question 44

Across hundreds of studies, __________ of people who receive some kind of therapy improve more (or faster) than those who do not get therapy.

A) 15%
B) 30%
C) 52%
D) 75%

Question 45

__________ therapy emphasizes changing current thoughts and behaviors.

A) Psychoanalytic
B) Cognitive-behavioral
C) Existential
D) Psychodynamic

Question 46

Which mood disorder is characterized by periods of elevated and expansive mood, followed by depressive episodes?

A) schizophrenia
B) bipolar disorder
C) panic disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 47

Bethany has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. If she is typical of most people with this disorder, which personality profile is she most likely to exhibit?

A) low neuroticism, high agreeableness, low openness to experience
B) high neuroticism, low agreeableness, low openness to experience
C) low agreeableness, low extraversion, low conscientiousness
D) high neuroticism, high extraversion, high openness to experience

Question 48

Which personality pattern is associated with bipolar disorder?

A) high neuroticism, high extraversion, high openness to experience
B) high neuroticism, low agreeableness, low conscientiousness
C) low neuroticism, low openness to experience, high conscientiousness
D) low neuroticism, low extraversion, low openness to experience

Question 49

Gambling involves a breakdown in self-control. Which Big Five personality trait is this disruption related to?

A) conscientiousness
B) openness to experience
C) agreeableness
D) extraversion

Question 50

Kindness involves __________.

A) high agreeableness
B) high neuroticism
C) low conscientiousness
D) low agreeableness

Question 51

Anna has an eating disorder but continues to function reasonably well. What kind of personality type would she have?

A) undercontrolled/emotionally dysregulated
B) resilient/high-functioning
C) overcontrolled/constricted growth
D) resilient/emotionally dysregulated

Question 52

At what point does gambling become a gambling disorder?

A) when the gambler also abuses substances such as drugs or alcohol while gambling
B) when gambling behavior takes place in the context of high extraversion and high agreeableness
C) when any two of six formal criteria for the disorder are met
D) when gambling leads to major disruptions that threaten a person's day-to-day life

Question 53

Fundamentally, what is the source of many behavioral problems?

A) high neuroticism manifested in a stress-filled context
B) low self-control, low conscientiousness, and impulsivity
C) low agreeableness and low conscientiousness
D) low extraversion and low openness to experience

Question 54

Which mental disorder is characterized by delusions and disordered perceptions and thinking?

A) bipolar disorder
B) schizophrenia
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) panic disorder

Question 55

According to meta-analytic results, what kind of effect does psychotherapy have on personality?

A) Interventions can change personality disorders but not fundamentally change personality itself.
B) Psychotherapy causes a shift in attitudes, which is sufficient to then alter behavior.
C) Psychotherapy is less effective than drug treatments in changing personality.
D) Effective psychotherapy has the power to change personality.

Question 56

Which personality profile describes most people with substance use disorders?

A) high neuroticism and low extraversion
B) low agreeableness and high extraversion
C) low openness to experience and high conscientiousness
D) high neuroticism and high conscientiousness

Question 57

Percy has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He reports hearing voices that command him to arrange a meeting with Milton the Chicken, the mascot of his favorite fast-food restaurant. He believes that Milton is working with INTERPOL to keep Percy from attaining his rightful position as leader of JfhkX. The voices Percy hears are __________ and the plots Percy believes are __________ .

A) delusions; hallucinations
B) delusions; delusions
C) hallucinations; hallucinations
D) hallucinations; delusions

Question 58

__________ is an eating disorder characterized by binging and purging.

A) Bulimia nervosa
B) Body dysmorphic disorder
C) Dieting
D) Anorexia nervosa

Question 59

How many criteria does the DSM-5 use to diagnose pathological gambling?

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) nine

Question 60

One beer used to be enough to make Johnny feel a little tipsy; now it takes four beers to produce the same effect. Johnny has developed a(n) __________ for alcohol.

A) immunity
B) tolerance
C) resistance
D) endurance

Question 61

What is the relationship between personality disorders and neuroticism and agreeableness?

Question 62

List the five main traits of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and how they relate to the Big Five traits.

Question 63

Monty is experiencing a major depressive episode. What are his symptoms?

Question 64

Antonio thinks he has a problem with alcohol, Dee Dee thinks he has a problem with drugs, and Gustavo thinks he has a problem with gambling. What would they each need to know in order to determine whether their behaviors are pathological?

Question 65

How are the Big Five personality dimensions related to major depressive disorder? Why might some traits confer protections against mood disorders whereas others might exacerbate them?

Question 66

What do each of the DSM-5's three clusters of personality disorders represent, and what are the defining features of each cluster? Explain why a cluster approach aids in diagnosis.

Question 67

Marissa and José are going to be new parents. What role might their parenting play in their child developing a personality disorder?

Question 68

What is the relationship between self-help books and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?

Question 69

Sandi is experiencing a panic attack. What are some of the symptoms that he may have?

Question 70

How do personality disorders differ from other mental disorders?

A) Personality disorders are different from other mental disorders because they are often considered a part of a person's personality or character rather than a disease that exists outside the personality.
B) Personality disorders are different from other mental disorders because they cause someone to experience distress whereas people with mental disorders do not experience distress.
C) Personality disorders are different from other mental disorders because they are considered to be abnormal in the person's culture whereas people with mental disorders experience something that is considered to be normal in their culture.
D) Personality disorders are different from other mental disorders because they affect people's behaviors whereas people with mental disorders only experience effects in their thinking.

Question 71

What are mood disorders, and what form do they take?

Question 72

Regina is worried that her brother might have schizophrenia. What are the symptoms she should look for?

Question 73

Li-Mei wants to be a happier person. What are some of the things she can do to help herself feel happier?

Question 74

Ingrid is receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy. What does this approach entail?

Question 75

Using the three personality disorders in the DSM-5's Cluster C (anxious-fearful), explain the features they share in common and their likely correlates with the Big Five personality dimensions.

Question 76

Identify the three clusters into which personality disorders are arranged by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).

Question 77

Which of the Big Five personality dimensions is bipolar disorder linked to? Why would this disorder be especially likely to differ in its personality profile compared to other disorders?

Question 78

What is a personality disorder?

Question 79

What is panic disorder?

Question 80

What are the four anxiety disorders linked to personality? What are the main characteristics associated with each, and what personality features do they share in common?