Deck 13: Personality and Relationships

Question 1

Which of the following is a primary attachment style?

A) anxious
B) nervous
C) connection
D) disconnection

Answer 1

anxious

Question 2

Which attachment style is associated with the best psychological outcomes?

A) insecure attachment
B) secure attachment
C) anxious attachment
D) avoidant attachment

Answer 2

secure attachment

Question 3

How is attachment defined in attachment theory?

A) a daily record of caregiving from parent to child
B) the amount of love a parent shows to a child
C) a child's sense of stability within a family unit
D) the link between a child and her or his primary caregiver

Answer 3

the link between a child and her or his primary caregiver

Question 4

The kind of attachment that develops when a child uses the caregiver as a source of help and comfort, allowing the child to explore the environment, is called the __________.

A) Bowlby safety style
B) Ainsworth attachment style
C) secure attachment style
D) strange situation response

Question 5

Six-month-old Lola is being raised in her neighbor Cheryl's home while her parents are exploring the Andes. Although Cheryl has no biological relationship with Lola, what is nonetheless true?

A) Lola provides a secure base for Cheryl.
B) Cheryl is Lola's caregiver.
C) Lola will develop an insecure attachment to Cheryl.
D) Cheryl is not an object of attachment for Lola.

Question 6

__________ examines how a child's early relationships with her or his parents carry over to that person's later relationships with adults.

A) Neuroticism
B) Internalization theory
C) Attachment theory
D) Openness to experience

Question 7

A removed, isolated type of attachment characterizes the __________ attachment style.

A) insecure
B) secure
C) anxious
D) avoidant

Question 8

Gabe's mother, Ann, is a chronic alcoholic. Gabe is difficult to comfort when he is scared. He is clingy. He becomes upset when Ann leaves because he is afraid that she will not come back. These behaviors illustrate __________ attachment.

A) insecure
B) secure
C) anxious
D) avoidant

Question 9

How did Harry Harlow study attachment?

A) raising infant monkeys with either a wire or cloth surrogate mother
B) comparing humans raised in an orphanage with monkeys raised in a laboratory
C) raising infant monkeys with either a surrogate mother or their biological mother
D) comparing monkeys raised in the wild with monkeys raised in captivity

Question 10

Which researcher investigated attachment among rhesus monkeys?

A) John Bowlby
B) Mary Ainsworth
C) Elliot Reis
D) Harry Harlow

Question 11

__________ attachment develops when a child's caregiver is a source of comfort and security.

A) Secure
B) Anxious
C) Avoidant
D) Insecure

Question 12

How do a child's early attachment experiences become part of the child's personality?

A) by the unfolding of genetic tendencies
B) through the process of reinforcement
C) through the process of internalization
D) by interacting with the child's temperament

Question 13

What are researchers trying to determine when using the experimental method called the Strange Situation?

A) the nature of gestural communication between mothers and babies
B) aspects of purposeful exploration as the baby investigates a new environment
C) parental discipline styles in the first year of life
D) the nature of attachment between caretakers and infants

Question 14

__________ attachment is an uncertain and clingy style of attachment that often includes a negative view of the self.

A) Insecure
B) Secure
C) Anxious
D) Avoidant

Question 15

John Bowlby thought that attachment theory applied to __________.

A) all mammals
B) humans only
C) animals only
D) females, but not males

Question 16

Annika is placed in the Strange Situation. When her mother returns, Annika smiles and looks happy to see her. What kind of attachment style is Annika demonstrating?

A) avoidant attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) secure attachment
D) inhibited attachment

Question 17

The manner in which an individual relates to others is known as __________.

A) security enactment
B) bonding strength
C) attachment style
D) network establishment

Question 18

A child exposed to the Strange Situation __________.

A) should receive immediate medical attention
B) has been exposed to novel and disturbing stimuli
C) was placed in a room with other children that they don't know
D) has been left with a stranger in an unfamiliar situation

Question 19

Which psychologist originally proposed attachment theory?

A) John Bowlby
B) Mary Ainsworth
C) Eli Finkel
D) Harry Harlow

Question 20

What conclusion did Harry Harlow reach based on his research with infant monkeys?

A) Monkeys will seek food at any cost, illustrating an innate tendency for survival.
B) When deprived of a caregiver, monkeys will die within an average of six weeks.
C) Monkeys raised with contact comfort developed a sense of security.
D) Availability of food is the basis for forming attachment with a caregiver.

Question 21

Felix has a positive view of others but a negative view of himself. What kind of attachment would he demonstrate?

A) fearful attachment
B) dismissing attachment
C) secure attachment
D) preoccupied attachment

Question 22

Charles is placed in the Strange Situation, causing him to weep and wail. When his mother returns, he continues crying and is difficult to comfort. What kind of attachment style is Charles demonstrating?

A) inhibited attachment
B) avoidant attachment
C) secure attachment
D) anxious attachment

Question 23

Rochelle has a habit of falling in love quickly. She spends all her free time with her boyfriend Jethro, but when they have a fight or he's unavailable due to business commitments, Rochelle thinks the worst and is visibly distraught. It is likely that Rochelle has developed a(n) __________ attachment style.

A) avoidant
B) disinhibited
C) secure
D) anxious

Question 24

Dominic has a highly anxious attachment style. What is most likely to be true regarding his standing on the Big Five personality dimensions?

A) Dominic is likely to be low in neuroticism.
B) Dominic is likely to be high in neuroticism.
C) Dominic is likely to be high in conscientiousness.
D) Dominic is likely to be high in agreeableness.

Question 25

Viktor is placed in the Strange Situation, causing him to be upset. When his mother returns, Viktor looks away from her and refuses to acknowledge her presence. What kind of attachment style is Viktor demonstrating?

A) secure attachment
B) avoidant attachment
C) indifferent attachment
D) anxious attachment

Question 26

Arlene has a positive view of others and a positive view of herself. What kind of attachment would she demonstrate?

A) fearful attachment
B) dismissing attachment
C) secure attachment
D) preoccupied attachment

Question 27

Martin is committed to his relationships and he trusts his current boyfriend, Lewis. Martin was upset when his prior relationship ended, but he maintained his composure and moved on in his life. It is likely that Martin has developed a(n) __________ attachment style.

A) insecure
B) secure
C) avoidant
D) anxious

Question 28

The dimensional approach to attachment measures how people score on __________ and __________.

A) agreeableness; aggressiveness
B) happiness; sadness
C) introversion; extraversion
D) anxiety; avoidance

Question 29

Which type of attachment is associated with low anxiety and high avoidance?

A) dismissing attachment
B) secure attachment
C) fearful attachment
D) preoccupied attachment

Question 30

Phyllis has a negative view of others and a positive view of herself. What kind of attachment would she demonstrate?

A) fearful attachment
B) dismissing attachment
C) secure attachment
D) preoccupied attachment

Question 31

__________ is the attachment dimension assessing a person's desire not to be connected emotionally to relationship partners.

A) Anxiety
B) Aggressiveness
C) Avoidance
D) Agreeableness

Question 32

Which type of attachment is associated with high anxiety and high avoidance?

A) fearful attachment
B) dismissing attachment
C) secure attachment
D) preoccupied attachment

Question 33

How is childhood attachment style related to adult behavior?

A) Attachment style cannot change over the lifespan; our childhood attachment patterns will persist through adulthood.
B) The way we related to our caregivers in childhood influences how we relate to coworkers and employers as adults.
C) The way we related to our caregivers in childhood influences how we relate to romantic partners as adults.
D) Childhood attachment ends in late adolescence and is not related to adult behavior in any predictable way.

Question 34

Jocelyn dates casually, but she doesn't allow herself to get too close to anyone. Her few past boyfriends have wondered if she ever really cared about them. It's difficult to tell, because when Jocelyn breaks up with a dating partner, she doesn't seem too concerned about it. It is likely that Jocelyn has developed a(n) __________ attachment style.

A) avoidant
B) disinhibited
C) secure
D) anxious

Question 35

Which type of attachment is associated with high anxiety and low avoidance?

A) secure attachment
B) fearful attachment
C) preoccupied attachment
D) dismissing attachment

Question 36

Which type of attachment is associated with being low on both dimensions of anxiety and avoidance?

A) preoccupied attachment
B) secure attachment
C) dismissing attachment
D) fearful attachment

Question 37

Which attachment dimension is associated with holding a negative view of others?

A) anxiety
B) aggressiveness
C) agreeableness
D) avoidance

Question 38

Which attachment dimension is associated with a negative view of oneself?

A) avoidance
B) anxiety
C) aggression
D) agreeableness

Question 39

Keshisha scores low on extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Which attachment style would Keshisha be a little more likely to show, compared to the others?

A) secure attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) inhibited attachment
D) avoidant attachment

Question 40

Which attachment dimension is associated with nervousness about relationships?

A) anxiety
B) avoidance
C) agreeableness
D) aggressiveness

Question 41

What can be done to increase one's self-control?

A) consume alcohol
B) practice mindfulness meditation
C) stay up all night
D) skip either breakfast or lunch

Question 42

Online dating sites provide access, communication, and __________.

A) commitment
B) personality matching
C) social comparison
D) meeting coordination

Question 43

Which characteristic is the best predictor of attraction among dating partners?

A) physical attractiveness
B) similarity
C) extraversion
D) conscientiousness

Question 44

Bryce cannot stand to see someone suffer. When he sees people in pain, his first instinct is to help them. Bryce is demonstrating __________.

A) compassion
B) perspective-taking
C) subjectivity
D) frame of reference

Question 45

The motivation to incorporate aspects of a partner's identity into your own identity is a central feature of __________.

A) self-expansion
B) self-esteem
C) self-reflection
D) self-review

Question 46

People who score high in __________ are good at forming relationships, are more satisfied in their relationships, and are likely to maintain a large number of relationships.

A) extraversion
B) introversion
C) neuroticism
D) openness to experience

Question 47

How is relationship satisfaction related to self-control?

A) Self-control causes relationship satisfaction to occur.
B) People higher in self-control tend to experience greater relationship satisfaction.
C) Surprisingly, research reveals no association between self-control and satisfaction.
D) As self-control increases, relationship satisfaction tends to decrease.

Question 48

Which component of the dark triad includes a lack of empathy coupled with a willingness to exploit others?

A) Machiavellianism
B) psychopathy
C) psychology
D) narcissism

Question 49

The __________ model describes the tendency of a relationship with a narcissist to start positively but end very negatively.

A) apple pie
B) cheesecake
C) pumpkin pie
D) chocolate cake

Question 50

In the context of interpersonal relationships, how does accommodation take place?

A) when each partner's relationship schema is compared and revised, if necessary
B) through the process of empathic compassion
C) when constructive behavior moves partners toward a transformed relationship
D) only when perspective-taking is low and extraversion is high for both parties

Question 51

Emily finds relationships challenging, because she is preoccupied with how the relationship is progressing. Her anxiety often causes problems for her many dating partners. Emily would likely score high in __________.

A) agreeableness
B) extraversion
C) conscientiousness
D) neuroticism

Question 52

What rule seems to govern relationship satisfaction based on personality matching?

A) Opposites attract.
B) Similarity predicts satisfaction.
C) Opposites repel.
D) Similarity does not breed satisfaction.

Question 53

Which component of the dark triad includes a lack of empathy mixed with impulsivity?

A) Machiavellianism
B) narcissism
C) agreeableness
D) psychopathy

Question 54

Most studies find that people's personality on Facebook __________.

A) changes regularly, depending on what they want people to see
B) resembles their personality in the rest of their lives
C) is nothing like their personality in real life
D) is self-enhanced in an excessive way

Question 55

The ability to understand and feel the experiences that another person is having is known as __________.

A) sympathy
B) empathy
C) compassion
D) sensitivity

Question 56

Gino has a negative view of others and a negative view of himself. What kind of attachment would he demonstrate?

A) fearful attachment
B) dismissing attachment
C) secure attachment
D) preoccupied attachment

Question 57

Wally sees the world through his eyes only. When his frustrated girlfriend asks him to please try to see situations as she sees them, he responds with a blank stare and mumbles, "I don't know what you mean." Wally would appear to be low in __________.

A) neuroticism
B) self-enhancement
C) perspective-taking
D) objectivity

Question 58

__________ is the component of the dark triad that includes a lack of empathy coupled with a sense of grandiosity.

A) Machiavellianism
B) Psychology
C) Psychopathy
D) Narcissism

Question 59

People high in the components of the dark triad are more likely to engage in game-playing in their relationships, as well as __________, compared to people not displaying those traits.

A) perspective-taking
B) accommodation
C) mate-poaching
D) empathic understanding

Question 60

What is the dark triad composed of?

A) psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism
B) high neuroticism, low agreeableness, low openness to experience
C) Machiavellianism, introversion, psychoticism
D) narcissism, neuroticism, and negligence

Question 61

Describe the process of accommodation as it relates to relationships.

Question 62

Explain the difference between dismissing attachment and fearful attachment. Provide an example of each attachment style.

Question 63

Andy is high in agreeableness. How might this impact his interpersonal relationships?

Question 64

How can self-control be increased? Provide specific examples of how to accomplish this, and explain why self-control is beneficial to interpersonal relationships.

Question 65

Why are psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism called "dark" traits?

Question 66

Mirjami is hoping to find her soul mate online on a dating website. Do dating sites based on personality matching actually work?

Question 67

Explain why empathy, compassion, and self-control each contribute benefits to an interpersonal relationship.

Question 68

Nikita is high in neuroticism. How might this impact her interpersonal relationships?

Question 69

Explain how each component of the dark triad affects relationships.

Question 70

Peter and Gordon are teaching their kids the difference between empathy and compassion. What should they tell their children?

Question 71

Apply the chocolate cake model to a person who is attracted to someone high in narcissism.

Question 72

What are the two dimensions associated with the dimensional approach to attachment? How does each impact an individual's relationships?

Question 73

How is the Strange Situation used to study attachment in young children? What are typical patterns of findings?

Question 74

What is personality matching?

Question 75

Carlita is high in conscientiousness. How might this impact her interpersonal relationships?

Question 76

What is the basic premise behind John Bowlby's attachment theory?

Question 77

Darnell has an anxious attachment style. How did his attachment style likely develop?

Question 78

Explain what self-expansion is, and provide an example.

Question 79

Explain why similarity of personality traits would be a poor predictor of relationship satisfaction, and give examples drawn from each of the Big Five personality dimensions.

Question 80

What are the four types of attachment based on the dimensional approach? Where does each attachment type fall on the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance? Why are these two dimensions sufficient to produce the four outcomes?